US36949A - Improvement in apparatus for evaporating saccharine liquids - Google Patents

Description

P. W. GATES.

Apparatus for Evaporating Sacharne Juices. No. 36,949. l y Patented Nov. 18, 1862.

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I). YV, GATES, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT lN APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING SACCHARINE LIQUIDS.

Spccilicntion [taining part oi' Letters Patent No. 36,9% il, dated November li', 15h2- :le it known that I, l). lV'. GA'rlcs, of Ohicago, in the county ol" Cook and State of lllinois, have inventedanew and useful Improvcnient in Steam-Coil llvaporators lor Sugar and Sirup Juices 5 and I do hereby declare that thc iollowingis a full, clear, and exact descrip tion of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in whichliligure l is a plan of an evaporator with my invention applied to it. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section ofthe same. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section of the same. Fig. L is a plan ol" the invention applied to a slightly-modified form oi" evaporator. Fig. 5 shows the damper part oi' the invention applied in connection with a pan which cooks exclusively by iirc.

Similar letters of reference in the several lignres indicate corresponding parts.

The nature of my invention consists in the combination of the lire-arch having a divided lire-ilue, damper, and lateral hot-airline with an eva} orator-pan having a dei'ecating-,apartment anda iinishing-apartment, as hereinafter described.

It consists, secondly, in the combination,withthe hre-arch having a divided Iire-iiue and damper, of steam-coils which operate in conce rt with the fire-arch in evaporating the juices in the manner hereinafter described.

A, Figs. l, 2, 3, and 5, is aA lire-arch with a lateral extension, A, near its frontend. This extension is built up so as to form a hotair llue, which communica-tes with the fire-cham4 ber of the arch.

B l5 are preparatory heaters mounted upon an elevated part of the arch, said part of the arch being forward ofthe extension.

C is an evaporating-pan with lateral defecating-apartment C. The sides Cl C2 of this pan, except where the defecator is formed, are set inclined, as shown in Fig. The ends of the pan and the inclosing sides of the dei`e-v cater are vertical. The bottom ot' the defecator is a lateral. continuation of the bottom of the pan, and the juice iiows freely `from the same upon the bottom of the pan. The pan with defecator is set upon the rear lower portion of the arch and the extension thereof, so as to .incline downward to a slight extent as it runs baclnvard. The defecator C rests uponthc part A. ol' the arch, and below it an air-chamber communicating with the fire-flue ol' the part A ol' the arch exists. By means ol' this arrangement of aircha1nber thc heat from the lire circulatesmoderately under the del'ecator, and heats the saine sulliciently to .bring the flowing juice up to nearly the boilingpoint. At the extreme rear end ol the pan to one side a vertical dischargegate, n, which opens and closes a let-olli' passage, b, is constructed as represented. The preparatory heaters, as described, are well adapted for use in connection with the pan; but they may be dispensed with, as circl'nnstances may sug gest. The pan near its rear end-say about .one foot and six inches from said end-has a tight transverse partition, *i it, fitted to it, as shown in Fig. 5 in black lines, and in Figs. l and 2 in red lines, and to thus employ this partition the rlue D of the arch A is divided by a wall, d, into two lines, c f, which unite into onejust before they arrive at the chiin ney E ol" the arch. They also of 'course unite into one line forward ofthe wall. (l. In connection with the ilues ej" a damper, F, is employed. This damper is hinged to the l'ront end ofthe wall, and answers for both ilues c and f. The blacklines show the damper clos ing the llue j', and the red lines show it closing the ilue c. The ilues c andj' occupy about the last fourth of the arch-flue.

l sometimes arrange on the bottom of the pan steam-coils G G. One or more ofthe bends of these coils may extend from end to end of the pan, as indicated at 7L h, while the remaining or continuing bends z/ only extend forward a distance equal, or thereabout, to the length ofthe lines ef, as shown. rlhis, however, must be according to circumstances. The first bends, h h, are on the central part ot' the bottom of the pan, and their receiving ends unite with a common supply-pipe, it", ol' astcam-generator. The last bends, h2 lr', run along .the margins of the pan and unite with. a common exhaust-pipe, ha. and exhausting ends of the pipes are to be provided with proper regulating-cocks. Instead of having some of the coils or bends short and others long, they may all be of the same length and extend from end to end ol' the pan.

