US3673454A - Electric incandescent lamp with an improved pinch seal - Google Patents
Electric incandescent lamp with an improved pinch seal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3673454A US3673454A US84775A US3673454DA US3673454A US 3673454 A US3673454 A US 3673454A US 84775 A US84775 A US 84775A US 3673454D A US3673454D A US 3673454DA US 3673454 A US3673454 A US 3673454A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- foil
- vanadium
- molybdenum
- pinch seal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102100021749 LIM and senescent cell antigen-like-containing domain protein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710104347 LIM and senescent cell antigen-like-containing domain protein 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/38—Seals for leading-in conductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
- C22C27/025—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum alloys based on vanadium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/47—Molded joint
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric incandescent lamp having a quartz bulb provided with at least one pinch in which current conductors formed by a thin foil portion of molybdenum connected at both ends to wire-shaped conductors are sealed at least by the thin foil portion.
- lamps of this kind are employed in copying apparatus, in which in operation the lamps are regularly switched on and off for a few seconds over a fairly long period of time, cracking of the pinch material often occurs. ln most cases this means that the lamp can no-longer be used.
- the pinch temperature remains, in operation, below about 300 C, that is to say below the temperature at which molybdenum oxidizes in air. Cracking of the pinch material is therefore not due to stesses produced by oxidation of the molybdenum but has to be attributed to a locally excessively high current density in the metal parts in the pinch, particularly in the junction between the wire-shaped conductor and the thin foil portion of molybdenum. At this junction very high temperatures may occur. Owing to unequal expansions of the pinch materials stresses occur which may give rise to cracking of the pinch.
- the invention has for its object to provide a lamp structure in which this phenomenon is avoided.
- a lamp in which this detrimental effect does not occur is characterized in that the wire-shaped conductor located outside the bulb is welded to the molybdenum foil with the interposition of a foil of vanadium or a vanadium alloy.
- the foil of vanadium or a vanadium alloy may have a thickness lying between and 50 p.
- Suitable vanadium alloys are alloys of vanadium with about 0.1 to about 10 percent of molybdenum, tungsten, zirconium or hafnium.
- the use of the intermediate vanadium foil provides a reduction of the transitional resistance at the weld.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the pinch of a lamp embodying the invention and FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of the lamp in accordance with the invention, the invention will now be described more fully.
- reference numeral 1 designates the quartz bulb of a halogen incandescent lamp; the bulb 1 has a pinch 2, in which a strip of a molybdenum foil 3 is sealed. At one end this strip 3 is welded to a current conductor 4, which in turn is fastened to the tungsten helix 5. At the other end the molybdenum foil 3 is fastened to the current conductor 6, by means of which the lamp can be connected to a current source. The current conductor 6 is welded to the molybdenum strip 3 with the interposition of a foil 7 of vanadium.
- FIG. 2 shows a so-called copying lamp.
- the numerals in the Figure have the same meaning as in FIG. 1, 8 designates helical stays for the tungsten helix 5.
- the foil 3 has a length of 9 mms, a width of 4 mms and a maximum thickness of 35 p.
- the conductor 6 of molybdenum has a diameter of 0.6 mm.
- An electric incandescent lamp comprising a quartz bulb provided with at least one pinch seal; at least two current conductors included within said seal, each of said current conductors including a thin for] portion of molybdenum connected at one end to an internal wire-type conductor and at the other end to an external wire-type conductor, said foil portion being within said pinch seal; and a foil of vanadium being interposed between the external wire conductor and said molybdenum foil, said molybdenum foil being welded to the external conductor with said vanadium foil so interposed.
- the lamp of claim 2 wherein the interposed foil consists of a vanadium alloy containing 0.1 to 10 percent of molybdenum, tungsten, zirconium or hafnium.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
An electric incandescent lamp, having a quartz bulb provided with at least one pinch seal, has substantially reduced cracking of the pinch seal during operation of the lamp by the interposition of a foil of vanadium or vanadium alloy between the usual thin foil molybdenum connection to the wire-type current conductors of the lamp.
