US3603010A

US3603010A - Backhoe excavator with endless bucket attachment

Info

Publication number: US3603010A
Application number: US824843A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles J Polinek
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1969-05-15
Filing date: 1969-05-15
Publication date: 1971-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 1988-09-07

Abstract

A backhoe machine including a track laying or rubber tire tractor having a vertically adjustable boom (with the usual stick and bucket being removed) and having an endless bucket apparatus detachably secured intermediate its ends to the outer end of the boom. Longitudinal pitch is provided for the endless bucket apparatus by a piston-cylinder mechanism secured at one end to the top of the boom intermediate its ends and at its other end to a point near the top of the apparatus. Lateral pitch is provided by a reversible hydraulic rotator or hydraulic motor disposed between and connecting the end of the boom and the apparatus. The frame of the endless bucket apparatus may be formed of detachable sections to permit forming the apparatus into preselected lengths. An endless bucket gear chain or continuous linkage system on the apparatus may be driven by a reversible hydraulic gear chain motor through a set of meshed gears all preferably positioned at the bottom of the apparatus to provide more positive drive to the digging buckets. The endless gear chain or continuous linkage system may be reversed to release buckets stuck in dirt or material being excavated. Dirt or material may be carried away from the excavator by an auger and coacting tray disposed at the top of the apparatus or by an endless conveyor belt disposed at the top of the apparatus and movable laterally so that dirt may be dumped a substantial lateral distance from the apparatus. The auger or endless conveyor is provided on the apparatus for dumping material to the right or left side of the apparatus. The endless bucket apparatus may be circular, triangular, trapezoidal, or rectangular in longitudinal section for digging ditches of such respective shapes. A positive downward depressive force (crowd) may be applied to the endless bucket apparatus by a piston-cylinder mechanism rotatably secured to the top of the boom intermediate its ends, and its other end to the tractor at a point above where the boom is attached to the tractor.

Description

United States Patent [72] Inventor [54] BACKHOE EXCAVATOR WITH ENDLESS BUCKET ATTACHMENT 14 Claims, 13 Drawing Figs.

[52] US. Cl 37/83, 37/192, 175/90 51 Int. Cl E021 /06 Field of Search 37/83-90, 191,192;214/138; 180/792; 74/250; l/89,90; 299/72 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 755,707 3/1904 Schmidt, Jr 74/250 893,398 7/1908 Strom 37/85 1,015,850 l/l9l2 Sommers.. 37/90 1,050,361 1/1913 Halle /89 1,159,173 11/1915 Bunnell 37/85 1,535,509 4/1925 Ursino.. 37/84 1,974,668 9/1934 Souter.. 37/192 2,381,085 8/1945 Snyder 37/85 2,396,237 3/ 1946 Baldwin et a1. 299/72 2,747,307 5/1956 Griffin 37/90 2,750,687 6/1956 Banister 37/90 2,790,255 4/ 1957 Riley et al 37/90 3,015,175 1/1962 Smith 37/192 3,024,546 3/1962 Cramer 37/86 3,047,171 7/1962 Long 214/138 3,266,179 8/1966 Golden. 37/86 3,388,487 6/1968 Peck..... 37/90 3,443,705 5/1969 Buttram 214/138 3,463,336 8/1969 Mork.... 214/138 3,484,843 12/1969 Martin.. /792 X 1,506,421 8/1924 Freda 37/87 FORElGN PATENTS 161,468 2/1955 Australia 37/85 1,174,126 ll/1958 France 37/89 ABSTRACT: A backhoe machine including a track laying or rubber tire tractor having a vertically adjustable boom (with the usual stick and bucket being removed) and having an endless bucket apparatus detachably secured intermediate its ends to the outer end of the boom. Longitudinal pitch is provided for the endless bucket apparatus by a piston-cylinder mechanism secured at one end to the top of the boom intermediate its ends and at its other end to a point near the top of the apparatus. Lateral pitch is provided by a reversible hydraulic rotator or hydraulic motor disposed between and connecting the end of the boom and the apparatus. The frame of the endless bucket apparatus may be formed of detachable sections to permit forming the apparatus into preselected lengths. An endless bucket gear chain or continuous linkage system on the apparatus may be driven by a reversible hydraulic gear chain motor through a set of meshed gears all preferably positioned at the bottom of the apparatus to provide more positive drive to the digging buckets. The endless gear chain or continuous linkage system may be reversed to release buckets stuck in dirt or material being excavated. Dirt or material may be carried away from the excavator by an auger and coacting tray disposed at the top of the apparatus or by an endless conveyor belt disposed at the top of the apparatus and movable laterally so that dirt may be dumped a substantial lateral distance from the apparatus. The auger or endless conveyor is provided on the apparatus for dumping material to the right or left side of the apparatus. The endless bucket apparatus may be circular, triangular, trapezoidal, or rectangular in longitudinal section for digging ditches of such respective shapes. A positive downward depressive force (crowd) may be applied to the endless bucket apparatus by a piston-cylinder mechanism rotatably secured to the top of the boom intermediate its ends, and its other end to the tractor at a point above where the boom is attached to the tractor.

