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US3554167A - Boiler construction - Google Patents

Boiler construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3554167A
US3554167A US812241A US3554167DA US3554167A US 3554167 A US3554167 A US 3554167A US 812241 A US812241 A US 812241A US 3554167D A US3554167D A US 3554167DA US 3554167 A US3554167 A US 3554167A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sections
boiler
water
compartment
sidewalls
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US812241A
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English (en)
Inventor
Allan E Martin
Edmund C Shirley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trane US Inc
Original Assignee
American Standard Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Standard Inc filed Critical American Standard Inc
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Publication of US3554167A publication Critical patent/US3554167A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/30—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections
    • F24H1/32—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections with vertical sections arranged side by side

Definitions

  • Crooks ABSTRACT Covers a wet base multisectional boiler in which a substantially rectangular plate, preferably made of a refractory material, is inserted within the firebox of the boiler but adjacent to one of the sidewalls of the boiler. The plate is held within the boiler in a vertical or substantially vertical position. The insertion of the plate will reduce the amount of bubble formation within the sections on the sides or tubes adjacent to the plate. The flow of the heated water in each of the sections adjacent to the plate will be modified to the extent that those sides or tubes of the sections adjacent to the plate will have water flowing downwardly to the base of the boiler and those sides or tubes of the sections remote from the plate will have water flowing upwardly into the common upper compartment.
  • This invention relates generally to boilers and, more particularly, to boilers of the wet base type.
  • each U-shaped section of a multisection boiler includes two vertical sides or two substantially vertical or somewhat inclined sides, which may be called sides A and B (i.e. the right and the left sides), and these two sides are tubular in shape and are joined to each other at the bottom by a third or base side which is also tubular and may be called side C of the section.
  • Each such section is open ended at the top so that water flowing into and through the section will reach an upper compartment or sec-- tion which may be called the compartment D. All of the several sections of the boiler supply their heated water to the upper compartment D which is common to all of the sections.
  • the space within the several U-shapedsections that is, the firebox, is completely encased in water and thereby insulated.
  • the two vertical sides A and B of each of the sections are substantially equally heated by the burning gases present in the firebox.
  • the temperature'of the water within each of the two vertical sides becomes elevated during the heatingprocess and produces bubbles within the water;
  • the rate of production of bubbles, the size of thebubbles and the total volume of the bubbles increases with any increase in the rate of heat input within the U-shaped section.
  • the heated water and the accompanying bubbles move upwardly in the two vertical sections to the upper compartment D wherethe bubbles, with the receipt of more heat, break the surface or upper barrier of the compartment D during the normal boiler operation.
  • these bubbles break the upper surface, they mix water with steam which has been accumulating in the upper compartment.
  • the generated steam is reduced in quality in proportion to the relative volume of the'bubbles breaking the surface of the upper compartment.
  • a plate of material preferably a refractory material, such as firebrick
  • a refractory material such as firebrick
  • the plate may be positioned vertically at the interface of the firebox and the side A of the boiler section, or it may be sloped from the vertical.
  • the water in the side A of the section which is theside adjacent to the added or inserted platewill be directed downwardly toward the bottom or base C of the adjoining section or sections, while the water flow through the opposite side or sides B of the boiler will be directed upwardly towards the common compartment D.
  • the addition of the refractory plate adjacent .to side A will yield a substantially unidirectional flow through the section or sections affected. In other words, the flow of water will be in a downward direction through the side A of each section even with temperature rises, then the flow will take place laterally or horizontally fromside' A to side B through the base C of each section, then upwardly through side B to the common compartment D. This unidirectional flow path will be maintained substantially throughout the operation of the boiler.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a front perspective of a wet base boiler from which the front end of the boiler has been removed and showing a plate positioned on the right side of the boiler
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a multisection boiler when viewed along the centerline of the boiler and when viewed from the left side of the boiler
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of an intermediate section of the boilers of FIGS. 1 and 2
  • FIGS. 40 and 4b illustrate plan and end views of the refractory plate
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the boiler
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a partial crosssectional view of two adjacent sections of the boiler.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawings there will be seen a four section boiler which comprises a front section 10, two center sections 20 and 30 and a back section 40.
  • the inner walls of the several sections form a firebox 45.
  • This boiler resembles a typical four-section pressure-fired boiler which has been marketed by the assignee of this application as the PF-A-3 boiler.
  • Each intermediate section of the multisection boiler of FIG. l may correspond to the section designated 30 in FIG. 3.
  • Each section such as 30 comprises a right side 42, a left side 44, a bottom or base side 46, and an upper compartment 48.
  • the upper compartment 48 is common to all of the several sections of the boiler.
  • the several sections of the boiler have in common two lower nipple ports 52 and 54, through either or both of which incoming water is normally fed to the boiler.
  • the several sections are bound together by a nipple tie rod 60 in the usual way (see FIG. 5).
  • the boiler includes a firing space, often called a firebox, which is designated 45 and it also includes an upper nipple port 80.
  • an oil burner or gas burner of conventional configuration is supplied with oil or gas to be burned in the firebox 45 so as to simultaneously heat the water present in all of the several sections.
