US3578952A - Tubular electrical heating element with a segmented helical fin - Google Patents
Tubular electrical heating element with a segmented helical fin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3578952A US3578952A US838722A US3578952DA US3578952A US 3578952 A US3578952 A US 3578952A US 838722 A US838722 A US 838722A US 3578952D A US3578952D A US 3578952DA US 3578952 A US3578952 A US 3578952A
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- Prior art keywords
- sheath
- base
- fin
- accordance
- blades
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
Definitions
- the disclosure describes a tubular electrical U-S. heating element comprising a cylindrical sheath having a heiil65/184,219/530 cal fin attached thereto.
- the cylindrical sheath includes a [51] Int.
- the fin includes a plurality of segmented L- shaped blades having a continuous base that is helically wound [56] References cued around the cylindrical surface of the sheath and is bonded UNITED STATES PATENTS thereto by a plurality of spot welds extending along the length 1,932,610 10/1933 Tilley 165/184 ofthe base.
- Finned tubular electrical heaters are designed primarily for air heating applications in (1) natural convection space heaters, (2) forced draft space heaters, including unit ventilators, duct heaters and air handling units, and (3) industrial process air heating.
- finned electrical heaters include use in resistor load banks, in process dyeing, baking and in recirculating ovens.
- Finned electrical heaters have much better heat transfer characteristics than straight walled heaters because the surface area exposed to the air or other gases for heat purposes is greatly increased by the fins.
- Prior finned tubular electrical heaters usually include cylindrical metal sheath, e.g. copper plated steel, having a fin wound around the meta] sheath in a continuous helix. The sheath and the fin are generally bonded together by copper brazing.
- This invention obviates the above-mentioned shortcomings by providing a tubular electrical heating element having a segmented fin helically wound around a cylindrical sheath and bonded thereto by a plurality of spot welds extending along the length of the base.
- the fin is fabricated from a strip of sheet metal comprising a base formed along a longitudinal edge of the strip. A plurality of blades are formed by cutting a plurality of lateral slits longitudinally spaced along the strip.
- the base of the fin extends around the cylindrical surface of the sheath in a continuous helix with the blades extending radially outward from the sheath.
- the cylindrical sheath includes a heating coil disposed within the interior of the sheath and a quantity of insulating material such as magnesium oxide compacted between the coil and the sheath to insure rapid heat dissipation from the soil to the sheath.
- the main advantage of such a device is that the welding process utilized in bonding the fin to the sheath enables the element to withstand higher temperatures heretofore impossible in prior heating elements. Moreover, because of the high bonding strength of the welds, relatively thicker gauge material can be used in forming the fin, thereby enhancing its heat transfer characteristics.
- the base of the fin can still be tightly wound around the sheath without crimping because the fin is segmented to permit the individual blade to separate as the base is wound around the sheath. Not only does this permit more efficient heat transfer, but the continuous engagement of the base with the sheath prevents any burnthrough of the base during the welding process.
- segmented finned heaters create more turbulence than continuous finned tubulars, thereby achieving a much higher performance, i.e. higher heat transfer coefficrents.
- Another important advantage of using the welding process is that the fin forming and the welding process can be carried out in a single step, thereby making the manufacturing process simpler and less expensive. Furthermore, since the welding process can be utilized on a broader range of materials than the brazing process, a larger selection of materials is available in forming the fin.
- the device fulfills a primary object of the invention, i.e. to provide a finned tubular electrical heating element that is easier and more practical to produce and is capable of operating more efficiently in temperature ranges heretofore impossible.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a segmented finned tubular with a portion of the fin broken away and shown in section;
- FIG. 2 is a top elevational view of the segmented finned tubular with the sheath shown in cross section;
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of a strip of the segmented pin prior to the formation and assembly.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a tubular electrical heating element, generally indicated by arrow 10, having a cylindrical metal sheath 11 and a segmented fin l2 helically attached thereto.
- the metal sheath 11 is usually copper plated steel and includes a length of high grade resistance wire 13 precisely centered therein.
- the length of wire can be of any configuration although a coil or a helical configuration is preferred.
- the length of wire 13 is electrically insulated from the metal sheath 11 by a quantity of magnesium oxide I4 compacted within the sheath 11. Such an oxide 14 also insures rapid heat dissipation from the wire 13 to the sheath 11.
- the ends of the sheath terminate into a pair of terminals having means forming conventional electricalconnections for the heating wire.