PATENTED SEP 7 l97| BACKHOE EXCAVATOR WITH ENDLESS BUCKET ATTACHMENT This invention relates to excavators and more particularly to backhoe type excavating machines.

Backhoe machines are inherently limited in digging speed, capacity, depth and trench forming configuration. There has long been a need for a backhoe-endless bucket combination to overcome such limitations.

It is an object of the invention to provide a backhoe-endless bucket combination for substantially increasing trench digging speed, capacity, and depth.

A further object of the invention is to provide a backhoeendless bucket combination effecting both longitudinal and lateral pitch to the endless bucket apparatus and effecting a positive depressive force (crowd) to such apparatus.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine of the above type having means for conveying excavated material to the right or left of the excavator. A further object of the invention is to provide a machine of the above type having circular, triangular, trapezoidal, or rectangular shaped endless bucket apparatus for digging trenches of such respective configurations.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine of the above type wherein material may be conveyed from the buckets and laterally away from the apparatus a preselected distance.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine of the above type that is simple in construction, inexpensive to manufacture, and highly effective in operation.

Briefly, the foregoing objects are accomplished by a conventional backhoe machine including a track laying or rubber tire tractor having a vertically adjustable boom with the usual stick and bucket being removed from the outer end of the boom. An elongated endless bucket excavating apparatus is detachably secured intermediate its ends to the outer end of the boom by a pair of spaced parallel brackets rigidly secured at their inner ends to the boom and with such apparatus rotatably secured to the outer ends of the brackets to permit such apparatus to rotate in a substantially vertical plane. Longitudinal pitch is provided for the endless bucket apparatus by a hydraulic piston-cylinder mechanism secured at oneend near the top of the boom intermediate its ends and at its other end near the top of the apparatus. Such piston-cylinder mechanism also functions to keep the apparatus upright when desired. Lateral pitch is provided by a reversible hydraulic rotator or hydraulic motor disposed between and connecting the end of the boom and the apparatus intermediate the ends thereof. The frame of the endless bucket apparatus may be formed of detachable structural sections to pennit forming the apparatus into preselected lengths for digging trenches of preselected depths. An endless bucket gear chain or linkages is provided on the apparatus and may be driven by a suitable drive means such as, for example, a reversible hydraulic gear chain motor through a set of meshed gears all preferably positioned at the bottom of the apparatus to provide more positive drive to the digging buckets, although it will be understood that such gears and motor may be positioned in the middle or at the top of the apparatus. Such gear chain motor may be reversed to release buckets stuck in dirt or material being excavated. Dirt may be carried away from the excavator by a dirt removal auger and coacting dirt removal tray disposed at the top of the apparatus and movable laterally of the apparatus so that dirt may be dumped a substantial lateral distance to the right or left of the apparatus if required. The endless bucket apparatus may be circular, triangular, trapezoidal, or rectangular in longitudinal section for'digging ditches of such respective shapes. A positive downward depressive force (crowd) may be applied to the endless bucket apparatus by a pistoncylinder mechanism rotatably secured to or adjacent the top of the boom intermediate its ends and at its other end to the tractor at a point above where the boom is attached to the tractor.

