US3608048A - Method for manufacturing a prebent girder embedded in concrete - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a prebent girder embedded in concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3608048A US3608048A US848791A US3608048DA US3608048A US 3608048 A US3608048 A US 3608048A US 848791 A US848791 A US 848791A US 3608048D A US3608048D A US 3608048DA US 3608048 A US3608048 A US 3608048A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- prebent
- joist
- flange
- prebending
- concrete
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001605719 Appias drusilla Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
- E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
- E04C3/294—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete of concrete combined with a girder-like structure extending laterally outside the element
Definitions
- a rigid metal structure constituted essentially, on the one hand, by longitudinal elements arranged against the edges of said compressed flange and, on the other hand, by transverse connection elements, is temporarily applied to the compressed flange of the joist, said structure acting to avoid lateral buckling ofthe compressed flange.
- This invention invention relates to a method for manufacturing a prebent girder embedded in concrete by first prebending the rigid metal joist of said girder, maintaining the joist prebent and then embedding the tension flange of said joist in a mass of concrete.
- the compressed flange of the joist tends to undergo a lateral buckling under the effect of the compressive stresses, due to the prebending.
- said joist In order to help the joist to undergo high prebending couples, without a danger of lateral buckling of its compressed flange, said joist has to be designed with a stiffness transversely to the prebending direction which is distinctly higher than the stiffness normally required in use. This results in an unnecessary and expensive waste of steel, and leads to a girder of an excessive weight.
- the present invention meets these disadvantages.
- the stiffness of the compressed flanges of the joists is temporarily increased in the direction transverse to the prebending.
- a rigid metal structure is applied temporarily on the compressed flange of the joist, said structure being constituted essentially, on the one hand, by longitudinal elements, arranged against the edges of said compressed flange, and, on the other hand, by transversal connection elements and designed to prevent the lateral buckling of said compressed flange.
- a lubricant is placed betweenv the longitudinal elements of the above mentioned structure and the edges of the compressed flange of the metal joist.
- the longitudinal elements of the above mentioned structure are tightened against the edges of the compressed flange, so as to prevent their sliding on the latter during the prebending and to form a temporary frame for the compressed flange.
- FIG. I is a plan view of the compressed flange of the prebent joist of a girder
- FIG. 2 is a cross section along the line lI--II of FIG. I.
- a rigid metal structure constituted essentially on the one hand, by longitudinal elements, such as angle irons 3 and 4 and on the other hand, by transverse connection elements, such as U-shaped irons 5, is applied temporarily on the compressed flange l of a metal joist 2.
- Said metal structure presents a high stiffness in the direction transverse to the prebending direction.
- the angle irons 3 are welded with one of their ends to the U- shaped irons 5.
- the angle irons 4 are temporarily interlocked at their opposite ends to this U-shaped irons 5 by means of through bolts 6.
- the position of each angle iron 4, relative to the U-shaped irons 5. is adjustable, as the latter bear several holes 7 for the bolts 6.
- angle irons 3 and 4 are applied against the edges of the compressed flange I, eventually with an intermediary lubricant 8, by means of setscrews 9, screwed in the threaded blocks 10, integral with the U-shaped irons 5.
- the angle irons 3 and 4 and U-shaped irons 5 constitute a so-called Virendeel-type structure, having a high rigidity in the plane of the angle irons 3 and 4, Le. in the direction transverse to the direction of the prebending. This structure consequently helps to maintain the flange l and avoids its lateral buckling under the effect of prebending.
- the structure forms a guide for the deformation of the compressed flange 1, whose edges are slidable along the angle irons 3 and 4.
- angle irons 3 and 4 When the angle irons 3 and 4 are tightened steadily against the compressed flange 1, in order to avoid their sliding on the edges of the flange under the effect of the prebending, these angle irons 3 and 4 absorb a part of the tensile stresses transmitted to said compressed flange 1. Thus, the angle irons 3 and 4 diminish the danger of a side tilt of the flange l and constitute a complementary frame for the same.