In Fig. fl; I have shown the steanrcoils and The receiving the pan as used when the preparatory cleansers and heaters are not employed. In this construction the elevated part of the arch Which supported the preparatory eleansers and heaters is not erected. This plan I prefer on account of its simplicity.

Iwill here state that one of the steam-coils, G, with bends of unequal or uniform length, may be used alone, but in that case one side ol' the pan (that side Where there is no defe cater) should be vertical and the other side inclined, except at that point where the defecator is located. The receivingbends in such use Would run alongside the vertical side of the pan instead of at the center of the bottom of the pan.

The operation of the invention, when lire alone is used .for evaporating the juice, is as follows: The juice being introduced into the defecator G from either the preparatory heaters and Cleansers or directly from a reservoir, 8,*the moderately-heated condition of the defecator causes the juice to be raised to nearlythe boiling-point, and the green scum and souriiig matter thereof to be thrown upon the surface of' the juice, and a strong ebullition sets in l'roin the boiling fluid or juice in the pan C, such deleterious scum is prevented from flowing into the pan. Therefore the operator has an opportunity to skiniit eff. The juice, as it flows over the surface of theV bottoni of the pan, is caused by the heat of the arch-iire to deposit its scum upon the inclined sides of the pan. As fast as the juice is thus evaporated and purified, it is dipped over into the charnber formed by the partition :l: di, and is finished in this chamber in batches7 of three to five gallons, and the double llue c j" and damper serve to convey the fire away l'roiu the bottoni of this chamber, and thus keep the finished sirup and pan from burning while the Sirup is being` drawn olf' and another batch is being dipped over the partition to be finished in like manner, as just described. Theheat of the fire is of course allowed to act upon the batch of' srup after the same is dipped over into the chamber.

The operation of the invention when re and steam combined are used to evaporate the juice is as follows: The juice in passing through the defccator and over the stca-m-coils is deprived of' its impurities inthe same manner as in thc fire-pan, excepting that the deposit of the scum by the iiiteiisely-lieated receiving steam-bends of the coils is more rapid, owing to the boiling at the center of the pan being more violent from the eii'ect ol'thesteam and fire combined; and while this is the ease there is, with proper care, no danger of scorching the juice, as the iire-heat is not increased, but on the contrary may be decreased when the steam is used. As the juice flows .along the coils and bottom of the pan, it may be arrested by a tight transverse partition, :f et, (shown in red lines in Figs. l and 2,) and dipped over the saine into the finishing-chant ber, and there finished in batches of from three to five gallons, and While being drawn off the course of the fire and the circulation of the steam may be cut off' from it, or the partition may be fitted loose, so that the juice flows under it and directly off' through the gate, or the partition may removed altogether, as represented in Fig. 4.

There is great economy in using steam-coils, as the steaiiigenerator which operates the cane-mill of an establishment may be employed to aid in evaporating the juice at a slight ad-l ditional cost.

There is also advantage in finishing thejuicc in batches, as the operation of' evaporating on the greater surface of' the pan may be carried on rapidly and the finishing operation per formed leisurely without loss of' time. Thc

iinishing operation is the bringing of the purilied juice to the proper consistency for inaking sirup or sugar, and to do this too speedily renders scorching liable, and to lose time in accomplishing the same in many instances is impracticable; hence the utility in iinishing iii large batches while the evaporating on the main surface of the pan is proceeding.

It also is very essential to first defecatc the juice, and finally it is important to have the fire under control at the end ofthe pan, both while the j nice is finished in batches or while continuously iiowing.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The'cornbination ofthe iire-arcli, damper, eVaporating-liian, and defecating and finishing chambers, arranged in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth.

2. lThe combination, with the fire-arch and damper, of steam-coils G G and evaporati ngpan C C', substantially as and for the purposes herein described.

3. The construction of the steam-coils with longand short bends, substantially as and for the purpose described.

P. XV. GATES.

Vitnesscs:

VILL. A. PRALL, J. L. Foneo.

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