The buckets may be powered by one or more hydraulic motors that can be mounted on the endless bucket framework at any position thereon so as to afford maximum power when and where required. The principal hydraulic power for the hydraulic motors driving the continuous or endless bucket system is supplied by a pump on the prime power source of the backhoe machine.

The principal uses of the invention will be for ditching, excavating, trenching, grading and cleanup work. it is to be particularly understood that the principal prime power source is an all hydraulic backhoe excavator with the appendage known as the stick and bucket being removed and with the normal appendage known as the boom being attached at its outer end to the frame of the endless bucket apparatus. The hydraulic cylinder that controlled the (removed) backhoe bucket is now, used to power the endless bucket excavator apparatus. The power formerly used for the hydraulic cylinder that controlled the bucket is the power available for the invention. This system of continuous excavators can be applied to any of the varieties of conventional hydraulic backhoes, either crawler or wheel mounted, with or without a revolving turntable, including farm tractor type backhoes.

The system of modular frameworks aforedescribed can be so constructed that when the plane of rotation of the buckets is perpendicular to the longitudinal line of the trench being dug, a variety of cross-sectional contours of the trench can be effected. The truncations of the trench and the pitch of the sides will create no problem to the contractor as has been the case in the past. The floor of the excavated trench may be flat or curved.

Through the use of hydraulics, a variety of line speeds of the buckets, and feed of the crowd actions will allow for adjustment for the varying conditions of simple to difficult excavation.

The material that is excavated through the use of the endless bucket system will be conveyed upward and to an area where the buckets will empty onto the aforementioned auger or belt conveyor that will also be hydraulically powered, such system transporting the excavated material onto a spoil area adjacent and parallel to the excavation. Another advantage of such system of buckets attached to the hydraulic backhoe boom would be the various contours and curves available around objects facilitated through the swinging motion of the rotating excavator in an excavation plane parallel to the line of excavation.

A big advantage in using a hydraulic motor to drive the endless or continuous buckets would be the ability to reverse the motor when areas hard to dig or excavate are encountered that normally would either stall the direct mechanical drive and/or shear and break mechanical connections such as, for example, shear pins. Through the use of hydraulics and a simple overload relief or bypass valve installed in the line, when excessive hydraulic pressures build up, the bypass valve will take efiect.

Feed and speeds of the endless bucket apparatus attachment have a variable range as required by digging conditions encountered through the use of what is normally known as a feathering spool or similar device in the-backhoe valve controls. All controls of depth, feed, speed and crowding action of the endless bucket apparatus are capable of being controlled without major modifications in the standard hydraulic backhoe excavator. Additionally, all standard hand and foot controls would perform the near identical function when the machine was properly equipped as a backhoe, eliminating special operator instruction and fatigue.

Considering the power plants and horsepower rating of engines of existing continuous wheel or ladder type trenchers and the function of excavation which can be considered width X depth (cross section measured in square feet) 1: speed in feet per minute, there is much more power available size for size in the present backhoe-endless bucket apparatus along with the advantage of maximum digging depth facilitated through the power boom arrangement.

The trenching and digging efficiency of the present invention can be considered theoretically as I percent efficient because of its continuous nature versus a simple backhoe which only digs and excavates to a theoretical efficiency factor of approximately 50 percent. A backhoe deadheads approximately 50 percent of its total operating cycle.

The basic hydraulic backhoe boom can also be equipped with a circular wheel-type endless bucket excavator that can be used as a loading tool into trucks or haul bodies when applied to either an excavation or material handling project. Rotation of the wheel is in a plane parallel to the bank or spoil area to effect a cutting action in the course of excavation similar to a facing or end-mill operation on a machine tool.

The utility of the present backhoe-endless bucket machine is the marked reduction in capital investment required by a contractor who, heretofore, has invested not only in a backhoe, but also in a continuous trencher to do two specific types of jobs. With the present invention, the contractor will only have one major investment in the form of the backhoe, with a relatively lesser investment in the continuous or endless bucket elevator attachment.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a backhoe machine constructed in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view taken along the line 22 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged side elevational view of the endless bucket apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and showing a modification thereof;

FIG. 4 is an end elevational view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of a modified type of endless bucket apparatus of the invention;

- FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of modified chain links which may be used on the apparatus of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of another modification of the endless bucket apparatus of the invention;

FIG. 8 is an end elevational view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a side elevational view of an elongated trapezoidal configured endless bucket apparatus; I

FIG. 10 illustrates a modification of the apparatus shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 illustrates a further modification of the apparatus shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of a rectangular configured endless bucket apparatus; and

FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of a circular configured endless bucket apparatus.