Description
United States Patent Notelteirs [151 3,673,454 [451 June 27, 1972 1 ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAlVIP WITH AN IMPROVED PINCH SEAL Victor Rosallie Notelteirs, Emmasingel, Eindhoven, Netherlands U.S. Philips Corporation, New York, NY.
Oct. 28, 1970 inventor:
Assignee:
Filed:
Appl. No.:
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Nov. 1 1969 Netherlands ..6916499 US. Cl .L ..3l3/332, l74/50.6l, l74/50.64, 287/l89.36 D, 313/331 Int. Cl. .1101 j 5/52 Field of Search ..l74/50.6l, 50.64; 287/l89.365; 313/331, 332
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,420,944 1/1969 Holcomb ..313/222 X 3,487,536 1/1970 Goldstein ..287/l89 365X Primary Examiner.lohn Kominski Att0rney-F rank R. Trifari ABSTRACT 3 Claims, 2 Drawing figures PATENTEuJum I972 3. 673 .454
INVENTOR.
VICTOR R. NOTELTEIRS AGENT ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMP WITH AN IMPROVED PlNCl-l SEAL The invention relates to an electric incandescent lamp having a quartz bulb provided with at least one pinch in which current conductors formed by a thin foil portion of molybdenum connected at both ends to wire-shaped conductors are sealed at least by the thin foil portion.
When lamps of this kind are employed in copying apparatus, in which in operation the lamps are regularly switched on and off for a few seconds over a fairly long period of time, cracking of the pinch material often occurs. ln most cases this means that the lamp can no-longer be used.
With lamps of this kind the pinch temperature remains, in operation, below about 300 C, that is to say below the temperature at which molybdenum oxidizes in air. Cracking of the pinch material is therefore not due to stesses produced by oxidation of the molybdenum but has to be attributed to a locally excessively high current density in the metal parts in the pinch, particularly in the junction between the wire-shaped conductor and the thin foil portion of molybdenum. At this junction very high temperatures may occur. Owing to unequal expansions of the pinch materials stresses occur which may give rise to cracking of the pinch.
The invention has for its object to provide a lamp structure in which this phenomenon is avoided.
According to the invention a lamp in which this detrimental effect does not occur is characterized in that the wire-shaped conductor located outside the bulb is welded to the molybdenum foil with the interposition of a foil of vanadium or a vanadium alloy.
The foil of vanadium or a vanadium alloy may have a thickness lying between and 50 p. Suitable vanadium alloys are alloys of vanadium with about 0.1 to about 10 percent of molybdenum, tungsten, zirconium or hafnium.
The use of the intermediate vanadium foil provides a reduction of the transitional resistance at the weld.
This phenomenon might be accounted for by the fact that the oxide skin at the surface of the areas to be welded dissolves in the intermediate foil so that it can no longer give rise to locally high transitional resistances.
With reference to the accompanying drawing, in which FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the pinch of a lamp embodying the invention and FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of the lamp in accordance with the invention, the invention will now be described more fully.
Referring to FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 designates the quartz bulb of a halogen incandescent lamp; the bulb 1 has a pinch 2, in which a strip of a molybdenum foil 3 is sealed. At one end this strip 3 is welded to a current conductor 4, which in turn is fastened to the tungsten helix 5. At the other end the molybdenum foil 3 is fastened to the current conductor 6, by means of which the lamp can be connected to a current source. The current conductor 6 is welded to the molybdenum strip 3 with the interposition of a foil 7 of vanadium.
FIG. 2 shows a so-called copying lamp. The numerals in the Figure have the same meaning as in FIG. 1, 8 designates helical stays for the tungsten helix 5. The foil 3 has a length of 9 mms, a width of 4 mms and a maximum thickness of 35 p. The conductor 6 of molybdenum has a diameter of 0.6 mm.
