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US3616725A - Repeating firearm actions - Google Patents

Repeating firearm actions Download PDF

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Publication number
US3616725A
US3616725A US801992A US3616725DA US3616725A US 3616725 A US3616725 A US 3616725A US 801992 A US801992 A US 801992A US 3616725D A US3616725D A US 3616725DA US 3616725 A US3616725 A US 3616725A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cocking
hammer
cocked
striking
bolt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US801992A
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English (en)
Inventor
Armando Piscetta
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/42—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having at least one hammer
    • F41A19/43—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having at least one hammer in bolt-action guns
    • F41A19/47—Cocking mechanisms

Definitions

  • This invention lies in field of firearms in particular of carbines and rifles of the repeating type and more particularly but not specifically of small caliber automatic or semi-automatic ries. More specifically, this invention is concerned with action mechanisms for firearms as above, comprising a breech body, a breech bolt longitudinally reciprocatable into and fully concealed and protected within said body land an inner or concealed hammer positioned beneath said bolt and arranged to be cocked as a consequence of the rearward motion of the bolt, upon firing, into engagement with a trigger operated sear means.
  • Such latter motion ⁇ at its turn, can be obtained in many different ways in various types of semi-automatic rifles, :according to their actions, such as straight blowback, short recoil or gas operated actions.
  • Such motion is extremely fast and implies a pretty long motion of a noticeably bulky component as the breech bolt is.
  • the hammerless actions (that is the actions provided with inner hammers) have no bulky movable parts located outside the breech, nearly in line with and near to the marksman eye, and the bolt can be protected against rain, snow, sand and so on, and its sliding parts can be kept properly clean and lubricated.
  • the actual position of the inner hammer cannot be visualized and, in case of misfire, it cannot be re-cocked.
  • the desirable feature of safety and spring relieving half-cocking of the hammer cannot generally be provided in hammerless actions.- v v l v From some points of view, an :action provided with an outer cock is safer than a hammerless one.
  • the hammer can be controlled and manipulated, and also half-cocked.
  • the outer parts are however not proteoted and the visible violent motion of the bolt disturbs fast aimed shooting.
  • This invention has for its principal object to provide a new and improved action mechanism which is not subject to the above objections and limitations of the above mechanisms of any of the above classes, while maintaining the advantages thereof.
  • the improvement comprises providing an otherwise hammerless action of the type referred to above with a second outer false cocking means so linked to the concealed or inner ⁇ actually firing pin striking hammer that said inner hammer may be controlled and cocked by manipulating said outer cocking means.
  • the improved mechanism comprises ⁇ a longitudinally sliding bolt completely enclosed within a breech body, 'a firing pin conventionally located in said bolt, an inner first hammer adapted for striking on said firing pin when said bolt is at its breech closing position, an outer cocking means located rearwardly of said breech ibody and having a manually operatable spur, and link means connecting together said inner and said cocking member so that said inner hammer can be cocked by depressing or otherwise acting on the spur of said outer cocking member.
  • linking means comprise a connecting link or rod hingedly connected to lever portions secured to or preferably integrally formed with said inner hammer and said cocking means. Morey preferably, the lever portion appertaining to the outer cocking member is longer than the lever portion appertaining to the firing pin striking inner hammer, so that said outer cocking member performs a rotational motion concurrent with but smaller and slower than the motion actually performed by the inner hammer.
  • the link means are so arranged that the inner hammer can perform its full cocking and firing pin striking movements While the cocking member is at standstill at its raised or apparently not cocked position, but lowering or apparently cocking of the cocking member causes actual cocking of the inner hammer, if in not completely cocked position, such as after a misfire,I or when half-cocking and actual cocking is desired.
  • FIG. l is a purely diagrammatical view of the middle portion of a semi-automatic small caliber rifle, having parts broken away for illustration of the general arrangement of the outer hammer and the cocking member;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view and partly a side view of the essential components of a mechanism constructed according to ⁇ a first embodiment of the invention, immediately after firing and consequent cocking of inner hammer;
  • FIG. 3 is la similar fragmentary view of the mechanism, but including components constructed and arranged according to a modified embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the mechanism of FIG. 2, in halfcocked safety position
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the mechanism, modified according to the embodiment of FIG. 3, with the inner hammer striking on the firing pin for shooting;
  • FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. 3 and illustrates how by acting on the cocking member the inner hammer can be half or fully cocked.
  • a generally conventional semi-automatic rifle the action of Iwhich comprises a breech bolt 10 provided with a firing pin 11 and slidably arranged into :a breech body 12 firmly secured to the barrel 13.
  • the action is of the straight blowback type and the bolt 10 is biased by a coil spring 14 which moves the bolt forwardly in its breech closing position (FIGS. 1 and 4), after tiring Iand extraction of the case 15 (FIG. 2) of the ⁇ fired cartridge from the chamber 16 (FIG. 2), the cartridge being of the rimre type.
  • the coil spring 14 abuts on la fixed block 27 secured to the breech body 12.
  • the above described structure could be of different type.
  • the action can be of short recoil or of gas operated type, and constructed for making use of centerfire cartridges taken olf from a differently constructed and arranged magazine.
  • the action comprises an inner hammer 18 positioned and adapted for striking on the firing pin 11 (FIG. 4) upon closing of the breech and acting on the trigger 21.
  • the improved mechanism of the invention comprises a hammer 18 which will be hereinafter termed striking hammer.
  • the hammer 18 is conventionally cocked by rearward motion of the breech bolt 10 until engagement with a sear 19 forming part of a knockoff lever 24 having a lateral projection 23 engageable by a trigger lever 22.
  • Springs 25 and 26 Iare provided for biasing said trigger and trigger lever and respectively said searing knockoff lever.
  • the sear can be differently connected to or integrally formed with the trigger, according to the art to ywhich this invention appertains.
  • the striking hammer 18 has an additional notch 28 (FIG. 2) for half-cocking (FIG. 4) in addition to the full cocking notch 20 (FIGS. 4 and 5) for engagement with sear means 19.
  • additional notch 28 for half-cocking (FIG. 4) in addition to the full cocking notch 20 (FIGS. 4 and 5) for engagement with sear means 19.
  • no half-cocking means are and can be provided.
  • a cocking member is indicated 'at 30 in FIGS. l, 2 and 4, and its modified embodiment of FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 has been indicated at
  • the cocking member is located at least partially external to the breech -body and has a spur 31 for its manipulation.
  • the cocking members 30 ⁇ or 30 is oscillatably supported about a pin 32 secured to the action mechanism structure, rearwardly of the block 27 and it is not contacted or otherwise directly acted upon by the breech bolt 10.
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 and respectively in FIG. 5 all parts and components shown at righthand of trigger 21 and of block 27 are identical and, therefore, such parts and components have been omitted in FIGS. 3 and 6.
  • FIG. 3 is to be considered similar to FIG. 2 except in that the cocking member and the link means, which will be discussed below, have -been modified according to said FIG. 3.
  • the strik ing hammer 18 is connected to the cocking member 30 by means of a connecting rod 33 hingedly connected to its opposite ends at said striking and to said cocking member by means of pivot pins 34 and respectively 35. Therefore said hammer and the cocking member are caused to move concurrently and simultaneously.
  • the main spring designed for causing the striking hammer 18 to strike the firing pin upon disengagement thereof from sear 19, consists of a coil spring 36 arranged about said connecting rod 33 and abutting on a stationary part 37 secured to the breech body or to the action structure. Such arrangement is however not critical for the invention and the main spring can be arranged according to other known arrangement and also directly connected to the striking hammer, if wanted or expedient.
  • the above described construction improves the rifle or Carbine in that the firearm is provided with a completely concealed and protected breech bolt and striking hammer, and therefore the tirearm has the advantageous features typical of the firearms of the hammerless family, while the actual position, control and manipulation of the striking hammer can be checked and made by acting on the outside cocking member, exactly as it would be done on the hammer of an action of the outer hammer type.
  • the said connecting rod is hinged at 35 to a lever portion integral to the cocking member 30, which is noticeably longer than the lever portion integral to the striking hammer 18 and at which the same connecting rod is hinged at 34. Therefore, the motion of the cocking member 30 is concurrent with but of smaller angular amplitude and slower than the concurrent motion of the striking hammer.
  • This feature is preferably present in the modified embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, and leads to a smaller apparent motion of external parts of the action and to less disturbance in aimed repeated shooting than in conventional outside hammer firearms.
  • the inner hammer can be cocked after a misfre, thus avoiding ejection of the unred cartridge, and also half-cocked, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the cocking is obtained by acting in direction A on the spur 31 of the cocking member, as conventional on an outside hammer.
  • the modified preferred embodiment of FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 has a cocking member 30 so linked to the striking hammer 18 that no moving external parts exist during regular shooting, while half-cocking, cocking and position control of the concealed striking hammer can be done by manipulating the said cocking member.