- the metal-stiffening structure will preferably be constituted of a series of longitudinal elements 3 and 4, aligned coaxially and assembled end to end, for example by means of bolts, welds, etc.
- a rigid metal, structure comprising longitudinal and transverse elements to a flange of the metal joist, prior to prebending said metal joist, which after prebending will be in compression, the longitudinal elements of said metal structure being arranged against the edges of the last-mentioned flange,
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
Method for manufacturing a prebent girder embedded in concrete wherein the rigid metal joist of said girder is prebent, the joist is maintained prebent and the tension flange of said joist is embedded in a mass of concrete. Before the prebending, a rigid metal structure, constituted essentially, on the one hand, by longitudinal elements arranged against the edges of said compressed flange and, on the other hand, by transverse connection elements, is temporarily applied to the compressed flange of the joist, said structure acting to avoid lateral buckling of the compressed flange.
Description
United States Patent Inventor Abraham Lipski Uccle, Belgium Appl. No. 848,791 Filed Aug. 11, 1969 Patented Sept. 21, 1971 Assignee Procedes Nouveaux De Construction,
Preflex Societe Anonyme Saint-Gilles, Belgium Priority Aug. 19, 1968 Belgium 62,396
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PREBENT GIRDER EMBEDDED lN CONCRETE 3 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs.
US. Cl. 264/228, 25/ l 18 T int. Cl B28b 23/06 Field of Search 264/228 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,385,015 5/1968 Hadley 52/223 Primary Examiner- Robert F. White Assistant Examiner-Thomas P. Pavelko Anorney- Young and Thompson ABSTRACT: Method for manufacturing a prebent girder embedded in concrete wherein the rigid metal joist of said girder is prebent, the joist is maintained prebent and the tension flange of said joist is embedded in a mass of concrete. Before the prebending, a rigid metal structure, constituted essentially, on the one hand, by longitudinal elements arranged against the edges of said compressed flange and, on the other hand, by transverse connection elements, is temporarily applied to the compressed flange of the joist, said structure acting to avoid lateral buckling ofthe compressed flange.
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PREBENT GIRDER EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE This invention invention relates to a method for manufacturing a prebent girder embedded in concrete by first prebending the rigid metal joist of said girder, maintaining the joist prebent and then embedding the tension flange of said joist in a mass of concrete.
In the known methods of the art, the compressed flange of the joist tends to undergo a lateral buckling under the effect of the compressive stresses, due to the prebending.
In the case where the joist presents, crosswise to the prebending direction, a low stiffness, it is necessary to maintain said joist laterally, during the prebending, so as to avoid such a lateral buckling of the compressed flange.
In order to help the joist to undergo high prebending couples, without a danger of lateral buckling of its compressed flange, said joist has to be designed with a stiffness transversely to the prebending direction which is distinctly higher than the stiffness normally required in use. This results in an unnecessary and expensive waste of steel, and leads to a girder of an excessive weight.
The problem concerning the lateral buckling under the effect of prebending has a particular importance in the case of simultaneous manufacturing of two prebent girders by prebending of the metal joists of said two girders in opposite directions and in the same vertical plane.
In the known methods of simultaneous prebending of two joists, vertical metal supports with a sufficient stiffness in the transverse direction to the prebending direction are arranged on both sides of the joists to be prebent, and these supports are tightened against the flanges of said joists.
Theuse of such supports presents the disadvantage of being a hindrance to a normal regular bending of the two joists under the effect of the prebending, this hindrance being due to the friction of these supports against all the flanges.
On the other hand, it is not possible to embed in a mass of concrete, the parts of the flanges, against which are arranged said supports, as the latter prevent the placing of appropriate casings.
