US362187A - Gas-engine - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) v 6 Sheets-Sheet 1. A. SOHMID 827 J. O. BEGKPELD.

GAS ENGINE No. 362,187. Paten ed May 8-, 1887.

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GAS ENGINE.

PatentQd May 3, 1887.

IZAZZENTOHS ATTORNEY.

(No ModeL) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

A. SCHMID & J. 0. BEGKFELD.

GAS ENGINE.

No. 362,187. Patented May 3, 1887.

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GAS ENGINE;

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A. SGHMID & J. C. BECKPELD.

GAS ENGINE.

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GAS ENGINE.

No. 362,187. Patented May 3, 1887'.

UNITED STATES ALBERT SOHMID, OF ALLEGHENY, AND

J. CHARLES BEOKFELD, OF RESERVE,

ALLEGHENY OOUN TY, PENNSYLVANIA.

GAS-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 362,187, dated- May 3, 1887.

Application filed November 15, 1886. Serial No. 218,867. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be itknown that we, ALBERT SoHMID, a citizen of the Republic of Switzerland, residing at Allegheny, and J. CHARLES BEGKFELD, a citizen of the United States, residing in Re serve township, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Engines, of which improvements the following is a specification.

In the accompanying drawings, which make part of this specification, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a single-acting gas-engine embodying our improvements. Fig. 21's a. transverse section of the same on the linew m, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation, the section being taken on theline y y, Fig. 2. Figs. 4. and 5 are sectional detail views of the main cylinders and valve-chambers, showing the different positions of the valve as regulated by the adjustable eccentric. Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 are diagrammatic views illustrating the adjustment of the eccentric, Figs. 6 and 8 showing an eccentric adjustable around the shaft, and Figs. 7 and 9 showing an eccentric adjusted transversely of the shaft. Figs. 10 and 11 are views similar to Figs. 4 and 5, showing the manner of regulating the richness of the explosive. Figs. 12 and 13 are diagrammatic views showing the adjustment of the eccentric for regulating the valve in Figs. 10 and 13. Figs. 14 and 15 are views of two forms of the governor and eccentric. Figs. 16 and 17 are sectional views of two constructions or forms of igniters.

The invention herein relates to certain improvements in gas-engines in which the motive 1)OWO1i.6., explosions of gas and air, occurs at each forward stroke of the piston, the power or force of the explosion being regulated by the amount of explosive mixture admitted to the explosion-chamber, and bylimiting or cutting off the exhaust.

The invention consists in uniting the power and compression cylinders and pistons in integral structures in line with each other, in regulating theadmission of the explosive mixture to the compression and thence to the explosion chamber by alternately operating valves, and regulating the flow of the explosive mixture to the explosion;chamber and the exhaust from the said vchamber byand in accordance with the speed of the engine. I

The sllell,in which are formed the cylinders 1 and 2 and the valve-chambers3 and 4, is se- 5 cured to the top of the crank-case 5. The crank-case serves as a bed or support for the engine, and also as a receptacle for the reception of lubricating material for the crankpin, eccentrics, and journals of the crank-shaft 6, the bearings 7 for said journals being formed at the ends of the case. The cylinders 1 and 2, the former being the powercylinder and the latter the compression-cylinder, are open at their lower ends, the power-cylinder open- 55 ing at its lower end into the compressioncylinder, which is formed of a greater diameter than the cylinder 1. The pistons 8 and 9 for the cylinders are formed integral with each other, as shown, and are coupled by a connect- 7o ingrod, 10, with the crank pin 11 on the crank-shaft 6.

The valve-chamber 3 is provided with a piston-valve, 12, provided with ports or passages 13 and 14, for governing the exhaust from the power-cylinder and the admission of gas and air to the compressioncylinder 2. The gas and air are admitted to the valve-case 3 through ports 15 and 16, which are of such a relative size as to admit the proper proportions of gas and air to form the explosive mixture which escapes from the valve-case into the compression-cylinder 2 through the port 17 The explosive mixture is conducted from the cylinder 2 into the valve-case at by a passage, 1S,and S 5 port 19, said valve-case being provided with a piston-valve, 20, having the chamber or port 21, by which,at a certain position of valve, the mixture is conducted to the upper end of the cylinder 1 through the port 22. The port 21. 0 also serves to connect the port 22, leading to the cylinder 1, and the port 23, leading to the igniter 24. The cylinder 1 is made considerably longer than the stroke' of the piston 8, thereby forming a chamber at the upper end 5 of said cylinder when the piston is at the up per limit of its stroke in which the explosions of the combined gas and air occur. The gases escape from the cylinder 1 through the port 42 into the chamber or port 13 in the valve 12,

and from thence through the port 43 into the open air.