  • Water is fed to the boiler through either or both of the lower nipple ports 52 or 54 so that water to be heated will be present in the vertical walls or tubes 42 and 44, the base wall or tube 46, and in most of the upper compartment 48.
  • the water in the upper compartment normally rises to a level which is slightly above the bottom of the upper nipple port 80.
  • a conventional boiler which does not employ a plate 70 of the kind shown in FIG. 1
  • the considerable heat generated in the firebox 45 causes the water to be heated substantially equally in the sidewalls or tubes 42 and 44, the heated water being accompanied by bubble formations.
  • Both the heated water and the accompanying bubble formations are usually moved upwardly within the sidewalls or tubes 42 and 44 of all sections toward the upper common compartment 48.
  • steam will be generated in the upper compartment and then removed via a steam pipe from the upper nipple port 80 which is common to all of the several sections 10, 20, 30, 40, etc.
  • the gaseous products of combustion within the firebox are discharged from the upper pipe which leads to the chimney.
  • two plates of refractory material, such as 70 would preferably be employed.
  • One plate would be positioned adjacent to the sides of two of the sections and another plate positioned along the sides of the other two sections, but all such plates would be located on the same side, i.e., the right side of the boiler.
  • three plates may be employed, one adjacent to each pair of adjoining sections. And so on.
  • the refractory plate 70 which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 as applied to a pressure-fired boiler, may have a length, i.e., its vertical dimension, of about l9.5 inches, a width f about 12 inches, and a thickness of about three-quarters of an inch. It may have two contoured notches 72 and 74. These notches would fit on the lugs at the base of the sections of the boiler so that the plates 70 can be maintained substantially immovable throughout the operation of the boiler.
  • each plate 70 may be positioned vertically or sloped somewhat from the vertical, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the base of the plate is spaced from the right sidewall 42 of the sections.
  • the addition of the plate 70 in accordance with this invention yields an improvement in the generated steam quality.
  • the improvement could be observed through glass windows, which may be formed, for observation, adjacent to the upper nipple port 80.
  • the improvement in the steam quality may also be demonstrated by measuring the reduction of wet particles in the steam.
  • the plates 70 convert the wet base boiler into a considerably improved, efficient structure.
  • a narrower plate may be employed to be individual to each boiler section. If desired, a longer plate may be used for more than two, perhaps for all, of the boiler sections.
  • the plates 70 although shown and described as separate from the various boiler sections, may be manufactured as integral parts of the several sections.
  • the plates numbered 70 have been described as composed of refractory material, they may be made of any other material which would fully withstand the wide temperature range encountered in the operation of the boiler, under all of its conditions of operation.
  • a boiler comprising a plurality of U-shaped vertically arranged water-filled sections, a compartment partly filled with water and superimposed on said sections, said compartment being common to all of said sections and fluidically connected to all of the sections, a firebox bounded by the sidewalls and base wall of said sections and by said compartment. so that the firebox is surrounded by water within said sections and within said compartment, and a refractory plate positioned substantially vertically within said firebox and in physical contact only with one of the sidewalls of each of said sections.
  • a boiler according to claim I in which the refractory plate is replaced by a plurality of substantially vertical refractory plates coaligned with each other along only one of the sidewalls of each of said sections.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 having an upper nipple port adjacent to the compartment and located on one side of the boiler above said refractory plate.
  • a boiler comprising a plurality of closely adjacent U- shaped sections each of which is to be filled with water, a firebox space positioned within the sides of said sections so that heat generated therein will be freely conducted to the water within said sections, an upper compartment located above the firebox space and in communication with the open ends of all of the U-shaped sections, a lower nipple port common to all of the U-shaped sections and through which water is supplied to said U-shaped sections, an upper nipple port positioned above one side of the U-shaped sections and located adjacent to the upper end of said compartment, and a platelike member positioned substantially vertically within the firebox space but contacting only one of the walls of the U- shaped sections at a location beneath the upper nipple port, whereby heated water that enters the sidewalls of the U- shaped sections adjacent to the platelike member will travel downwardly while heated water entering the sidewalls of the U-shaped sections remote from said platelike member will travel upwardly to the compartment.
  • a boiler according to claim 5 in which all of the platelike structures are sloped with respect to the adjacent sidewalls of the Ushaped members so that the upper segment of the platelike structures will touch only one of said sidewalls and the lower segment of the platelike structures will be spaced from said sidewalls but in contact with the bases of the U- shaped members.
  • a wet base boiler comprising a plurality of closely adjacent U-shaped sections and an upper compartment common to all of said sections and fluidically in communication therewith, said sections and said compartment providing a common firing space in which a fuel may be fired for heating the water in said sections and said compartment, and means responsive to the heat generated in said firing space for causing the water within said sections on one side of said boiler to move substantially unidirectionally downwardly and for causing the water on the other side of said sections to move substantially unidirectionally upwardly, said means comprising a refractory plate positioned in said firing space adjacent to but one side of said boiler where thewateris to move downwardly.
  • a wet' base boiler according to claim 8 in which said means comprises a plurality of refractory plates which are aligned with each other and in contact with but one of the sidewalls of the sections in which the water is to move downwardly.
  • each refractory plate is notched so that it may be fixed in position in said firing space and is; made of a substance which can