Attempts have been made to meet these disadvantages by reducing the length of the supports, in order to apply them only on the compressed flanges and on the webs of the joists so as to clear the tensioned flanges of the joists to be embedded in concrete.
lt is evident that in this known method the effectiveness of the supports decreases with their length. On the other hand, the area of the tensioned joist parts to be embedded in concrete increases generally with the prebending of the joists. Thus the length of the supports, and consequently their effectiveness, has to be reduced the more the joists are prebent, so that the prebending couples have finally to be limited to relatively low values.
The present invention meets these disadvantages. For this purpose, in the method according to the invention, the stiffness of the compressed flanges of the joists is temporarily increased in the direction transverse to the prebending.
For this purpose, according to the invention, a rigid metal structure is applied temporarily on the compressed flange of the joist, said structure being constituted essentially, on the one hand, by longitudinal elements, arranged against the edges of said compressed flange, and, on the other hand, by transversal connection elements and designed to prevent the lateral buckling of said compressed flange.
According to a particular characteristic of the novel method, a lubricant is placed betweenv the longitudinal elements of the above mentioned structure and the edges of the compressed flange of the metal joist.
According to another more favorable characteristic of said novel method, the longitudinal elements of the above mentioned structure are tightened against the edges of the compressed flange, so as to prevent their sliding on the latter during the prebending and to form a temporary frame for the compressed flange.
By the application of the method according to the invention, it will be possible to realize prebent girders with a relatively thin web and compressed flange.
Other particular features and details of the invention will appear in the following description of two embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. I is a plan view of the compressed flange of the prebent joist of a girder, and
FIG. 2 is a cross section along the line lI--II of FIG. I.
In these two FlGS., the same reference numerals refer to similar elements.
A rigid metal structure, constituted essentially on the one hand, by longitudinal elements, such as angle irons 3 and 4 and on the other hand, by transverse connection elements, such as U-shaped irons 5, is applied temporarily on the compressed flange l of a metal joist 2.
Said metal structure presents a high stiffness in the direction transverse to the prebending direction. For this purpose, the angle irons 3 are welded with one of their ends to the U- shaped irons 5. On the other hand, the angle irons 4 are temporarily interlocked at their opposite ends to this U-shaped irons 5 by means of through bolts 6. The position of each angle iron 4, relative to the U-shaped irons 5. is adjustable, as the latter bear several holes 7 for the bolts 6.
Furthermore, the angle irons 3 and 4 are applied against the edges of the compressed flange I, eventually with an intermediary lubricant 8, by means of setscrews 9, screwed in the threaded blocks 10, integral with the U-shaped irons 5. The angle irons 3 and 4 and U-shaped irons 5 constitute a so-called Virendeel-type structure, having a high rigidity in the plane of the angle irons 3 and 4, Le. in the direction transverse to the direction of the prebending. This structure consequently helps to maintain the flange l and avoids its lateral buckling under the effect of prebending.
When a lubricant is used, the structure forms a guide for the deformation of the compressed flange 1, whose edges are slidable along the angle irons 3 and 4.
When the angle irons 3 and 4 are tightened steadily against the compressed flange 1, in order to avoid their sliding on the edges of the flange under the effect of the prebending, these angle irons 3 and 4 absorb a part of the tensile stresses transmitted to said compressed flange 1. Thus, the angle irons 3 and 4 diminish the danger of a side tilt of the flange l and constitute a complementary frame for the same.
It is evident that in the case of a joist 2 of particularly great length, the metal-stiffening structure will preferably be constituted of a series of longitudinal elements 3 and 4, aligned coaxially and assembled end to end, for example by means of bolts, welds, etc.