- the fin 12 is usually made of copper plated steel and includes a continuous base 15 which is helically wound around the cylindrical surface of the sheath. A plurality of blades 16 are formed at the base thereof and extend radially outward therefrom.
- the fin I2 is made from an elongated strip of metal.
- the base 15 of the tin is formed along an edge 17 of the strip with the blades 16 formed by cutting a plurality of lateral slits l8 longitudinally spaced along the entire length thereof.
- the cuts or slits 18 extend to the base 15 of the fin 12 with the blades 16 being defined th'erebetween. It is preferable that the width of the blades 16 be cut to a narrow width of approximately five sixty-fourths of an inch, the advantage of which will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter.
- the blades 16 are rolled or bent at their roots approximately to the base 15 to form an L-shaped segmented fin.
- the base 15 of the fin 12 is then helically wound around the cylindrical surface of the sheath 11 with the blades 16 extending radially outward therefrom. Since the blades 16 are segmented and can separate freely without crimping as the base 15 is wound around the sheath 11, the base 15 can lie flush with the cylindrical surface of the sheath 1 1 without having any gaps formed therebetween caused by blade crimping. Furthermore, the widths of the blades 16 are relatively smaller than the diameter of the sheath 11, which also permits the base 15 to be wrapped tightly around the sheath ll without blade crimping.
- the base 15 l Upon winding the base 15 around the sheath ll, the base 15 l is then welded to the cylindrical surface of the sheath 11.
- the preferred embodiment shows a plurality of spot welds 19 extending intermittently along the length of the base 15.
- the forming of the base 15 and the welding thereof to the sheath is carried out by a single-step process utilizing a welding wheel. It should be noted since the bonding strength of the welds 19 is great, a relatively thicker gauge of material can be utilized in making the fin 12. However, even though a thicker fin is utilized, the base 15 can still be tightly drawn around the sheath ll because of the separation of the segmented blades 16 as the base 15 is wound thereupon.
- the primary advantage of utilizing a welding process in bonding the fin to the sheath is that the heating element is capable of operating in higher temperature ranges than elements bonded by a brazing process.
- the selection of materials for forming the fin is larger since the welding process can bond a greater variety of different materials.
- finned tube heaters in accordance with the present invention, can be manufactured quite easily and inexpensively, and can operate efficiently in temperature ranges heretofore impossible with prior heating elements.
- a tubular electrical heating element comprising:
- a cylindrical sheath having a heating wire disposed within the interior of said sheath and a quantity of insulating material compacted between said wire and said sheath;
- a tin fabricated from a strip of sheet metal comprising a base formed along a longitudinal edge of the strip, and a plurality of blades formed by cutting a plurality of lateral slits longitudinally spaced along the strip, said blades subtending an included angle with respect to said base, the base of the fin extending around the cylindrical surface of the sheath in a continuous helix with the blades extending radially outward from said sheath, the width of each blade is narrower than the diameter of said sheath to permit the base to lie flush with the cylindrical surface of the sheath without having the blade crimp, said blades subtend an included angle of approximately from said base; and
- weld means extending along the length of the base for bonding said base to the cylindrical surface of said sheath.
- said weld means includes a plurality of spot welds extending along the length of the base.
- said weld means includes a continuous weld extending along the length of the base.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
The disclosure describes a tubular electrical heating element comprising a cylindrical sheath having a helical fin attached thereto. The cylindrical sheath includes a heating coil disposed within the interior of the sheath and a quantity of insulating material compacted between the coil and the sheath. The fin includes a plurality of segmented L-shaped blades having a continuous base that is helically wound around the cylindrical surface of the sheath and is bonded thereto by a plurality of spot welds extending along the length of the base.
Description
United States Patent [72] Inventor Robert C. Boose 1,997,844 4/1935 Wiegand 219/540X Mayes, Okla. 2,646,972 7/1953 Schmid 165/184 [21] Appl. No. 838,722 2,767,288 10/1956 Lennox 338/238 [22] Filed June 5, 1969 3,089,016 5/1963 Kelly 219/540 [45] Patented May 18, 1971 3,362,058 l/1968 Morris et a1. 165/184X [73] Assignee Escoa Fintube Corporation FOREIGN PATENTS Pryor, Okla.
