US356988A - Steam-generator - Google Patents

Description

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8 v.l GOLLIAU.

STEAM GENERATOR.

N0. 356,988. Patenizad Feb. 1, 1887.

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-resents 13 1, 200=16,200. ence of 15,0000 in favor of the cupola-furnace UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VICTOR COLLIAU, OF DETROIT,` MICHIGAN.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part` of Lette-rs Patent No. 356.9878, dated February 1, 1887.

Application tiled July 29, 1886. Serial No. 209,394: (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it 11i/ay concern: i

Be it known that I, Vieron CoLLIAU, of Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented new and useful Improveniente in Steam-Generators; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, whichform a part of this specification.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in steam-generators; and the ob-` ject of my invention is to improve the efficiency of such generator by applying a more efficient kind of furnace and mode of burning the fuel than has been used heretofore for generating steam for use as a motive power or otherwise.

The kind of furnace I applyin my improved steam-generator is the one known as cupolafurnace, wherein the combustion of the fuel is carried on by meansof a hot-air blast.

As the efficiency of a steam-generator is in proportion to the combustion of fuel, a comparison of thejrespect-ve amounts of fuel and heat obtained from the ordinary boiler-furnace and the cupola-furnace will readily disclose the superiority of the latter. In the former one pound of lcoal produces about eight pounds 0f steam of five atmospheres at a temperature of 150 centigrade, making the totalamount of 8 153=1,224. In the latter with one pound of coke I have melted as much as thirteen and one-half pounds of iron,which, at the melting temperature of 1,200o centigrade, rep- This is a differ-y as a direct result of the superior combustion.

Again, in a Aboiler-furnace under the best conditions of draftthe amount of coal that can be burned per hour on a square foot of grate does not exceed one huudredand twenty pounds, while in the hot-blast cupola I have burned as much as'eight hundred and twentytwo pounds iof fuel per square foot of tuyere per hour, which, utilized for the production of steam,would ,represent six thousand ve hundred and seventy-six pounds of steam per fobt square of tuyere, as against twenty eight pounds made by the Cornish boiler or nine hundred and sixty pounds by the best burning fuel locomotive persquare foot of grate. These figures .are easily explained when it is considered that vtwo things are essential to the proper combustion of fuel-a sufficient supply of oxygen and a high temperature-and these two must be in the mostintimate-combination.

Now, in the modern boiler-furnace most of the time only a small portion of the fuel on the grate is properly burned, and the rest is distillated, forming hydrocarbon gases, which only help thegeneration of steam by their temperature; or, if partly indamed, these gases are soon extinguished in the complicated ducts and pipes of modern boilers, in which it is impossible to maintain combustion.

In carrying out my invention I preferably construct my generator-furnace after the cupola-furnace as improved by me and patented to me by Letters Patent No. 27 5,855, and combinethe same with a boiler in such manner thatn'one of theadvantages of efficiency'cl aimed A represents a solid bottom, of any known or desired construction adapted for theY purpose desired, which can be dropped.l lt must be air-tight and fire-proof inside, lined with A brick or fire-clay or sand.

B is the cylindrical furnace-chamber. C'is l the lower section thereof, lined with brick to near the height of the lower tuyeres.

D is the boiler` proper, made of double me vtallic shell, forming an annular water and steam chamber, D, containing the water to be evaporated, and extending from the bottom of the furnace to the top of the furnace proper, where the steam is contained in a drum, preferably formed by enlarging the outside dia-me ter of the boiler. Y

QE is a metallic shell surrounding the lower portion of the whole, forming an outside inclosing annular air-chamber, F, covering all the tuyeres, It is provided with an inlet, G. which is connected with a blower or fan, (not shown,) of any desired construction, by means of which air is driven into the annular chamber. f

Between the air-chamber F and the inside clay and sand, and is opened occasionally te* of the furnace there are several systems and l constantly at the lsame height above the upper 5 5 series of tuyeres, T, distributing the blast in the furnace in such manner as to force the blast to strike horizontally the vertical inside shell of the boiler, giving to the whole of the vertical inside shell the maximum of efficiency of evaporation as effectively as the bottom of common boilers are heated on the top of the fire-grate, making the whole of this surface more than ten times as effective as the heat' ingsurface of the common boiler.

The furnace is entirely air and watertight from outside induenceinsuch a manner that, being located in a steamboat, the tire could not be extinguished, the beat being half-full of water.

Ois aslag-hole, which is closed by means of let the slag out, the ashes of the fuel being made fusible by a small addition to the fuel of a base, such as lime.

S is an outlet steam pipe from boiler te steam-engine.

.H is the fuel-loading door, situated above the whole steam-making apparatus and above the steanrdeine. f

VVoed being pnt in at iirstat the betteln of the furnaee,it is lighted without the use ef the blast byleaving all the tuyeres open. The coke or coal is thrown on gradually until, being well ignited, it has attained the top of the higher tuyercs, when blast is applied. The combustion is almost perfect, its produce be` ing but carbonio-acid gas, which, by being an extinguisher, prevents the uppei` strata of fuel from burning, and combustion ceases entirely about three or four feet above the upper tnyeres, so that there is no iniiamniable gas escaping, and neither tire nor smoke appears above the loading-doors, .and it is as coeltliere as 1f there were no fire below.

According toL the quantiiyy of ashes conf tainedin the i'nel used, se much of a baseuid slag` which will be drawn out when neces- K is a blastgate toregulatethe pressure'ofy the blast, and by so doing it regulates, also, the productie nk yand pressnie of steam, for, contrary to the old system of making steam, which consists of increasing the quantity of fuel en the grate when rmore steam is required, in my new furnaeeboiler the quantity of fuel is kept tuyeres, the intensity of combustion and the production of steam being entirely controlled by the quantity of the blast.

Mis the blast-meter on the air-box, to indicate the pressure of blast by which the production of steam is controlled.

J is the feed-water pipe to furnish the water necessary to the boiler provided with pumps and injectors. (Not shown.)

I is the chimney or stack, the higher the better, to help the draft of the furnace.

Another very important advantage of my sieamgenerator over any other kind is that the whole o fniy apparatus is entirely cold outside, and that the heat which escapes and makes the care of the old system of boiler so tiresome and uncomfortable to the stokers, especially on the inside of the beat, is all cellected by the outside double metallic shell surrounding the lower portion of the whole furnace. The stoking of the furnace is done without the least inconvenience, there being no heat escaping at the feed-doers.

I am aware ef the Patent No. 228,852, and make no claim te the construction shown there in as forming part of my invention.

TWhat I claim as my invention is* 1f. The combination of the outer shell, the boiler within said shell, extended above the top thereof and terminating in an annular Steamdrum, a system of' tuyeres affording communication between the exterior' and interior of the furnace, a feed-hele above the boiler proper, and a blast-.pipe connected with f cation between the'exterier and interior of the furnace, a blast-pipe, G, communicating with i the spacey between the outer shell and they y, y VICTOR COLLIAU.

Witnesses:

H. S. SPRGUE, E. SCULLY.r

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