  • the cocking member is biased by its own spring such as at 40 towards its apparently un-cocked or raised position of FIGS. 3 and 5.
  • the lever portion integrally formed therewith has a pivot pin 35 slidably engaged within an elongated opening 35" formed in the rear end portion of said connecting rod 33.
  • the length of said elongated opening 35 corresponds to or is slightly longer than the stroke of said rod 33 as the striking hammer 18 is reciprocated between its full cocked position (FIG. 2) and its firing pin striking position (FIG. 5), and the relative position of said components is such that when the cocking member is maintained in its raised position of FIGS.
  • the cocking member 30 can be used for half-cocking the striking hammer, upon conventional manipulation: while the cocking is kept depressed in direction A, the striking hammer will be disengaged from the sear by acting on the trigger, and the cocking member 3G (and therefore the striking hammer 18) will be slowly raised while the trigger will be released for ensuring engagement of sear into the half-cocking notch 23 (FIG. 2), while the concealed striking hammer is caused to follow the slow upward motion of the external cocking member.
  • the rieman can feel the actual position of the concealed striking hammer IS. Assuming that said latter hammer is actually in its full cocked position of FIG. 2 (and the link means are in the position of FIG. 3 relative to the cocking member), ⁇ the rifleman will feel only the small resistance of the spring 40 when he depresses the spur of the cocking member. On the contrary, assuming that the striking position of FIG. 5, or half-cocked as shown in FIG. 4, the rifieman will immediately or nearly immediately feel the remarkably greater resistance of the main spring when he depresses the spur of the false hammer.
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 is simpler than the embodiment of FIGS. 3, 5 and 6, and permits to check the ham mer position at a glance.
  • FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 there are no external components which move during regular shooting and the inertial forces opposed to the stroke of the inside hammer are smaller as the outside cocking member does not participate to the motion.
  • a repeating firearm which comprises a barrel, a breech body fixed to said barrel, a breech bolt arranged longitudinally reciprocable within said breech body, and a trigger-controlled striking hammer tiltably supported within said breech body and adapted to be brought into its fully cocked position by a backward stroke of said bolt, cocking means for moving said striking hammer independent of the movement of said breech bolt to the cocked position, said cocking means comprising a cocking lever located rearwardly of said breech body and having a visible manually operable portion, said cocking lever being movable from a rest to a cocking position; and link means connecting said cocking lever only to said striking hammer for moving the latter to said cocked position upon movement of said cocking lever from said rest to said cocking position,
  • Cocking means as dened in claim 5, wherein said cocking lever and said striking hammer are levers pivotable about fixed axes and wherein said link means comprises a pair of link pins fixed to said levers spaced from the respective pivot axis and a connecting rod pivotably connected at one end to one of said link pins and being formed at the other end with an elongated opening extending in longitudinal direction of said rod through which the other of said link pins extends slidable in longitudinal direction of said opening and turnable with respect thereto.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
US801992A 1968-02-26 1969-02-25 Repeating firearm actions Expired - Lifetime US3616725A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1320568 1968-02-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3616725A true US3616725A (en) 1971-11-02

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US801992A Expired - Lifetime US3616725A (en) 1968-02-26 1969-02-25 Repeating firearm actions

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US (1) US3616725A (es)
BE (1) BE728733A (es)
DE (1) DE1910614A1 (es)
ES (1) ES363966A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2002633A1 (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2248915A (en) * 1982-05-08 1992-04-22 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Self-loading hand weapon

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT363820B (de) * 1980-03-14 1981-09-10 Kepplinger Johann Einrichtung zur spannungsaenderung der den schlagbolzen beaufschlagenden feder von handfeuerwaffen
GB2109515B (en) * 1981-10-30 1985-09-18 Singapore Chartered Ind A hammer mechanism for an automatic or semi-automatic gun
DE3302140A1 (de) * 1983-01-22 1984-07-26 Horst 7972 Isny Blaser Schloss fuer repetierwaffen

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2248915A (en) * 1982-05-08 1992-04-22 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Self-loading hand weapon
GB2248915B (en) * 1982-05-08 1992-09-16 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Self-loading hand weapon

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Publication number Publication date
ES363966A1 (es) 1971-01-01
FR2002633A1 (es) 1969-10-31
DE1910614A1 (de) 1969-09-18
BE728733A (es) 1969-08-01

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