893,064 l/1944 France 165/184 Primary Examiner-Volodymyr Y. Mayewsky 541 TUBULAR ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENT Alwmeylaekson & Jones WITH A SEGMENTED HELICAL FIN 7 Claims,3Dra F wmg [gs ABSTRACT: The disclosure describes a tubular electrical U-S. heating element comprising a cylindrical sheath having a heiil65/184,219/530 cal fin attached thereto. The cylindrical sheath includes a [51] Int. Cl H05b 3/50 h ti il di d within the interior of the sheath and a [50] Fleld 0f sfill'ch 219/530, quantity of insulating material compacted between the coil 540, 4309; 165/184;333/23842 and the sheath. The fin includes a plurality of segmented L- shaped blades having a continuous base that is helically wound [56] References cued around the cylindrical surface of the sheath and is bonded UNITED STATES PATENTS thereto by a plurality of spot welds extending along the length 1,932,610 10/1933 Tilley 165/184 ofthe base.
K w 1 w 1 l s i Q 1 /z f 1 5 i V,, I ll .lllll Patentd May18, 1971 3,513,952
INVIEN'I'UR.
v I Parzzr J 5001; 1 By TUBULAR ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENT WITH A SEGMENTED I-IELICAL FIN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to heat exchangers and more particularly to finned tubular electrical heaters.
2. Description of the Prior Art Finned tubular electrical heaters are designed primarily for air heating applications in (1) natural convection space heaters, (2) forced draft space heaters, including unit ventilators, duct heaters and air handling units, and (3) industrial process air heating.
Other uses for finned electrical heaters include use in resistor load banks, in process dyeing, baking and in recirculating ovens.
Finned electrical heaters have much better heat transfer characteristics than straight walled heaters because the surface area exposed to the air or other gases for heat purposes is greatly increased by the fins. Prior finned tubular electrical heaters usually include cylindrical metal sheath, e.g. copper plated steel, having a fin wound around the meta] sheath in a continuous helix. The sheath and the fin are generally bonded together by copper brazing.
Although these prior finned heaters are used extensively, various difficulties are encountered in their manufacture and use.
The most serious shortcoming lies in the brazing process utilized in bonding the fin to the sheath. Because the solder can not withstand high temperatures, the heating element is, of course, limited to low temperature ranges. Moreover, because of the low bonding strength of brazing, relatively thin gauge material must be utilized in making the fin. This also limits the fin to low temperature ranges, with the added disadvantage that the thin fin has relatively poorer heat transfer characteristics.
Another important disadvantage is the high cost involved in manufacturing these heating elements. In attaching the fin to the sheath, two steps are necessary, i.e. (l) the fin must be formed into a helix and wound around the sheath, and (2) the solder must then be applied at the base of the fin and the entire element placed in an oven for heating. Such a process not only is costly but is time consuming as well. Moreover; the range of materials that can be bonded by the brazing process is limited. As a result, finned tubular heaters are severely limited. As a result, finned tubular heaters are severely limited as to their practical range of utilization.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention obviates the above-mentioned shortcomings by providing a tubular electrical heating element having a segmented fin helically wound around a cylindrical sheath and bonded thereto by a plurality of spot welds extending along the length of the base. The fin is fabricated from a strip of sheet metal comprising a base formed along a longitudinal edge of the strip. A plurality of blades are formed by cutting a plurality of lateral slits longitudinally spaced along the strip. The base of the fin extends around the cylindrical surface of the sheath in a continuous helix with the blades extending radially outward from the sheath. The cylindrical sheath includes a heating coil disposed within the interior of the sheath and a quantity of insulating material such as magnesium oxide compacted between the coil and the sheath to insure rapid heat dissipation from the soil to the sheath.
The main advantage of such a device is that the welding process utilized in bonding the fin to the sheath enables the element to withstand higher temperatures heretofore impossible in prior heating elements. Moreover, because of the high bonding strength of the welds, relatively thicker gauge material can be used in forming the fin, thereby enhancing its heat transfer characteristics.
Although thicker material is utilized, the base of the fin can still be tightly wound around the sheath without crimping because the fin is segmented to permit the individual blade to separate as the base is wound around the sheath. Not only does this permit more efficient heat transfer, but the continuous engagement of the base with the sheath prevents any burnthrough of the base during the welding process.
Moreover, these segmented finned heaters create more turbulence than continuous finned tubulars, thereby achieving a much higher performance, i.e. higher heat transfer coefficrents.
