US3541582A - Manufacture of carbon cloth from polymeric fibre material - Google Patents
Manufacture of carbon cloth from polymeric fibre material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3541582A US3541582A US651118A US65111867A US3541582A US 3541582 A US3541582 A US 3541582A US 651118 A US651118 A US 651118A US 65111867 A US65111867 A US 65111867A US 3541582 A US3541582 A US 3541582A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cloth
- carbon
- fibres
- manufacture
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title description 35
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001328813 Methles Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
- D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F9/22—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/16—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate
Definitions
- polymer fibers for example polyacrylonitrile fibers
- oxidized fibers are oxidized by heating them in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature within the range of 100-250 C. while held under tension
- the oxidized fibers are woven by a conventional weaving process to provide a woven cloth of oxidized yarns
- the woven cloth of oxidized yarns is carbonized by heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere up to a temperature in the region of 1000 C. to provide carbon fiber cloth.
- This invention relates to carbon fibre cloth and processes for its manufacture. It is to be noted that as used in this specification the term carbon may include graphite.
- Carbon and graphite cloth is known and in one exam pie is made by carbonising woven fabric of staple rayon fibres.
- the carbon cloth has a tesnile strength of about 25 lb./inch width and individual fibers extracted from the carbon cloth have a tensile strength of about 50 1O 1b./ sq. inch and have a Youngs modulus of 59 10 lb. per sq. inch.
- Carbon fibres of high Youngs modulus and high tensile strength characteristics have been produced from fibers of polymeric material for example polyacrylonitrile as disclosed in co-pending US. application Ser. No. 449,320, now Pat. No. 3,412,062 and polyamide, polyester and polyvinyl alcohol as disclosed in copending British application Ser. Nos. 28,108/65 and 13,232/66 now cognated in British Pat. No. 1,166,251. Processes for their manufacture in continuous lengths are disclosed in copending US. application Ser. No. 648,916. However, attempts to fabricate such carbon fibres into a carbon cloth, for example by conventional weaving methods,
- the present invention is concerned with the production of a high strength carbon fibre cloth from polymeric fibre material of a type in which the linear molecules can be cross-linked, for example by oxidation by heating at below their melting point in an oxidizing atmosphere, in particular polyacrylonitrile or, if the polymer is of a type having no melting point, heating in an oxidizing atmosphere at a' temperature which allows oxidation to proceed in a controlled manner, and which upon subsequent carbonising in a non-oxidising atmosphere yield carbon fibres which are highly crystalline with the C axis of the graphite crystallites preferentially alinged normal to the fibre longitudinal axis.
- continuous yarns of polymeric fibre material of the type referred to which have been oxidized produced for example as disclosed in co-pending US. application Ser. No. 648,916 by heating fibres of polymeric material of the type referred to in an oxidising atmosphere at 3,541,582 Patented Nov. 17, 1970 temperatures within the range C.-250 C. and to below their melting point whilst held under tension, are woven by a conventional weaving process to provide a woven cloth of oxidized yarns and as a second step, the woven cloth of oxidized yarns is carbonised by heating in a non-oxidising atmosphere up to temperature in the region of about 1000" C. to provide a carbon fibre cloth of high strength.
- the carbon fibre cloth may be heat treated by heating the carbon fibre cloth to a temperature within the range of above the carbonising temperature and up to 3000 C. in a nonoxidising atmosphere.
- Tension may be applied to the cloth during the heat treatment steps.
- the weave of the cloth should be sufiiciently open to allow shrinkage in the order of 12% to take place and should be such that there is a minimum of bend on the fibres where the warp and weft fibres cross each other.
- the polymer fibre was first oxidised under tension sufficient to prevent shrinkage at a temperature of 220 C. for 4 hours.
- the oxidised fibre was then woven into a cloth and the cloth carbonised up to a 1000 C., the temperature being raised from 220 C.-1000 C. at a rate of about 100 C. per hour.
- a carbon fibre cloth comprising carbon fibres having such high strength and high Youngs modulus characteristics will itself be strong and is particularly useful as a reinforcing element in a composite material.
- polyacylonitrile fibres is used by those skilled in this art to include co-polymers or ter-polymers of acrylonitrile with other monomers e.g.