The present invention is not limited to the shown embodiments. Many modifications can be made in the form, the arrangement and the structure of some of the elements, which take part in the realization thereof, in accordance with the present invention, provided that these modifications are not in contradiction with the content of the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In a method for manufacturing a prebent girder embedded in concrete wherein:
-a rigid metal joist of said girder is first prebent and maintained in its prebent condition and the tensioned flange of said prebent metal joist is thereafter embedded in concrete, the improvement characterized by:
--applying a rigid metal, structure comprising longitudinal and transverse elements to a flange of the metal joist, prior to prebending said metal joist, which after prebending will be in compression, the longitudinal elements of said metal structure being arranged against the edges of the last-mentioned flange,
and dismantling said metal structure after withdrawal of the prebending loads whereby said metal structure prevents a lateral buckling of said last-mentioned flange.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, and placing a lubricant between said longitudinal elements of said metal structure and the edges of said last-mentioned flange.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, and tightening said lon-
Claims (2)
- 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, and placing a lubricant between said longitudinal elements of said metal structure and the edges of said last-mentioned flange.
- 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, and tightening said longitudinal elements of said metal structure against said edges of said last-mentioned flange so as to avoid their sliding on said edges during the prebending and to form a temporary frame complement for said last-mentioned flange.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE62396 | 1968-08-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3608048A true US3608048A (en) | 1971-09-21 |
Family
ID=3841095
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US848791A Expired - Lifetime US3608048A (en) | 1968-08-19 | 1969-08-11 | Method for manufacturing a prebent girder embedded in concrete |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3608048A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT294665B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1941329A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES370274A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2015882B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1273420A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU59264A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4133369A (en) * | 1974-03-01 | 1979-01-09 | Le Carbone-Corrane | Fluid treatment modules |
| US4646493A (en) * | 1985-04-03 | 1987-03-03 | Keith & Grossman Leasing Co. | Composite pre-stressed structural member and method of forming same |
| US4700516A (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1987-10-20 | Keith And Grossman Leasing Company | Composite, pre-stressed structural member and method of forming same |
| US5144710A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-08 | Grossman Stanley J | Composite, prestressed structural member and method of forming same |
| US5978997A (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-11-09 | Grossman; Stanley J. | Composite structural member with thin deck portion and method of fabricating the same |
| US6668412B1 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 2003-12-30 | Board Of Regents Of University Of Nebraska | Continuous prestressed concrete bridge deck subpanel system |
-
1969
- 1969-08-06 ES ES370274A patent/ES370274A1/en not_active Expired
- 1969-08-08 FR FR696927315A patent/FR2015882B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1969-08-11 US US848791A patent/US3608048A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-08-11 LU LU59264D patent/LU59264A1/xx unknown
- 1969-08-14 DE DE19691941329 patent/DE1941329A1/en active Pending
- 1969-08-14 AT AT784969A patent/AT294665B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-08-15 GB GB40808/69A patent/GB1273420A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4133369A (en) * | 1974-03-01 | 1979-01-09 | Le Carbone-Corrane | Fluid treatment modules |
| US4700516A (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1987-10-20 | Keith And Grossman Leasing Company | Composite, pre-stressed structural member and method of forming same |
| US4646493A (en) * | 1985-04-03 | 1987-03-03 | Keith & Grossman Leasing Co. | Composite pre-stressed structural member and method of forming same |
| US5144710A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-08 | Grossman Stanley J | Composite, prestressed structural member and method of forming same |
| US5301483A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1994-04-12 | Grossman Stanley J | Composite, prestressed structural member and method of forming same |
| US5305575A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1994-04-26 | Grossman Stanley J | Composite, prestressed structural member and method of forming same |
| US6668412B1 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 2003-12-30 | Board Of Regents Of University Of Nebraska | Continuous prestressed concrete bridge deck subpanel system |
| US5978997A (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-11-09 | Grossman; Stanley J. | Composite structural member with thin deck portion and method of fabricating the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2015882A1 (en) | 1970-04-30 |
| LU59264A1 (en) | 1970-01-01 |
| ES370274A1 (en) | 1971-04-01 |
| AT294665B (en) | 1971-11-25 |
| DE1941329A1 (en) | 1970-02-26 |
| GB1273420A (en) | 1972-05-10 |
| FR2015882B1 (en) | 1973-02-02 |
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