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US3576210A - Heat pipe - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3576210A
US3576210A US884852A US3576210DA US3576210A US 3576210 A US3576210 A US 3576210A US 884852 A US884852 A US 884852A US 3576210D A US3576210D A US 3576210DA US 3576210 A US3576210 A US 3576210A
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United States
Prior art keywords
heat pipe
rods
wick
fine mesh
mesh screen
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US884852A
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Donald S Trent
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2200/00—Prediction; Simulation; Testing
    • F28F2200/005—Testing heat pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49353—Heat pipe device making

Definitions

  • Cl F28d 15/00 a single row of small-diameter rods disposed about the [50] Field of Search 165/ 1 O5 periphery of the heat pipe, each of the rods being wrapped in a spiral spacer wire, a cylindrical fine mesh screen located just [56] References C'ted inside the single row of rods, and a coarse support screen UNITED STATES PATENTS located just inside the fine mesh screen.
  • This invention relates to a heat-transfer device.
  • the invention relates to a heat-transfer device of the type commonly known as a heat pipe.
  • the invention relates to a wick for a heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe is a high-flux, heat transport device which utilizes the evaporation, condensation, and surface tension of a working fluid to attain an exceptionally high thermal conductivity.
  • a liquid is evaporated in a hot zone of the heat pipe, the gas thus formed flows to a cold zone where it is condensed, and the liquid flows back to the hot zone through a wick under the influence of capillary forces.
  • the heat pipe can transfer over 500 times as much thermal energy per unit weight as can a solid thermal conductor of the same crms section.
  • the heat pipe is simple, relatively inexpensive and operates silently and reliably over a long lifetime. Thermal energy may be transferred to or from a heat pipe by radiation, convection or conduction; it can be used with a variety of energy sources, such as open flames, electric heaters or nuclear sources.
  • the only structural elements required to fonn a heat pipe are a closed outer shell, a porous capillary wick and a working fluid.
  • the outer tube of the heat pipe is normally circular in cross section and may be formed of glass or a variety of metals.
  • the working fluid may be, for example, water, an organic liquid, ammonia, a molten salt or a molten metal.
  • Performance of a heat pipe is greatly dependent upon the wick design, since the wick is the capillary pump for fluid return to the hot zone.
  • the desirable features of a heat pipe wick include:
  • wick design has undergone three major stages of development, namely mesh, channel and screened channel.
  • a mesh wick consists of one or more layers of fine screen pressed closely against the wall of the heat pipe; a channel wick is a series of small axial grooves in the'wall of the heat pipe and a screen channel includes a screen mesh fitting tightly over axial channels in the wall of the heat pipe.
  • Recent variants on these wick designs include artery wicks and annular wicks.
  • An artery wick includes a liquid return conduit whose wall is simply a fine screen and an annular wick is merely a fine screen tube standing at a desired distance from the pipe wall.
  • a heat pipe incorporating a wick consisting of a single row of small-diameter rods disposed around the periphery of the heat pipe, the rods being spaced one from the other and from the inner wall of the heat pipe by spacer wires wound spirally around the rods, a fine mesh cylindrical screen located just inside the row of rods and a coarse support screen located just inside the fine mesh screen.
  • a conventional working fluid is also employed.
  • FIG. I is a vertical cross section of a heat pipe constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a horizontal section thereof taken on the line 2-2 in FIG. I.
  • the heat pipe includes an elongated, cylindrical tube l0, closed at both ends by end caps 11, and a cylindrical wick 12 disposed within the pipe about its periphery and extending the length of the pipe.
  • Wick 12 comprises a single ring of small-diameter rods 13 spaced one from the other and from the inner wall of tube 10 by spacer wires 14 wound spirally around the rods.
  • a cylindrical wire mesh 15 Just inside of the ring of rods 13 is a cylindrical wire mesh 15 having small-diameter openings therein.
  • a cylindrical coarse wire screen 16 is disposed just inside of wire mesh 15 and serves to hold mesh 15 against rods 13 and the entire wick 12 against the inner wall of tube 10.