Although the invention is shown and described herein with reference to backhoe machines of the track laying or rubbertired type, it will be understood that it may be applied to any type of excavating machine.

The terms and expressions which have been used are used as terms of description, and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed.

The term tractor," as used herein, includes track-laying tractors, rubber-tire tractors, farm tractor-type backhoes, and

, any excavating tractor having a boom thereon.

tive position thereon, by suitable attaching means such as, for

example, a pair of spaced parallel brackets 16 and 17 rigidly secured at their inner ends to the boom by the

bolts

18 and 19 and with such apparatus 14 rotatably secured by the bolt 20 to the outer ends of the brackets 16, 17 to permit such apparatus to rotate in a substantially vertical plane.

Longitudinal pitch in the positioning of the apparatus 14 with respect to the boom 12, as indicated by the broken arrow in FIG. 1, is provided by a hydraulic piston-cylinder mechanism 22 rotatably secured at one end to the bracket 24 on the top surface of the outer portion of the boom 12, intermediate its ends, and at its other end to the top of the apparatus 14 by means of the bracket 25 and the bolt 26. Such piston-cylinder mechanism 22 also functions to keep the apparatus 14 upright when desired. Thus, the apparatus 14 may i be selectively positioned at an angle to the vertical in the longitudinal plane of the boom 12.

Lateral pitch, as indicated by the bottom arrows in FIG. 4, is provided by a suitable rotating means'in the form of a reversible hydraulic rotator or hydraulic motor 30 (FIGS. 3 and 4) disposed between and connecting the end of the boom 12 and the apparatus 14 intermediate the ends thereof. Thus, the apparatus 14 may be positioned at an angle to the vertical in a plane at right angles to the longitudinal plane of the boom 14. Sets of

spherical bearings

31, 32 and 33 may be provided as shown, to permit free movement of the respective parts when lateral pitch is effected.

Referring now to F IG. 5, the frame of the endless bucket apparatus 14 may be formed of detachable, modular,

structural sections

34 and 35, for example, to permit forming the apparatus 14 into preselected lengths for digging trenches of preselected depths. A continuous linkage system such as, for example, an endless bucket gear chain 38 is provided on the apparatus 14 and may be driven by a reversible hydraulic gear chain motor 39 through a set of meshed coacting gears 40, 41, and 42. In FIG. 5 such motor and gears are shown positioned at the top of the apparatus 14. In Fig. 7 such motor and associated gears are all preferably positioned at the bottom of the apparatus to provide more positive drive to the digging or excavating buckets 44 disposed in spaced relation on the chain 38. Such gear chain motor 39 may be reversed to release buckets stuck in dirt or material being excavated. In FIG. 7, the coacting gears include a drive gear 45.

Dirt or material may be carried away from the excavator or apparatus 14 by a dirt feed or dirt removal auger 50 (FIG. 5) and coacting dirt removal tray.51 disposed at the top of the apparatus 14. In FIGS. 7 and 8, dirt is dumped from the buckets 44 onto an endless conveyor belt assembly 52 movable laterally to the left or right of the apparatus, as shown in FIG. 8, so that dirt may be dumped directly adjacent the apparatus in a pile 53, or in a pile 54 a substantial lateral distance from the apparatus 14, if required. FIG. 6 illustrates a modified bucket endless gear chain formed of arced or partially curved links 48 of equal size, each having gear teeth 49. Each link 48 has a pitch diameter and pressure angle the same as the drive gear. The buckets are preferably disposed on every other link of the gear chain.