- a process for producing a high strength carbon fiber cloth comprising a first step in which oxidized yarns of polymeric fiber material which have been oxidized by heating in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature within the range 100250 C. and below their melting point whilst held under tension, are woven to provide a woven cloth of oxidized yarns, and, a second step, in which the woven cloth of oxidized yarns is carbonized by heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere up to a temperature in the region of about 1000 C. to provide a carbon fiber cloth.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB30743/66A GB1190269A (en) | 1966-07-08 | 1966-07-08 | The Manufacture of Cloth from Polymeric Fibre Material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3541582A true US3541582A (en) | 1970-11-17 |
Family
ID=10312443
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US651118A Expired - Lifetime US3541582A (en) | 1966-07-08 | 1967-07-05 | Manufacture of carbon cloth from polymeric fibre material |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3541582A (fr) |
| BE (1) | BE701081A (fr) |
| CH (2) | CH491050A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE1646805C3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR1539755A (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB1190269A (fr) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3819461A (en) * | 1969-08-19 | 1974-06-25 | Stevens & Co Inc J P | Unidirectional, high modulus knitted fabrics |
| US4014725A (en) * | 1975-03-27 | 1977-03-29 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method of making carbon cloth from pitch based fiber |
| US4039341A (en) * | 1970-02-23 | 1977-08-02 | National Research Development Corporation | Production of carbon articles |
| US4138525A (en) * | 1976-02-11 | 1979-02-06 | Union Carbide Corporation | Highly-handleable pitch-based fibers |
| US4237108A (en) * | 1976-12-09 | 1980-12-02 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Process for producing carbon fabric |
| US4849200A (en) * | 1987-04-03 | 1989-07-18 | Nippon Oil Company, Limited | Process for fabricating carbon/carbon composite |
| US8026189B1 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2011-09-27 | American Felt and Filter Company, LLC. | High-temperature and fire-resistant fabric and a method of manufacturing thereof |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA926584A (en) * | 1969-09-16 | 1973-05-22 | A. Kearsey Hugh | Production of carbon fibre |
| JPS58214534A (ja) * | 1982-06-09 | 1983-12-13 | Toray Ind Inc | 高強伸度炭素繊維束およびその製法 |
| CA1284858C (fr) * | 1985-04-18 | 1991-06-18 | Francis Patrick Mccullough, Jr. | Fibre de carbone non-lineaire a configuration de type ressort, et sa fabrication |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2913802A (en) * | 1953-07-16 | 1959-11-24 | Johns Manville | Thermal modification of acrylonitrile yarns |
| US3107152A (en) * | 1960-09-12 | 1963-10-15 | Union Carbide Corp | Fibrous graphite |
| FR1432042A (fr) * | 1965-04-05 | 1966-03-18 | Union Carbide Corp | Procédé de fabrication de filés de graphite |
| US3285696A (en) * | 1960-08-25 | 1966-11-15 | Tokai Denkyoku Seizo Kabushiki | Method for the preparation of flexible carbon fibre |
| US3412062A (en) * | 1964-04-24 | 1968-11-19 | Nat Res Dev | Production of carbon fibres and compositions containing said fibres |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1646769B2 (de) * | 1964-04-24 | 1973-04-26 | National Research Development Corp , London | Verfahren zur herstellung von kohlenstoffasern oder -faeden |
-
1966
- 1966-07-08 GB GB30743/66A patent/GB1190269A/en not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-07-05 US US651118A patent/US3541582A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1967-07-07 BE BE701081D patent/BE701081A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-07-07 FR FR113644A patent/FR1539755A/fr not_active Expired
- 1967-07-07 DE DE19671646805 patent/DE1646805C3/de not_active Expired
- 1967-07-10 CH CH976067A patent/CH491050A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-07-10 CH CH976067D patent/CH976067A4/xx unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2913802A (en) * | 1953-07-16 | 1959-11-24 | Johns Manville | Thermal modification of acrylonitrile yarns |
| US3285696A (en) * | 1960-08-25 | 1966-11-15 | Tokai Denkyoku Seizo Kabushiki | Method for the preparation of flexible carbon fibre |
| US3107152A (en) * | 1960-09-12 | 1963-10-15 | Union Carbide Corp | Fibrous graphite |
| US3412062A (en) * | 1964-04-24 | 1968-11-19 | Nat Res Dev | Production of carbon fibres and compositions containing said fibres |
| FR1432042A (fr) * | 1965-04-05 | 1966-03-18 | Union Carbide Corp | Procédé de fabrication de filés de graphite |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3819461A (en) * | 1969-08-19 | 1974-06-25 | Stevens & Co Inc J P | Unidirectional, high modulus knitted fabrics |
| US4039341A (en) * | 1970-02-23 | 1977-08-02 | National Research Development Corporation | Production of carbon articles |
| US4014725A (en) * | 1975-03-27 | 1977-03-29 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method of making carbon cloth from pitch based fiber |
| US4138525A (en) * | 1976-02-11 | 1979-02-06 | Union Carbide Corporation | Highly-handleable pitch-based fibers |
| US4237108A (en) * | 1976-12-09 | 1980-12-02 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Process for producing carbon fabric |
| US4849200A (en) * | 1987-04-03 | 1989-07-18 | Nippon Oil Company, Limited | Process for fabricating carbon/carbon composite |
| US8026189B1 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2011-09-27 | American Felt and Filter Company, LLC. | High-temperature and fire-resistant fabric and a method of manufacturing thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1646805C3 (de) | 1973-07-19 |
| GB1190269A (en) | 1970-04-29 |
| CH491050A (de) | 1970-02-13 |
| DE1646805B2 (de) | 1972-12-21 |
| FR1539755A (fr) | 1968-09-20 |
| CH976067A4 (fr) | 1970-02-13 |
| DE1646805A1 (de) | 1971-09-02 |
| BE701081A (fr) | 1967-12-18 |
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