  • the working fluid may be, for example, sodium.
  • the operational characteristics of a sodium heat pipe of this type were investigated.
  • the heat pipe used inthese experiments was constructed of type 316 stainless steel.
  • the tube employed was Wt inches in inside diameter and 18 inches long. Inside the tube were a ring of IIIG-inch-diameter rods wire wrapped with lO-mil wire to space them apart. Inside the solid rods two layers of IOU-mesh screen were followed by a support screen. One end of the tube was heated by an induction coil and the other end was cooled by two stainless steel water-cooled collars.
  • the heat pipe was then operated in what may be considered a normal way by applying power and turning on one of the cooling coils after all the sodium in the heat pipe was molten. After turning on the cooling coil the power was slowly increased until dryout occurred. Until dryout occurred, the heat pipe behaved satisfactorily and in normal fashion in transferring heat from the hot end of the pipe to the cold end. After these first tests, attempts were made to get to dryout prematurely and to see just how easily the wick does rewet after dryout. At a rate of heat removal of L060 watts, the power was increased and a decrease in performance of the wick was noticed. No settings were changed and after an hour the wick had recovered and was operating at 1,140 watts. This is the first experimental observation of spontaneous rewetting without taking any power decrease.
  • the dimensions within the wick and of the heat pipe are not critical.
  • the rods must, of course, be small enough relative to the size of the heat pipe to provide sufficient vapor space.
  • the width of the wire wrap must be less than the diameter of the rod. The only limits on the overall dimensions of the heat pipe are those applying to all heat pipes due to the fundamental character of the device.
  • a heat pipe comprising an elongated cylindrical housing containing a wick consisting of a single row of small-diameter mesh screen located just inside the row of rods, a coarse support screen located just inside the fine mesh screen, said housing containing a low-melting metal as working fluid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A heat pipe incorporates a novel wick including a single row of small-diameter rods disposed about the periphery of the heat pipe, each of the rods being wrapped in a spiral spacer wire, a cylindrical fine mesh screen located just inside the single row of rods, and a coarse support screen located just inside the fine mesh screen. A conventional working fluid such as sodium is employed in the heat pipe.

Description

States Patent [72] lnventor Donald S. Trent 3,414,475 12/1968 Fibelmann 165/105X Corvallis, Oreg- FOREIGN PATENTS [21] P 884,852 607,717 9/1948 Great Britain 165/172 [22] Filed Dec. 15,1969 1451 Patented Apr. 27, 1971 OTHER REFERENCES [73] Assignee The United States of America as represented Kem'me, J. E. HEAT PIPE CAPABILITY EXPERIMENTS, by the United States Atomic Energy Proceedings of Joint AEC/Sandia Laboratories Heat Pipe Commission Conference, Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N.M., 10/1966 Vol.
1, pgs. 14 to 24, Microfische SC-M-66-623 Primary Examiner-Albert W. Davis, Jr. [5 Att0rney-Roland Anderson 1 Claim, 2 Drawing Figs. [52] US. Cl 165/105 ABSTRACT: A heat pipe incorporates a novel wick including [51] Int. Cl F28d 15/00 a single row of small-diameter rods disposed about the [50] Field of Search 165/ 1 O5 periphery of the heat pipe, each of the rods being wrapped in a spiral spacer wire, a cylindrical fine mesh screen located just [56] References C'ted inside the single row of rods, and a coarse support screen UNITED STATES PATENTS located just inside the fine mesh screen. A conventional work- 3,378,449 4/1968 Roberts et al 165/105X s fluid such as Sodium is p y in the heat P p ,IIIIIIIIIIIII HEAT mp1s CONTRACTUAL ORIGIN OF THE INVENTION The invention described herein was made in the course of, or under, a contract with the United States Atomic Energy Commission.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a heat-transfer device. In more detail, the invention relates to a heat-transfer device of the type commonly known as a heat pipe. In still more detail, the invention relates to a wick for a heat pipe.