Referring now to FIGS. 9 through 13, the endless bucket apparatus 14 may be triangular, trapezoidal or rectangular in longitudinal section for digging ditches of such respective shapes in transverse configuration. FIG. 9 shows a vertically elongated trapezoidal configuration 55. FIG. 10 shows a triangular configuration 56. FIG. 1 1 shows a horizontally elongated trapezoidal configuration 57. FIG. 12 shows a rectangular configuration 58. FIG. 13 shows a circular configuration 59. In this instance, the ditch is dug by disposing the apparatus in a plane at right angles to the plane of the boom and then digging to a selected depth, after which the apparatus is raised to the top of the ground and moved longitudinally of the ditch a distance equal to the width of the buckets, and again digging to the selected depth.

A positive downward depressive force (crowd) may be applied to the endless bucket apparatus 14 by a piston-cylinder mechanism 60 (FIG. 1) rotatably secured to the bracket 61 on the top of the boom 12, intermediate its ends, and at its other the piston cylinder mechanism 70 provide selective positive.

downward depressive force or crowd on the boom. The piston-cylinder mechanisms 60 and 70 are hydraulically interlocked to coact with each other in applying such depressive force to the boom.

As aforementioned, the buckets 44 (FIG. 5) through their endless bucket chain 38 may be powered by one or more hydraulic motors 39 that can be mounted on the endless bucket apparatus framework at any suitable position thereon so as to afford maximum power when and where required. The principal hydraulic power for the hydraulic motors driving the continuous or endless bucket system is supplied by a conventional pump on the prime power source of the backhoe machine 10.

I claim:

1. In a backhoe machine of the type including a tractor having a vertically adjustable boom operatively secured thereto; the combination thereof including an endless bucket excavating apparatus disposed intermediate its ends on the boom, attaching means for detachably securing the apparatus to the boom in operative position thereon, said means including a pair of spaced parallel brackets rigidly secured at their inner ends to the boom, the endless bucket apparatus being rotatively secured to the outer ends of the brackets to permit the apparatus to rotate in a vertical plane, a hydraulic pistoncylinder mechanism operatively disposed on the upper surface of the outer portion of said boom in substantially parallel relation thereon with the inner end of such mechanism being secured to the boom, said endless bucket apparatus being elongated and carried by said boom in substantially upright operative position, the outer end of the piston-cylinder mechanism being secured to the end of the endless bucket apparatus to provide longitudinal pitch in the positioning of the apparatus with respect to the boom whereby the apparatus may be selectively positioned at an angle to the vertical in the longitudinal plane of the boom, rotating means disposed between and connecting the brackets and the end of the boom to permit lateral pitch in the positioning of the elongated endless bucket apparatus whereby the apparatus may be positioned at an angle to the vertical in a plane at right angles to the longitudinal plane of the boom, said rotating means being a reversible rotary-type hydraulic motor, and further including two sets of spherical bearings operatively secured to the outer end of the brackets to allow free lateral swing of the endless bucket apparatus.

2. The structure of claim 1 wherein said endless bucket apparatus includes a frame formed of detachable modular sections to permit forming such elongated apparatus into preselected lengths for fonning trenches of preselected depths.

3. The structure of claim 1 wherein said endless bucket apparatus includes an elongated frame, an endless gear chain operatively disposed on said frame for rotation thereabout, excavating buckets operatively disposed on said chain in spaced release the buckets if they become stuck in the material being excavated.

4. The structure of claim 3 wherein the reversible hydraulic motor gears and hydraulic motor are disposed at the bottom of the upright endless bucket apparatus to give more positive drive to the digging buckets adjacent thereto.

5. The structure of claim 3 and further including a reversible endless conveyor belt assembly operatively disposed on the endless bucket apparatus so as to receive dirt from the buckets as they pass over the top of the frameand carry and dump the dirt laterally of the apparatus, said belt assembly being laterally movable with respect to the apparatus thereby enabling the belt assembly to be disposed in a preselected lateral position with respect to the endless bucket apparatus whereby dirt may be dumped laterally to the left or right of and directly adjacent the apparatus or at a substantial lateral distance from the apparatus.

6. The structure of claim 3 and further including a dirt-feed auger and coacting dirt-removal tray operatively disposed on the apparatus to receive dirt from the buckets as they pass over the top of the frame and carry and dump the dirt laterally to the left or right of the apparatus.