Another important advantage of using the welding process is that the fin forming and the welding process can be carried out in a single step, thereby making the manufacturing process simpler and less expensive. Furthermore, since the welding process can be utilized on a broader range of materials than the brazing process, a larger selection of materials is available in forming the fin.
Thus, the device fulfills a primary object of the invention, i.e. to provide a finned tubular electrical heating element that is easier and more practical to produce and is capable of operating more efficiently in temperature ranges heretofore impossible.
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a segmented finned tubular with a portion of the fin broken away and shown in section;
FIG. 2 is a top elevational view of the segmented finned tubular with the sheath shown in cross section; and
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a strip of the segmented pin prior to the formation and assembly.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to the drawings, FIGS. 1 and 2 show a tubular electrical heating element, generally indicated by arrow 10, having a cylindrical metal sheath 11 and a segmented fin l2 helically attached thereto. The metal sheath 11 is usually copper plated steel and includes a length of high grade resistance wire 13 precisely centered therein. The length of wire can be of any configuration although a coil or a helical configuration is preferred. The length of wire 13 is electrically insulated from the metal sheath 11 by a quantity of magnesium oxide I4 compacted within the sheath 11. Such an oxide 14 also insures rapid heat dissipation from the wire 13 to the sheath 11. The ends of the sheath (not shown) terminate into a pair of terminals having means forming conventional electricalconnections for the heating wire. The fin 12 is usually made of copper plated steel and includes a continuous base 15 which is helically wound around the cylindrical surface of the sheath. A plurality of blades 16 are formed at the base thereof and extend radially outward therefrom.
As shown in FIG. 3 the fin I2 is made from an elongated strip of metal. The base 15 of the tin is formed along an edge 17 of the strip with the blades 16 formed by cutting a plurality of lateral slits l8 longitudinally spaced along the entire length thereof. The cuts or slits 18 extend to the base 15 of the fin 12 with the blades 16 being defined th'erebetween. It is preferable that the width of the blades 16 be cut to a narrow width of approximately five sixty-fourths of an inch, the advantage of which will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter. In assembling the fin 12, the blades 16 are rolled or bent at their roots approximately to the base 15 to form an L-shaped segmented fin.
Referring back to FIGS. I and 2, the base 15 of the fin 12 is then helically wound around the cylindrical surface of the sheath 11 with the blades 16 extending radially outward therefrom. Since the blades 16 are segmented and can separate freely without crimping as the base 15 is wound around the sheath 11, the base 15 can lie flush with the cylindrical surface of the sheath 1 1 without having any gaps formed therebetween caused by blade crimping. Furthermore, the widths of the blades 16 are relatively smaller than the diameter of the sheath 11, which also permits the base 15 to be wrapped tightly around the sheath ll without blade crimping.
Upon winding the base 15 around the sheath ll, the base 15 l is then welded to the cylindrical surface of the sheath 11. Although a continuous weld could be utilized, the preferred embodiment shows a plurality of spot welds 19 extending intermittently along the length of the base 15. Although not shown, the forming of the base 15 and the welding thereof to the sheath is carried out by a single-step process utilizing a welding wheel. It should be noted since the bonding strength of the welds 19 is great, a relatively thicker gauge of material can be utilized in making the fin 12. However, even though a thicker fin is utilized, the base 15 can still be tightly drawn around the sheath ll because of the separation of the segmented blades 16 as the base 15 is wound thereupon.
An important advantage of having the base 15 lying flush against the cylindrical surface of the sheath 11 is that the heat generated by the welds 19 on the base 15 is carried off by the sheath, thereby eliminating the possibility of the welds l9 burning through the base 15.
The primary advantage of utilizing a welding process in bonding the fin to the sheath is that the heating element is capable of operating in higher temperature ranges than elements bonded by a brazing process.
Moreover, the selection of materials for forming the fin is larger since the welding process can bond a greater variety of different materials.
As can be seen, finned tube heaters, in accordance with the present invention, can be manufactured quite easily and inexpensively, and can operate efficiently in temperature ranges heretofore impossible with prior heating elements.
I claim:
I. A tubular electrical heating element comprising:
a cylindrical sheath having a heating wire disposed within the interior of said sheath and a quantity of insulating material compacted between said wire and said sheath;
a tin fabricated from a strip of sheet metal comprising a base formed along a longitudinal edge of the strip, and a plurality of blades formed by cutting a plurality of lateral slits longitudinally spaced along the strip, said blades subtending an included angle with respect to said base, the base of the fin extending around the cylindrical surface of the sheath in a continuous helix with the blades extending radially outward from said sheath, the width of each blade is narrower than the diameter of said sheath to permit the base to lie flush with the cylindrical surface of the sheath without having the blade crimp, said blades subtend an included angle of approximately from said base; and
weld means extending along the length of the base for bonding said base to the cylindrical surface of said sheath.
2. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said weld means includes a plurality of spot welds extending along the length of the base.
3. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said weld means includes a continuous weld extending along the length of the base.
4. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein the width of the blade is approximately five sixty-fourths of an inch.
5. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein the sheath is made of copper plated steel.
6. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said fin is made of copper plated steel.
7. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said quantity of insulating material is magnesium oxide.
Claims (7)
1. A tubular electrical heating element comprising: a cylindrical sheath having a heating wire disposed within the interior of said sheath and a quantity of insulating material compacted between said wire and said sheath; a fin fabricated from a strip of sheet metal comprising a base formed along a longitudinal edge of the strip, and a plurality of blades formed by cutting a plurality of lateral slits longitudinally spaced along the strip, said blades subtending an included angle with respect to said base, the base of the fin extending around the cylindrical surface of the sheath in a continuous helix with the blades extending radially outward from said sheath, the width of each blade is narrower than the diameter of said sheath to permit the base to lie flush with the cylindrical surface of the sheath without having the blade crimp, said blades subtend an incLuded angle of approximately 90* from said base; and weld means extending along the length of the base for bonding said base to the cylindrical surface of said sheath.
2. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said weld means includes a plurality of spot welds extending along the length of the base.
3. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said weld means includes a continuous weld extending along the length of the base.
4. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein the width of the blade is approximately five sixty-fourths of an inch.
5. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein the sheath is made of copper plated steel.
6. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said fin is made of copper plated steel.
7. The invention in accordance with claim 1 wherein said quantity of insulating material is magnesium oxide.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83872269A | 1969-06-05 | 1969-06-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3578952A true US3578952A (en) | 1971-05-18 |
Family
ID=25277888
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US838722A Expired - Lifetime US3578952A (en) | 1969-06-05 | 1969-06-05 | Tubular electrical heating element with a segmented helical fin |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3578952A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4405160A (en) * | 1980-07-24 | 1983-09-20 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Hose joint with cooling fins |
| US4877087A (en) * | 1984-08-16 | 1989-10-31 | Sundstrand Heat Transfer, Inc. | Segmented fin heat exchanger core |
| US5033544A (en) * | 1985-08-21 | 1991-07-23 | Abbott Roy W | Looped fin heat exchanger and method for making same |
| US20050011125A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | Ultracell Corporation, A California Corporation | Annular fuel processor and methods |
| US20050231868A1 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2005-10-20 | Kouken Company, Limited | Dry-type high-voltage load system device and method for preventing chain disconnection/arc discharge of the device |
| US20060097840A1 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2006-05-11 | Kouken Company, Limited | High pressure resistance body element |
| US20060156627A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-07-20 | Ultracell Corporation | Fuel processor for use with portable fuel cells |
| US8821832B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2014-09-02 | UltraCell, L.L.C. | Fuel processor for use with portable fuel cells |
| US20190360276A1 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-11-28 | Michael J. Davis | System and method for heating the ground |
| US12181227B2 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2024-12-31 | Dana Canada Corporation | Heat exchangers with integrated electrical heating elements and with multiple fluid flow passages |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1932610A (en) * | 1932-10-25 | 1933-10-31 | Tilley Edwin Frost | Radiation device |
| US1997844A (en) * | 1932-01-08 | 1935-04-16 | Edwin L Wiegand | Electric resistance heating element |
| FR893064A (en) * | 1942-05-04 | 1944-05-30 | Brown | Finned tube for heat exchangers, provided with sheet metal fins in the form of radiating arms |
| US2646972A (en) * | 1950-02-04 | 1953-07-28 | Knapp Monarch Co | Fin type radiator |
| US2767288A (en) * | 1954-04-26 | 1956-10-16 | Gen Electric | Electric heating unit |
| US3089016A (en) * | 1959-08-17 | 1963-05-07 | Ferro Corp | Heating unit |
| US3362058A (en) * | 1965-01-05 | 1968-01-09 | Americna Machine & Foundry Com | Welding metal fins in place |
-
1969
- 1969-06-05 US US838722A patent/US3578952A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1997844A (en) * | 1932-01-08 | 1935-04-16 | Edwin L Wiegand | Electric resistance heating element |
