US3559134A - Random wound encapsulated coil construction - Google Patents

Abstract

A RANDON WINDING IS LOCATED ON A SPOOL HAVING A CENTRAL SUPPORT AND HAVING END FLANGES PROVIDED WITH RIBS OR PERFORATIONS. AN INSULATING MATERIAL IN FLUID FORM SUCH AS AN EPOXY RESIN IS APPLIED UNDER PRESSURE TO THE WINDING AND SPOOL TO FLOW BETWEEN THE RIBS OR THROUGH THE PERFORATIONS TO COMPACT THE WINDING. THIS PROVIDES AS CONTINUOUS LAYER OF THE INSULANT IN CONTACT WITH THE END WINDINGS AND ASSURES GOOD RESISTANCE TO ELECTRIC BREAKDOWN. INSULANT MAY BE INTRODUCED IN A SIMILAR WAY BETWEEN THE CENTRAL SPOOL SUPPORT AND THE WINDING.

Description

Jan. 26, 1971 T. J. DALEY RANDOM WOUND ENCAPSULATED COIL CONSTRUCTION Filed Au 8. 1967 FIG. 2.

FIG. I.

INVENTQR Thomas J Daley ORNEY WITNESSES;

United States Patent W 3,559,134 RANDOM WOUND ENCAPSULATED COIL CONSTRUCTION Thomas J. Daley, Raleigh, N.C., assignor to Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Aug. 8, 1967, Ser. No. 659,216 Int. Cl. H01f 27/30 US. Cl. 33696 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A random winding is located on a spool having a central support and having end flanges provided with ribs or perforations. An insulating material in fluid form such as an epoxy resin is applied under pressure to the winding and spool to flow between the ribs or through the perforations to compact the winding. This provides a continuous layer of the insulant in contact with the end windings and assures good resistance to electric breakdown. Insulant may be introduced in a similar way between the central spool support and the winding.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION Reference is made to applicants copending patent application, Ser. No. 659,217, now Pat. No. 3,496,504, filed concurrently herewith which is directed to a terminal assembly for an encapsulated coil.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to random wound coils and it has particular relation to random wound coils which have a high resistance to voltage breakdown. Although the invention is applicable to coils employed in various devices it is particularly suitable for voltage coils of induction watt-hour meters and will be described as applied to such voltage coils.

It has been common practice to employ a layer-wound construction for the fine wire voltage coils of watt-hour meters. Such coils can be designed readily to offer high resistance to internal voltage breakdown.

Random wound coils offer a number of advantages such as smaller size and simplicity of manufacture. However it has been very diflicult heretofore to obtain high resistance in such coils to internal voltage breakdown. In an induction type watt-hour meter a voltage coil may be subjected to very high voltages as a result of lightning surges, switching surges or other transients.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the invention, turns of a random wound coil are spaced from an adjacent surface of the supporting spool or bobbin. Preferably, an insulating molding material is introduced into the space so provided for the purpose of compacting the turns of the coil and substantially eliminating air spaces. The molding material is forced into intimate contact or engagement with the end turns of the coil and provides a continuous insulating surface between such turns and an adjacent portion of the spool or bobbin and between adjacent or closely positioned turns of the coil. This materially raises the breakdown voltage of the coil.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved electric coil having high resistance to voltage breakdown.

It is also an object of the invention to provide an electric coil having random wound turns located on a spool with continuous insulation between a plurality of the turns and a portion of the spool and with the insulation in intimate engagement with the turns.

Patented Jan. 26, 1971 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a view in elevation with parts broken away of an induction watt-hour meter embodying the invention;

FIG. 2 is a view in elevation with parts broken away of the voltage coil employed in the meter of FIG. 1 associated with encapsulating apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a view in perspective with parts broken away of a spool employed for the coil of FIGS. 1 and 2; and

FIG. 4 is a view in end elevation showing a modified spool construction.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 represents an induction watt-hour meter having an electromagnet 1 which provides an air gap for an electroconductive disc or armature 3. The electromagnet 1 includes a magnetic structure generally formed of laminations of soft magnetic steel and providing a voltage pole 5 and current poles 7. A voltage winding 9 surrounds the voltage pole and current windings 11 are associated with the current poles 7. Structures of this general type are described in the Electrical Metermens Handbook, 7the ed., published in 1965 by the Edison Electric Institute of New York City. As pointed out in this handbook, pp. 673 and 674, the meter stator may have a 10 kilovolt impulse withstand level.