With a lamp of the kind shown suitable for a voltage of 230 V and a load of 1,500 W the pinch temperature rises to about C, when this lamp is switched on for 3 seconds and switched off for 12 seconds over a longer period of time. If no particular precautions are taken, about 30 percent of the lamps will show cracking of the pinch before the lamp has been switched on and off 50,000 times.
If a foil of vanadium or a vanadium alloy of a thickness of 10 p. is arranged between the molybdenum strip and the conductor 6 no defects of the said kind occur any longer.
What is claimed is:
1. An electric incandescent lamp comprising a quartz bulb provided with at least one pinch seal; at least two current conductors included within said seal, each of said current conductors including a thin for] portion of molybdenum connected at one end to an internal wire-type conductor and at the other end to an external wire-type conductor, said foil portion being within said pinch seal; and a foil of vanadium being interposed between the external wire conductor and said molybdenum foil, said molybdenum foil being welded to the external conductor with said vanadium foil so interposed.
2. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said interposed foil is of a vanadium alloy.
3. The lamp of claim 2 wherein the interposed foil consists of a vanadium alloy containing 0.1 to 10 percent of molybdenum, tungsten, zirconium or hafnium.
Claims (2)
- 2. The lamp according to claim 1 wherein said interposed foil is of a vanadium alloy.
- 3. The lamp of claim 2 wherein the interposed foil consists of a vanadium alloy containing 0.1 to 10 percent of molybdenum, tungsten, zirconium or hafnium.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL6916499A NL6916499A (en) | 1969-11-01 | 1969-11-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3673454A true US3673454A (en) | 1972-06-27 |
Family
ID=19808286
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84775A Expired - Lifetime US3673454A (en) | 1969-11-01 | 1970-10-28 | Electric incandescent lamp with an improved pinch seal |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3673454A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE758332A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2050693A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2071859A5 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6916499A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4038579A (en) * | 1973-01-11 | 1977-07-26 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Solder joint connection between lead-in conductor and electrode |
| US5264756A (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-11-23 | Gte Products Corporation | Small volume, high wattage press sealed lamp |
| US20040183467A1 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2004-09-23 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh | Dielectric barrier discharge lamp with pinch seal |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL183794B (en) * | 1979-02-26 | Philips Nv | HIGH PRESSURE MERCURY DISCHARGE LAMP. |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3420944A (en) * | 1966-09-02 | 1969-01-07 | Gen Electric | Lead-in conductor for electrical devices |
| US3487536A (en) * | 1966-02-24 | 1970-01-06 | Teledyne Inc | Method of forming a high temperature ceramic-to-metal seal |
-
0
- BE BE758332D patent/BE758332A/en unknown
-
1969
- 1969-11-01 NL NL6916499A patent/NL6916499A/xx unknown
-
1970
- 1970-10-15 DE DE19702050693 patent/DE2050693A1/en active Pending
- 1970-10-28 FR FR7038868A patent/FR2071859A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-10-28 US US84775A patent/US3673454A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3487536A (en) * | 1966-02-24 | 1970-01-06 | Teledyne Inc | Method of forming a high temperature ceramic-to-metal seal |
| US3420944A (en) * | 1966-09-02 | 1969-01-07 | Gen Electric | Lead-in conductor for electrical devices |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4038579A (en) * | 1973-01-11 | 1977-07-26 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Solder joint connection between lead-in conductor and electrode |
| US5264756A (en) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-11-23 | Gte Products Corporation | Small volume, high wattage press sealed lamp |
| US20040183467A1 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2004-09-23 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh | Dielectric barrier discharge lamp with pinch seal |
| US7106003B2 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2006-09-12 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Dielectric barrier discharge lamp with pinch seal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2050693A1 (en) | 1971-05-19 |
| FR2071859A5 (en) | 1971-09-17 |
| BE758332A (en) | 1971-04-30 |
| NL6916499A (en) | 1971-05-04 |
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