The heat pipe is a high-flux, heat transport device which utilizes the evaporation, condensation, and surface tension of a working fluid to attain an exceptionally high thermal conductivity. A liquid is evaporated in a hot zone of the heat pipe, the gas thus formed flows to a cold zone where it is condensed, and the liquid flows back to the hot zone through a wick under the influence of capillary forces. The heat pipe can transfer over 500 times as much thermal energy per unit weight as can a solid thermal conductor of the same crms section. The heat pipe is simple, relatively inexpensive and operates silently and reliably over a long lifetime. Thermal energy may be transferred to or from a heat pipe by radiation, convection or conduction; it can be used with a variety of energy sources, such as open flames, electric heaters or nuclear sources.
The only structural elements required to fonn a heat pipe are a closed outer shell, a porous capillary wick and a working fluid. The outer tube of the heat pipe is normally circular in cross section and may be formed of glass or a variety of metals. The working fluid may be, for example, water, an organic liquid, ammonia, a molten salt or a molten metal.
Performance of a heat pipe is greatly dependent upon the wick design, since the wick is the capillary pump for fluid return to the hot zone.
The desirable features of a heat pipe wick include:
1. Low viscous drag in the capillary structure.
2. Small pore sizes at liquid-vapor interfaces to maximize capillary suction pressure.
3. A fairly rigid barrier to separate the liquid and vapor phases so that momentum interchange is minimized between the liquid and vapor phases.
4. Ease of wick saturation and wettability.
Several different types of wicks have been developed but, due largely to the sometimes conflicting desirable features listed above, no single design appears ideally suited for all applications.
As pointed out in UCRL-50453, A Critical Review of Heat Pipe Theory and Applications," by Henry Cheung, wick design has undergone three major stages of development, namely mesh, channel and screened channel. A mesh wick consists of one or more layers of fine screen pressed closely against the wall of the heat pipe; a channel wick is a series of small axial grooves in the'wall of the heat pipe and a screen channel includes a screen mesh fitting tightly over axial channels in the wall of the heat pipe. Recent variants on these wick designs include artery wicks and annular wicks. An artery wick includes a liquid return conduit whose wall is simply a fine screen and an annular wick is merely a fine screen tube standing at a desired distance from the pipe wall.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to develop a heat pipe of novel design.
It is also an object of the present invention to develop a heat pipe which is easy to build.
It is another object of the present invention to develop a heat pipe including a wick which transmits substantial quantities of liquid with alow pressure drop and which is easy to rewet.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These and other objects of the present invention are attained in a heat pipe incorporating a wick consisting of a single row of small-diameter rods disposed around the periphery of the heat pipe, the rods being spaced one from the other and from the inner wall of the heat pipe by spacer wires wound spirally around the rods, a fine mesh cylindrical screen located just inside the row of rods and a coarse support screen located just inside the fine mesh screen. A conventional working fluid is also employed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The invention will next be described in connection with the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. I is a vertical cross section of a heat pipe constructed in accordance with the present invention, and
FIG. 2 is a horizontal section thereof taken on the line 2-2 in FIG. I.
As shown in the drawing, the heat pipe includes an elongated, cylindrical tube l0, closed at both ends by end caps 11, and a cylindrical wick 12 disposed within the pipe about its periphery and extending the length of the pipe. Wick 12 comprises a single ring of small-diameter rods 13 spaced one from the other and from the inner wall of tube 10 by spacer wires 14 wound spirally around the rods. Just inside of the ring of rods 13 is a cylindrical wire mesh 15 having small-diameter openings therein. A cylindrical coarse wire screen 16 is disposed just inside of wire mesh 15 and serves to hold mesh 15 against rods 13 and the entire wick 12 against the inner wall of tube 10. It will be appreciated that a working fluid, not shown in the drawing, is necessary for operation of the heat pipe. The working fluid may be, for example, sodium.