The voltage coil 9 has a large number of turns of small diameter electroconductive wire which is of the insulated or enameled type. As an example a voltage coil designed for energization from a 240 volt alternating current circuit may have 5500 turns of No. 33 wire (American Wire Gage).

The voltage coil 9 is of the random wound type wherein the turns are wound on a spool or bobbin having a central support 13 and a pair of flanges 14 and 15. The central support 13 is in the form of a tubular sleeve which may be of circular cross section but more commonly has a rectangular cross section adapted to receive snugly a voltage pole 5 of rectangular cross-section.

If the turns are wound on a conventional spool with the end turns in direct engagement with the flanges of the spool it will be found diflicult to obtain the desired level of resistance to voltage breakdown. One of the principal breakdown points in a random wound coil of conventional construction is. between the start and finish layers or intermediate layers at the interspace of the enameled wire and the spool flange. If such a coil is encapsulated the forces generated during the encapsulation tend to reduce the start to finish distance and this reduction decreases the breakdown level.

In accordance with the invention the end turns of the coil are spaced from the flanges by a layer of insulating material which is molded into intimate contact with the end turns. To this end the flanges may be provided with a large number of ribs 17 as shown in FIG. 3. These ribs space the end turns of the coil sufliciently from substantial portions of the flanges to permit the introduction of hardenable insulating material in liquid form into the spaces established by the ribs. The material may be a solid at room or ambient temperature which becomes liquid under the temperature and pressure conditions present during such introduction.

After the winding is applied to the spool the resultant structure is placed in a mold 19 having a cavity corresponding to the desired resultant outline of the coil. The mold includes a top 19A, a bottom 19B and a core 20 for the central support to prevent entry of encapsulating material into the central support. The mold also has an inlet 21 through which suitable encapsulating material may be introduced by a transfer ram 22. The encapsulating material is applied in liquid form through conventional runners and gates and is designed to harden in place to provide good insulation for the winding. Conveniently the encapsulant may be solid under ambient temperature conditions encountered by the meter during use, but may be liquid under the temperature and pressure conditions employed for encapsulation. Nylon and a thermosetting polyester resin are examples of suitable encapsulating materials. Preferably the encapsulating material is an epoxy resin provided with a filler such as fiber lass.

g When the encapsulating material is applied in liquid form to the mold it flows between the ribs 17 on the flanges into direct engagement with substantial portions of the end turns of the winding.

In a preferred embodiment the encapsulating material is forced into the mold under substantial pressure such as 2000 lbs. per square inch. Such pressure tends to' compact the windings of the coil and to force the end turns away from the associated flanges. This has the effect of introducing a continuous layer of insulating material in direct contact or engagement with the end turns and located between the end turns and the associated flanges. The encapsulating material is now permitted to harden and if the material is of the thermosetting type heat may be applied to expedite such hardening.

The introduction of the encapsulating material into direct engagement with the end turns has made it possible to increase the breakdown voltage of the random wound coil to more than 225% of the values previously obtained, and increases of more than 300% have been obtained. For example 240 volt watt-hour meter voltage coils have been constructed with a breakdown voltage of the order of 23 kilovolts.

The elimination of air spaces resulting from the intimate contact of the encapsulant with the wire turns provides the additional benefit of reducing the harmful effects of corona. This elimination may be further assisted by utilizing the well-known vacuum molding techniques during encapsulation.

It will be noted that the encapsulating material together with the spool forms a complete encapsulation for the voltage coil. If desired the encapsulating material may be introduced between the turns and the central support 13 to increase the insulation between the turns and the voltage pole which is located within the central support. To this end ribs 17a on the outer surface of the central support may be provided to space adjacent coil turns from substantial portions of the support.

When the encapsulating material is applied it flows into the spaces between the ribs 17a of the central support and compacts the coil to form a substantial layer of insulation between the coil and the central support. For many applications these additional ribs 17a are not required.