7. The structure of claim 3, wherein said endless gear chain is formed of arced gear links of equal size each having gear teeth, each of said links having a pitch diameter and pressure angle the same as said drive gear.

8. The structure of claim 7 wherein a bucket is disposed on every other link of said gear chain.

9. The structure of claim I wherein said endless bucket apparatus is of trapezoidal configuration in longitudinal section for digging ditches of trapezoidal shape in transverse configuration.

10. The structure of claim 1 wherein said endless bucket is of rectangular configuration in longitudinal section for digging ditches of rectangular shape in transverse configuration.

11. The structure of claim 1 wherein said endless bucket is of triangular configuration in longitudinal section for digging ditches of triangular shape in transverse configuration.

12. The structure of claim 1 wherein said endless bucket apparatus is of circular configuration in longitudinal section for digging ditches of substantially circular shape in transverse configuration.

13. The structure of claim 1 and further including a hydraulic piston-cylinder mechanism rotatably secured at one end to the boom intermediate the ends thereof and at the other end to the tractor below the point where the boom is attached to the tractor for raising and lowering the boom, and a coacting second piston-cylinder mechanism rotatably secured at one end to the boom intermediate the ends thereof and at the other end to the tractor above the point where the boom is attached to the tractor for providing positive downward depressive force on the boom.

14. The structure of claim 1 wherein the piston-cylinder mechanisms are hydraulically interlocked to coact with each other in applying a positive downward depressive force to the boom.

Claims

1. In a backhoe machine of the type including a tractor having a vertically adjustable boom operatively secured thereto; the combination thereof including an endless bucket excavating apparatus disposed intermediate its ends on the boom, attaching means for detachably securing the apparatus to the boom in operative position thereon, said means including a pair of spaced parallel brackets rigidly secured at their inner ends to the boom, the endless bucket apparatus being rotatively secured to the outer ends of the brackets to permit the apparatus to rotate in a vertical plane, a hydraulic piston-cylinder mechanism operatively disposed on the upper surface of the outer portion of said boom in substantially parallel relation thereon with the inner end of such mechanism being secured to the boom, said endless bucket apparatus being elongated and carried by said boom in substantially upright operative position, the outer end of the piston-cylinder mechanism being secured to the end of the endless bucket apparatus to provide longitudinal pitch in the positioning of the apparatus with respect to the boom whereby the apparatus may be selectively positioned at an angle to the vertical in the longitudinal plane of the boom, rotating means disposed between and connecting the brackets and the end of the boom to permit lateral pitch in the positioning of the elongated endless bucket apparatus whereby the apparatus may be positioned at an angle to the vertical in a plane at right angles to the longitudinal plane of the boom, said rotating means being a reversible rotary-type hydraulic motor, and further including two sets of spherical bearings operatively secured to the outer end of the brackets to allow free lateral swing of the endless bucket apparatus. 2. The structure of claim 1 wherein said endless bucket apparatus includes a frame formed of detachable modular sections to permit forming such elongated apparatus into preselected lengths for forming trenches of preselected depths.

3. The structure of claim 1 wherein said endless bucket apparatus includes an elongated frame, an endless gear chain operatively disposed on said frame for rotation thereabout, excavating buckets operatively disposed on said chain in spaced relation thereon for excavating, a set of coacting gears including a drive gear disposed on said frame and meshed with said chain to drive the same, and a reversible hydraulic motor disposed on said frame and meshed with said gears to drive the same whereby the chain may be rotated in one direction on the frame for excavating and may be reversed in direction to release the buckets if they become stuck in the material being excavated.

5. The structure of claim 3 and further including a reversible endless conveyor belt assembly operatively disposed on the endless bucket apparatus so as to receive dirt from the buckets as they pass over the top of the frame and carry and dump the dirt lateraLly of the apparatus, said belt assembly being laterally movable with respect to the apparatus thereby enabling the belt assembly to be disposed in a preselected lateral position with respect to the endless bucket apparatus whereby dirt may be dumped laterally to the left or right of and directly adjacent the apparatus or at a substantial lateral distance from the apparatus.

9. The structure of claim 1 wherein said endless bucket apparatus is of trapezoidal configuration in longitudinal section for digging ditches of trapezoidal shape in transverse configuration.