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
US812241A 1969-04-01 1969-04-01 Boiler construction Expired - Lifetime US3554167A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US81224169A 1969-04-01 1969-04-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3554167A true US3554167A (en) 1971-01-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US812241A Expired - Lifetime US3554167A (en) 1969-04-01 1969-04-01 Boiler construction

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3554167A (de)
AT (1) AT301806B (de)
BE (1) BE739781A (de)
CH (1) CH505336A (de)
DE (1) DE1949317A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2025304A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1269126A (de)
NL (1) NL7004562A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3796193A (en) * 1973-04-11 1974-03-12 American Standard Inc Boiler construction
US3796194A (en) * 1973-04-11 1974-03-12 American Standard Inc Large water leg boiler
EP3764021A1 (de) 2019-07-10 2021-01-13 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Sektionaler wärmetauscher

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2233571A1 (en) * 1973-06-13 1975-01-10 Fonderie Soc Gen De Gas or liquid fired sectional boiler - ribs around heat exchanger walls circulate hot gases
AT385589B (de) * 1982-03-10 1988-04-25 Schwarz Alois Kesselglied fuer eine heizungsanlage, insbesondere fuer einen heizkessel; bzw. heizungsanlage
AT400266B (de) * 1988-03-09 1995-11-27 Vaillant Gmbh Gliederkessel

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168197A (en) * 1937-07-27 1939-08-01 Faber Herbert Alfred Boiler
GB982318A (en) * 1960-09-17 1965-02-03 Eugen F E H R Improvements in or relating to hot-water boilers

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168197A (en) * 1937-07-27 1939-08-01 Faber Herbert Alfred Boiler
GB982318A (en) * 1960-09-17 1965-02-03 Eugen F E H R Improvements in or relating to hot-water boilers

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3796193A (en) * 1973-04-11 1974-03-12 American Standard Inc Boiler construction
US3796194A (en) * 1973-04-11 1974-03-12 American Standard Inc Large water leg boiler
EP3764021A1 (de) 2019-07-10 2021-01-13 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Sektionaler wärmetauscher

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE739781A (de) 1970-03-16
CH505336A (de) 1971-03-31
GB1269126A (en) 1972-04-06
DE1949317A1 (de) 1970-10-15
NL7004562A (de) 1970-10-05
FR2025304A5 (de) 1970-09-04
AT301806B (de) 1972-09-25

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