The piston-valve is connected by a rod, 25, to the strap 26, surrounding the eccentric 27, secured to the crankshaft,and the pistonvalve 12 is coupled by a rod, 28, to the strap 29, surrounding the eccentric 30, adjustably mounted on the crank shaft. In Fig. 14 weights 31 are pivoted to a disk, 32, secured to the shaft 6, the free ends of said weights being connected by links 33 to a hollow hub, 34, (see Fig. 1,) projecting fromthe side of the eccentric. These weights under the action of centrifugal force move outward away from the shaft, and thereby cause the eccentric to rotate around the shaft, and thus change the time of cutoff of thevalve 12. The eccentric 1S restored to its normal position by the centripetal action of the coiled springs 35, which are attached at their ends to the weights 31 and the disk 32.;";?An equivalent adjustment of the valve 12 can be effected by the construction shown in Fig. 15, illustrating another form of shaft-governor.

In the construction shown in Fig. 15 the eccentric is provided with a slot or elongated opening, through which passes the crankshaft 6, and on the shaft 6 is secured a frame, 36, to the ends of which are pivoted the weights 31. These weights are connected together on opposite sides of their pivotal points by rod 37, thereby insuring simultaneous and equal movements of the weights. To the eccentric is attached an arm, 38, said arm being pivotally connected to a lug formed on one of the weights 31. On the other weight is formed a lug or car, 39,provided with a slot,with which a pin,-40, on the eccentric 30 engages, said pin being opposite the arm 38, above referred to.

As the weights are moved outwardly under the action of centrifugal force the eccentric 30, through the medium of its connections with the weights, as above stated, is so moved transversely of the shaft 6 as to bring its center nearer to the center of rotation-13. e., the center of the shaft 6. Theweights as the speed decreases are drawn inwardly by the action of the spring 41, theinward movement of the weights 31 imparting such a movement to the eccentric 30 as to move its center away from the center of the shaft 6'. An igniter, consisting of a tube, 44, into which project wires 45, said wires either having their inner ends in close proximity to each other, as shown in Fig. 16, or else united byaspiral,46,of thin wire,as shown in Fig. 17, is screwed into the shell of the valvechamber 4 in line with theport 23. The wires 45 are surrounded by cylinders or cores 47, of insulating material,inclosed within metal plugs 48, screwing into-the tube 44 on diametricallyopposite sides. The outer end of the tube 44 is closed by a cap, 49, which can be removed for the purpose of cleaning the tube 44.

In operating our improved engine the gas and air enter through ports 15 and 16 into the chamber 14 in the piston-valve 12. \Vhilethe engine is running at normal speed the eccentric 30 is so set as to uncover the ports 17 during the downward stroke of the pistons 8 and 9, just before said port is uncovered at its opposite end by the piston 9. As soon as the port 17 is uncovered the combined gas and air will flow therethrough from the valve chamber or port 14 into the cylinder 2 above the piston 9. This fiow of gas and air through the ports 15 and 16, valve port or chamber 14, and port 17 into the cylinder 2 will continue until the pistons 8 and 9 have nearly reached the lower limit of their stroke, by which time the piston-valve 12 will be moving upward and 'will have closed the gas-port 15 and combined gas and air port 17, which, as shown in Figs. 1, 4, and 5, are in line with each other, and uncovered the exhaust-port 42, thereby permitting the exploded gases to escape from the cylinder 1 into the open air through the port 42, valve chamber or port 13,- and exit-port 43. During the above movements of the pistons S and 9 and valve 12 the valve 20 is in such a position as to close the port 19; but as soon as the pistons 8 and 9 begin their upward movement the valve 20 is moved downward, so as to cover the port 23, leading to the igniter, and subsequently to connect the ports 19 and 22 by its valve-port 21, thereby permit ting the combined gas and air to flow from the cylinder 2 through said several ports into the cylinder 1 above the piston ,8. As the pistons 8 and 9 approach the upward limit of their stroke the motion of the valve 20 is reversed, and just before said pistons 8 and 9 have completed their upward movement the valve 20 will close the port 19, and will immediately afterward, and just as the pistons 8 and 9 are about to begin their downward movement, uncover the port 23 and permit a por* tion of the gas and air to flow from the cylinder 1 through the port 22, valve-port 21, and port 23 into the igniter 24, where the gas is ignited, and the flame will travel back through the ports just mentioned intothe cylinderl and explode the combined gas and air therein. The movement of the valve 20 is so regulated that before it uncovers the port 19, thereby allowing the combined gas and air to enter the cylinder 1, the piston 3 will have reached such a point in its upward stroke as to close the exhaust-port 42, which is subsequently covered by the piston-valve 12. As the pistons 8 and 9 move downward under the force of the explosion the piston-valve 12 will have ICO moved down far enough to uncover the gascorrespondingly reduced.