| US1932610A (en) * | 1932-10-25 | 1933-10-31 | Tilley Edwin Frost | Radiation device |
| FR893064A (en) * | 1942-05-04 | 1944-05-30 | Brown | Finned tube for heat exchangers, provided with sheet metal fins in the form of radiating arms |
| US2646972A (en) * | 1950-02-04 | 1953-07-28 | Knapp Monarch Co | Fin type radiator |
| US2767288A (en) * | 1954-04-26 | 1956-10-16 | Gen Electric | Electric heating unit |
| US3089016A (en) * | 1959-08-17 | 1963-05-07 | Ferro Corp | Heating unit |
| US3362058A (en) * | 1965-01-05 | 1968-01-09 | Americna Machine & Foundry Com | Welding metal fins in place |
Cited By (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4405160A (en) * | 1980-07-24 | 1983-09-20 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Hose joint with cooling fins |
| US4877087A (en) * | 1984-08-16 | 1989-10-31 | Sundstrand Heat Transfer, Inc. | Segmented fin heat exchanger core |
| US5033544A (en) * | 1985-08-21 | 1991-07-23 | Abbott Roy W | Looped fin heat exchanger and method for making same |
| US20060097840A1 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2006-05-11 | Kouken Company, Limited | High pressure resistance body element |
| US7218201B2 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2007-05-15 | Kouken Company, Limited | High pressure resistance body element |
| AU2003296177B2 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2007-03-22 | Kouken Company, Limited | High pressure resistance body element |
| US20090071072A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2009-03-19 | Ultracell Corporation | Planar micro fuel processor |
| US7462208B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2008-12-09 | Ultracell Corporation | Planar micro fuel processor |
| US8821832B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2014-09-02 | UltraCell, L.L.C. | Fuel processor for use with portable fuel cells |
| US20050022448A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-02-03 | Ultracell Corporation | Planar micro fuel processor |
| US20070294941A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2007-12-27 | Ultracell Corporation | Fuel processor dewar and methods |
| US20080008646A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2008-01-10 | Ultracell Corporation | Portable fuel processor |
| US20080016767A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2008-01-24 | Ultracell Corporation | Fuel processor for use with portable fuel cells |
| US7807130B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2010-10-05 | Ultracell Corporation | Fuel processor dewar and methods |
| US20050011125A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | Ultracell Corporation, A California Corporation | Annular fuel processor and methods |
| US20110020197A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2011-01-27 | Ultracell Corporation | Portable fuel processor |
| US7604673B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2009-10-20 | Ultracell Corporation | Annular fuel processor and methods |
| US20060156627A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-07-20 | Ultracell Corporation | Fuel processor for use with portable fuel cells |
| US7807129B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2010-10-05 | Ultracell Corporation | Portable fuel processor |
| US20100047139A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2010-02-25 | Ultracell Corporation | Fuel processor for use with portable cells |
| US20090289656A1 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2009-11-26 | Kouken Company, Limited | Dry-type high-voltage load system apparatus and method of preventing chain breaking and arc discharge for use therewith |
| US20100039212A1 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2010-02-18 | Kouken Company, Limited | Dry-type high-voltage load system apparatus and method of preventing chain breaking and arc discharge for use therewith |
| US7847439B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2010-12-07 | Kouken Company, Limited | Dry-type high-voltage load system apparatus and method of preventing chain breaking and arc discharge for use therewith |
| US7535126B2 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2009-05-19 | Kouken Company, Limited | Dry-type high-voltage load system device and method for preventing chain disconnection/arc discharge of the device |
| US7884505B2 (en) | 2003-07-08 | 2011-02-08 | Kouken Company, Limited | Dry-type high-voltage load system apparatus and method of preventing chain breaking and arc discharge for use therewith |
| US20050231868A1 (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2005-10-20 | Kouken Company, Limited | Dry-type high-voltage load system device and method for preventing chain disconnection/arc discharge of the device |
| US20190360276A1 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-11-28 | Michael J. Davis | System and method for heating the ground |
| US10669782B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2020-06-02 | Michael J. Davis | System and method for heating the ground |
| US12181227B2 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2024-12-31 | Dana Canada Corporation | Heat exchangers with integrated electrical heating elements and with multiple fluid flow passages |
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