The operational characteristics of a sodium heat pipe of this type were investigated. The heat pipe used inthese experiments was constructed of type 316 stainless steel. The tube employed was Wt inches in inside diameter and 18 inches long. Inside the tube were a ring of IIIG-inch-diameter rods wire wrapped with lO-mil wire to space them apart. Inside the solid rods two layers of IOU-mesh screen were followed by a support screen. One end of the tube was heated by an induction coil and the other end was cooled by two stainless steel water-cooled collars.
Once the wick was made and inserted in the outer tube, the end caps, an inner tube for instrumentation and auxiliary filling and evacuating assembly were welded on. The entire assembly was then vacuum degassed at l,200 F. Thirty-five grams of sodium was then distilled into the heat pipe, and the end tube was pinched off and welded shut.
The heat pipe was then operated in what may be considered a normal way by applying power and turning on one of the cooling coils after all the sodium in the heat pipe was molten. After turning on the cooling coil the power was slowly increased until dryout occurred. Until dryout occurred, the heat pipe behaved satisfactorily and in normal fashion in transferring heat from the hot end of the pipe to the cold end. After these first tests, attempts were made to get to dryout prematurely and to see just how easily the wick does rewet after dryout. At a rate of heat removal of L060 watts, the power was increased and a decrease in performance of the wick was noticed. No settings were changed and after an hour the wick had recovered and was operating at 1,140 watts. This is the first experimental observation of spontaneous rewetting without taking any power decrease.
The dimensions within the wick and of the heat pipe are not critical. The rods must, of course, be small enough relative to the size of the heat pipe to provide sufficient vapor space. The width of the wire wrap must be less than the diameter of the rod. The only limits on the overall dimensions of the heat pipe are those applying to all heat pipes due to the fundamental character of the device.
It will be understood thatthe invention is not to be limited by the details given herein but that it may be modified within the scope of the appended claim.
Iclaim:
II. A heat pipe comprising an elongated cylindrical housing containing a wick consisting of a single row of small-diameter mesh screen located just inside the row of rods, a coarse support screen located just inside the fine mesh screen, said housing containing a low-melting metal as working fluid.

Claims (1)

1. A heat pipe comprising an elongated cylindrical housing containing a wick consisting of a single row of small-diameter rods disposed about the periphery of the housing, said rods being spaced from each other and from the wall of the housing by wires wrapped spirally around the rods, a cylindrical fine mesh screen located just inside the row of rods, a coarse support screen located just inside the fine mesh screen, said housing containing a low-melting metal as working fluid.
US884852A 1969-12-15 1969-12-15 Heat pipe Expired - Lifetime US3576210A (en)

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Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3786861A (en) * 1971-04-12 1974-01-22 Battelle Memorial Institute Heat pipes
US3811496A (en) * 1971-11-06 1974-05-21 Philips Corp Heat transfer device
US3834457A (en) * 1971-01-18 1974-09-10 Bendix Corp Laminated heat pipe and method of manufacture
JPS5049064U (en) * 1973-08-31 1975-05-14
US4109709A (en) * 1973-09-12 1978-08-29 Suzuki Metal Industrial Co, Ltd. Heat pipes, process and apparatus for manufacturing same
EP0058628A2 (en) * 1981-02-13 1982-08-25 Yvan Aragou Heat exchanger with capillary structure for refrigerating machines and/or heat pumps
US4515207A (en) * 1984-05-30 1985-05-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Monogroove heat pipe design: insulated liquid channel with bridging wick
US4877082A (en) * 1989-04-13 1989-10-31 United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator, National Aeronautics And Space Administration Convergent strand array liquid pumping system
US6397935B1 (en) * 1995-12-21 2002-06-04 The Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd. Flat type heat pipe
US6446706B1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-09-10 Thermal Corp. Flexible heat pipe
US20030192671A1 (en) * 2002-04-16 2003-10-16 Lee Tsung Lung Heat pipe with inner layer
US20050241807A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 Jankowski Todd A Off-axis cooling of rotating devices using a crank-shaped heat pipe