tion of governor shown in Fig. 14 be used, or else to change the amount of movement of said valve, if the form of governor shown in Fig. 15 be employed, by the outward movement of the weights 31 beyond their positionat nor-' mal speed. In either case the results will be the same-i. e., to limit the amount of combined gas and air admitted to the cylinder 2- that is to say, the travel of the-valve 12 will be so changed as to uncover the ports 15 and 17 after the port 17 has been uncovered by the piston 9. As will be readily understood, these changes in the movement of. the valve 12 will reduce the volume of combined gas and air which is admitted into cylinder 2, and thence forced into the cylinder 1, and consequently the force of the explosion in the cylinder 1 is In addition to the reduction of the volume of gas and air admitted to the cylinder 1 by the change or adjustment of the eccentric above described, and consequent change in the movement of the valve 12, the amount of exhaust of the exploded gases from the cylinder 1 is correspondingly reduced, thereby causing a reten-v tion of a greater or less portion of the dead gases in the cylinder 1, and thereby deteriorating the explosive power of the limited amount of combined gas and air which have been admitted into said cylinder, as above described.

In Figs. 10 and 11 is shown a construction and arrangement of the gas and air inlet ports 15 and 16 by which, in connection with the form of governor shown in Fig. 15, a change in the quantity of gas admitted can be ef- I fected, thereby proportioniiig the richness of the explosive compound admitted into the cylinder 1 to the power required.

The gas-port 15, as shown in said Figs. 10

and 11, while having its upper edge in line with the upper edge of the port 17, is somewhat elongated downwardly, thereby permitting of a comparatively large flow of gas when the eccentric 30 is so adjusted as to permit of the greatest movement of the valve 12, but limiting that flow of gas as the movement of the valve 12is limited by,the lessening of the eccentricity of the eccentric 30 by the outward movement of the weights 31.

It will be noticed that the speed of the engine is affected not only by the limiting of the amount of combined gas and air admitted to the cylinder 1, but also by the diminution of the amount of gas admitted and consequent loss of explosive power in the combined gas and air.

In the form of igniter shown in Fig. 16 we propose employing electricity generated either by some suitable form of 'Holtz electric generator driven by or from the engine or by other suitable means, whereby a constant stream of sparks will be produced between the adjacent ends of the electric wires 45 within the tube 44:. In the form of igniter shown in Fig. 17 the wire spiral 46 is maintained in a state of incandescence by a current of electricity from any suitable source of supply. It will be observed that in both forms of igniter a constant stream of sparks or a steady continuous ineandescence is maintained, thereby in either case preventing a said valve as well as the. valve 12, which governs the exhaust, is such as not to be readily liable to become clogged or fouled by the products of combustion of the gases, and that this form of valve is such as to be capable of being easily packed and balanced.

WVhile we have referred to the valves 12 and 20 as though they were single valves, each 1n reality is a double valve, as will be readily understood.

It will be observed that the amount of exhaust from the power-cylinder is always in direct ratio to the amount of combined gas and air admitted into the compressing-cylinderthat is to say, the shorter the cut-ofl of combined gas and air to the compressing-cylinder the. shorter will be the cut-off of the exhaust from the power-cylinder, thereby preserving a uniform pressure of charge in the power-cylinder before ignition.

We claim herein as our invention- '1. In a gas-engine, the combination of the power and compressing cylinders, a valvechamber connected to said cylinders by suitable ports, and a piston-valve located within said chamber and constructed, substantially as set forth, to co-operate with the pistonjn regulatingthefiow of gas and air into the compressing-cylinder and the flow of dead gases from the po wer-cylinder, substantially as set forth.

2. In a gas engine, the combination of the power and compressing cylinders, a valvechamber connected to said cylinders by suitable ports, a piston-valve located within said chamber and constructed to regulate the flow of gas and air to the compressing-cylinder and escape of dead gases from the power-cylinder, and an adjustable eccentric on the powershaft of the engine for regulating the movements of said piston-valve in accordance with the speed of said engine, substantially as set forth.

3. In a gas-engine, the combination of the compressingcylinder, a valve chamber connected thereto by a suitable port, 17, and provided with gas and air inlet ports 15 and 16, the gas-port being in line with the port connecting the valve-chamber and cylinder, and a piston-valve constructed to open and close the ports 15 and 17 simultaneously, substantially as set forth.

4. In a gas-engine, the combination of the In testimony whereof we have hereunto set power-cylinder, a valve-chamber connected our hands.

thereto by a suitable port 22, an igniter consisting of a tube connected by a port, 23, to ALBERT SOHMID; 5 the valve-cl1amber, said ports 22 and 23 being J. CHARLES BEGKFELD.

in line with each other, or approximately so, a constant igniting flame or body located in Vitnesses: the tube, and a piston-valve constructed to XV. B. CORWIN, regulate communication between the cylinder DARWIN S. VOLCUTT.

[O and igniter-tubc, substantially as set forth. 1

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