In the modification of the invention shown in FIG. 4 the ribs on the flanges are replaced by holes 23. Thus in FIG. 4 the flange 15 of FIG. 3 is replaced by a flange 15a of sheet insulating material having holes 23 which extend through the flange in a direction parallel to the axis of the central support to expose substantial portions of the coil end turns to the exterior of the spool. When the spool of FIG. 4 and the random wound winding thereon are encapsulated in the manner discussed above the liquid encapsulating material flows through the holes 23 into 'contact with the end turns. When the encapsulating material is subjected to pressure, the windings are compacted and a continuous layer of insulating material is molded into intimate engagement with the adjacent end turns.

Although the invention is particularly suitable for induction watt-hour meters the principle thereof may be employed on any random wound wire arrangement which requires high resistance to internal voltage breakdown. Thus it may be applied to a coil or a transformer which has insulation molded by injection, transfer or compression molding. Improvements in breakdown level also are obtained when the principle is applied to potted or impregnated coils, wherein the encapsulant may be permitted to flow by gravity around the coil.

The ends of the coil may be made available for electrical connections or terminals in any conventional manner. In a preferred embodiment the flange 14 is provided with a slot 25 through which the inner end of the coil extends. This end is secured in a solderless connector 27 located on one end of a sealing plate 29. Another solderless connector 31 is secured to the opposite end of the plate 29 and extends beyond the encapsulating material to receive an external electric lead. As shown in FIG. 2 the mold 19 has a pocket 33 which permits encapsulating material to flow around the solderless connector 27, and its connection together with part of the plate 29 while leaving the solderless connector 31 free to receive an external lead. The mold is of multi-part construction and provides parting surfaces engaging the plate 29. Thus the plate 29 provides sealing surfaces engaging the adjacent parts of the mold. This terminal construction is presented in applicants aforesaid copending patent application. A similar terminal construction 27a, 29a, 31a is shown for the other end of the coil.

In order to hold the terminal assemblies during the molding operation, the flange 14 has two pockets 35 and 35a proportioned to receive the connectors 27 and 27a respectively.

The complete spool may be constructed in any suitable manner. Preferably the spool including, the central support 13, the flanges 14, 15, the ribs 17, the pockets 35, 35a, and the slot 25 are molded from a suitable insulating material which may be similar to that employed for encapsulation provided that it is capable of-retaining its shape during the conditions of encapsulation. On its exterror face each flange may have a rectangular spacer ad acent the central support to space the flange correctly from the adjacent mold surface and to provide a barrier preventing entry of the encapsulant within the central support or core. Thus a spacer 14 is formed integrally on the face of the flange 14.

In a few applications exposed terminals may not be desired. In such a case the solderless connectors may be omitted and electric lead wires may be soldered to the coil ends. The solder joints are covered by the encapsulant.

What is claimed is:

1. A coil assembly comprising a coil spool having a central support and a flange at a first end of the support and a random-wound coil having turns wound around said support, certain of said turns being adjacent to the flange, wherein the improvement comprises an homogeneous insulating material located between said flange and said turns molded into intimate contact with said turns to assure continuous insulation located between said flange and said turns and extending radially from said central support across the end turns of said coil, said spool having a flange at a second end of the central support, said coil having certain of said turns adjacent the last-named flange, and homogeneous insulating material located between said last-named flange and said last-named turns molded in intimate contact with said last-named turns to assure insulation located between each of said flanges and the adjacent turns of the coil and extending continuously in a radial direction from the central support.

2. A coil assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein said flanges have plural perforations distributed around the flanges through which said insulating material extends.

3. A coil assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein spacers are interposed between the coil and a portion of the spool to provide a space between the coil and a substantial portion of said spool for occupation by said insulating material.

4. An induction watt-hour meter comprising a coil assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein an insulating medium comprising an epoxy resin provides the insulating material located between each flange and the turns and extends homogeneously from said insulating material between each of said flanges and said turns around the coil to form with the spool an encapsulation for the coil, said central support comprising a tubular sleeve, said induction watt-hour meter having a voltage pole piece of soft magnetic material located within said tubular sleeve.

5. A coil assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein said insulating material extends between said central support and the interior of said coil in intimate molded contact with the turns of said coil, and wherein said insulating material extends over the outer surface of said coil in intimate molded contact with the turns to form with the spool a substantially complete encapsulation for the coil.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS US. Cl. X.R.

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