US20050269064A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2005-12-08 Hul-Chun Hsu Planar heat pipe structure
US20060005951A1 (en) * 2004-07-12 2006-01-12 Lan-Kai Yeh Method for enhancing mobility of working fluid in liquid/gas phase heat dissipating device
US20060048919A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Hul-Chun Hsu Wick structure of heat pipe
US20060124280A1 (en) * 2002-10-16 2006-06-15 Young-Duck Lee Flat plate heat transferring apparatus and manufacturing method thereof
US20060162906A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Chu-Wan Hong Heat pipe with screen mesh wick structure
US20060162905A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-07-27 Hul-Chun Hsu Heat pipe assembly
US7086454B1 (en) * 2005-03-28 2006-08-08 Jaffe Limited Wick structure of heat pipe
US20060180296A1 (en) * 2005-02-17 2006-08-17 Yuh-Cheng Chemical Ltd. Heat pipe
US20060207749A1 (en) * 2005-03-18 2006-09-21 Jaffe Limited Multi-layer wick structure of heat pipe
US20060213646A1 (en) * 2005-03-28 2006-09-28 Jaffe Limited Wick structure of heat pipe
US20060243426A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2006-11-02 Hul-Chun Hsu Wick Structure of Heat Pipe
US20070163755A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2007-07-19 Hyun-Tae Kim Flat plate heat transfer device and method for manufacturing the same
US20070240858A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-10-18 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with composite capillary wick structure
US20070240855A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-10-18 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with composite capillary wick structure
US20070294892A1 (en) * 2006-06-22 2007-12-27 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Method for making a plate type heat pipe
US20080029249A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Inventec Corporation Supporting column having porous structure
US20090101314A1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-04-23 Markus Lindner Modified heat pipe for activation of a pressure relief device
US20090288808A1 (en) * 2008-05-26 2009-11-26 Chi-Te Chin Quick temperature-equlizing heat-dissipating device
US20100032138A1 (en) * 2007-01-19 2010-02-11 Jen-Shyan Chen Heat pipe with flat end and method of manufacturing the same
US20100079988A1 (en) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Johnston David W LED light source with an integrated heat pipe
US20100155031A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-06-24 Furui Precise Component (Kunshan) Co., Ltd. Heat pipe and method of making the same
US20100319881A1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2010-12-23 Fu Zhun Precision Industry (Shen Zhen) Co., Ltd. Heat spreader with vapor chamber and method for manufacturing the same
US20120000530A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Miles Mark W Device for harnessing solar energy with integrated heat transfer core, regenerator, and condenser
US20120091135A1 (en) * 2010-10-15 2012-04-19 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Floating roof support legs with vapor seals
US20120118549A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-17 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Heat Conducting Composite Materials, Systems and Methods For Manufacturing The Same
US20200223565A1 (en) * 2012-11-20 2020-07-16 Lockheed Martin Corporation Heat pipe with axial wick
US20240263888A1 (en) * 2023-02-06 2024-08-08 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Advanced manufacturing heat pipe segment with integral printed wick

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB607717A (en) * 1945-12-13 1948-09-03 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Improvements relating to heat exchangers
US3378449A (en) * 1967-07-27 1968-04-16 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Nuclear reactor adapted for use in space
US3414475A (en) * 1965-05-20 1968-12-03 Euratom Heat pipes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB607717A (en) * 1945-12-13 1948-09-03 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Improvements relating to heat exchangers
US3414475A (en) * 1965-05-20 1968-12-03 Euratom Heat pipes
US3378449A (en) * 1967-07-27 1968-04-16 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Nuclear reactor adapted for use in space

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Kemme, J. E. HEAT PIPE CAPABILITY EXPERIMENTS, Proceedings of Joint AEC/Sandia Laboratories Heat Pipe Conference, Sandia Corp., Albuquerque, N.M., 10/1966 Vol. 1, pgs. 14 to 24, Microfische SC-M-66-623 *

Cited By (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3834457A (en) * 1971-01-18 1974-09-10 Bendix Corp Laminated heat pipe and method of manufacture
US3786861A (en) * 1971-04-12 1974-01-22 Battelle Memorial Institute Heat pipes
US3811496A (en) * 1971-11-06 1974-05-21 Philips Corp Heat transfer device
JPS5049064U (en) * 1973-08-31 1975-05-14
US4109709A (en) * 1973-09-12 1978-08-29 Suzuki Metal Industrial Co, Ltd. Heat pipes, process and apparatus for manufacturing same
EP0058628A2 (en) * 1981-02-13 1982-08-25 Yvan Aragou Heat exchanger with capillary structure for refrigerating machines and/or heat pumps
EP0058628A3 (en) * 1981-02-13 1983-04-13 Yvan Aragou Heat exchanger with capillary structure for refrigeration machines and/or heat pumps, and method for obtaining the same
US4515207A (en) * 1984-05-30 1985-05-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Monogroove heat pipe design: insulated liquid channel with bridging wick
US4877082A (en) * 1989-04-13 1989-10-31 United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator, National Aeronautics And Space Administration Convergent strand array liquid pumping system
US6397935B1 (en) * 1995-12-21 2002-06-04 The Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd. Flat type heat pipe
US6446706B1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2002-09-10 Thermal Corp. Flexible heat pipe
US20030192671A1 (en) * 2002-04-16 2003-10-16 Lee Tsung Lung Heat pipe with inner layer
US20060124280A1 (en) * 2002-10-16 2006-06-15 Young-Duck Lee Flat plate heat transferring apparatus and manufacturing method thereof
US20070163755A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2007-07-19 Hyun-Tae Kim Flat plate heat transfer device and method for manufacturing the same
US20060243426A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2006-11-02 Hul-Chun Hsu Wick Structure of Heat Pipe
US20050241807A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 Jankowski Todd A Off-axis cooling of rotating devices using a crank-shaped heat pipe
US7168480B2 (en) * 2004-04-29 2007-01-30 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Off-axis cooling of rotating devices using a crank-shaped heat pipe
US20050269064A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2005-12-08 Hul-Chun Hsu Planar heat pipe structure
US7275588B2 (en) * 2004-06-02 2007-10-02 Hul-Chun Hsu Planar heat pipe structure
US20060005951A1 (en) * 2004-07-12 2006-01-12 Lan-Kai Yeh Method for enhancing mobility of working fluid in liquid/gas phase heat dissipating device
US7011145B2 (en) * 2004-07-12 2006-03-14 Industrial Technology Research Institute Method for enhancing mobility of working fluid in liquid/gas phase heat dissipating device
US7140421B2 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-11-28 Hul-Chun Hsu Wick structure of heat pipe
US20060048919A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Hul-Chun Hsu Wick structure of heat pipe
US20060162906A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2006-07-27 Chu-Wan Hong Heat pipe with screen mesh wick structure
US7159647B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2007-01-09 Hul-Chun Hsu Heat pipe assembly
US20060162905A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-07-27 Hul-Chun Hsu Heat pipe assembly
US20060180296A1 (en) * 2005-02-17 2006-08-17 Yuh-Cheng Chemical Ltd. Heat pipe
US20060207749A1 (en) * 2005-03-18 2006-09-21 Jaffe Limited Multi-layer wick structure of heat pipe
US20060213646A1 (en) * 2005-03-28 2006-09-28 Jaffe Limited Wick structure of heat pipe
US7086454B1 (en) * 2005-03-28 2006-08-08 Jaffe Limited Wick structure of heat pipe
US20070240858A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-10-18 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with composite capillary wick structure
US20070240855A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-10-18 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with composite capillary wick structure
US20070294892A1 (en) * 2006-06-22 2007-12-27 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Method for making a plate type heat pipe
US20080029249A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Inventec Corporation Supporting column having porous structure
US20100032138A1 (en) * 2007-01-19 2010-02-11 Jen-Shyan Chen Heat pipe with flat end and method of manufacturing the same
US20090101314A1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-04-23 Markus Lindner Modified heat pipe for activation of a pressure relief device
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