Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/03—Liquid compositions with two or more distinct layers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0017—Multi-phase liquid compositions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to detergent compositions and more particularly to two-phase liquid detergent compositions.
• the two-phase liquid detergent compositions of the invention include those compositions designed to provide detergency while simultaneously providing for the deposition of a certain amount of oily material.
• Typical examples thereof include composite bubble bath/bath oil compositions as well as composite shampoo/hair conditioning compositions.
• the basic distinction between these two typical examples lies in the proportion of oil. This duality of properties is due to the fact that the compositions exist in the form of an upper oily layer and a lower aqueous layer and form temporary oil-in-water emulsions when shaken.
• the lower aqueous layer contains a foaming organic detergent system, as well as an emulsion destabilizer, so that it functions as a cleansing and copious foam-producing component.
• the upper oily layer furnishes oily material which serves as a hair conditioning and hair grooming aid in the case of the shampoo/hair conditioning formulations and serves as a skin softener or emollient in the case of the bubble bath/ bath oil compositions.
• the two-layer physical state of the compositions is essential in order that the compositions will produce a copious foam, in spite of the presence of a substantial quantity of oil, which is a desirable attribute in products designed to have good skin and hair cleansing properties and consumer acceptance and further in order that the compositions in the case of the bubble bath/bath oil compositions will leave a luxurious oily film upon the skin of the bather after bathing and in the case of the shampoo/hair conditioning compositions will leave the proper amount of oil upon the hair so that the hair will be manageable for grooming.
• This two-layer physical state of the compositions permits them to be colored with a colorant or dye in either one or both layers so that the products can have unusual aesthetic appeal.
• an appropriate oil-soluble dye can be incorporated into the upper oily layer and a water-soluble dye can be included in the lower aqueous layer to give the products a pleasing appearance.
• the two-layer physical state of the compositions enables the user to recognize the presence in the compositions of the oil component thereof.
• compositions exist in the form of two separate layers, they are shaken prior to use whereupon they form oil-in-water emulsions which are only temporary due to the emulsion destabilizer therein.
• This emulsion state enables the user to measure out the requisite amount of the composite compositions each time the products are used.
• temporary oil-in-water emulsion is meant an emulsion which breaks substantially, i.e., approximately /3 separation, into the original two-layer state within about 30 minutes in the following test.
• the test apparatus comprises a horizontal reciprocating shaft having a 13 /2 inch long vertical shaft mounted perpendicularly thereon which is thereby reciprocated through a 40 arc, which are is bisected by the vertical axis of the vertical shaft.
• a 100 ml. glass stoppered, graduated cylinder having an inside diameter of 1.75 cm. and a height of 24 cm. is centrally clamped at the end of the vertical shaft longitudinally to the shaking motion.
• the cylinder is filled with 49 to 55 ml. of the product.
• the cylinder is agitated for 15 cycles. Each cycle lasts 1.5 seconds.
• the cylinder is then taken oh the apparatus and the phase separation of the product is observed.
• compositions are further characterized by the sharpness of the interface between the two layers in the separted state.
• compositions will have the desirable properties mentioned above, it is essential that they contain four components, namely a water-immiscible oily material making up the upper oily layer and organic detergent system, an emulsion destabilizer and water making up the lower aqueous layer.
• a water-immiscible oily material making up the upper oily layer and organic detergent system
• an emulsion destabilizer and water making up the lower aqueous layer.
• compositions contain from about 5% to about by weight of one or more Water-immiscible oily materials which form the constituent of the upper oily layer of the compositions.
• the amount of oily material is from about 5% to about 20% by weight, while in the composite bubble bath/bath oil compositions the amount of oily material is from about 18% to about 65 by Weight.
• the oily material serves as a skin softener or emollient and as a hair conditioner or hair grooming aid. Amounts of the oily material less than about 5% are not employed, because one does not obtain the desired emollient or conditioning effect, while amounts thereof greater than about 65 are not utilized in view of the fact that foaming power is inadequate.
• Typical suitable oily materials include light to heavy mineral or hydrocarbon oils, such as the light mineral oils having a Saybolt viscosity of 65-75 cps. at F. and a specific gravity of 0.835 to 0.845 at 60 F.; fixed oils or animal and vegetable oils, such as linseed oil, castor oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, safilower oil, almond oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, coconut oil fractions, and sesame oil; synthetic oils which are fatty acid alkyl esters containing a total of from 16 to 22 carbon atoms, such as isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate and isopropyl stearate; and lanolin compounds, such as the well known lanolin esters and lanolin alcohols.
• light mineral oils having a Saybolt viscosity of 65-75 cps. at F. and a specific gravity of 0.835 to 0.845 at 60 F.
• fixed oils or animal and vegetable oils such as
• One of the preferred oily materials is mineral or hydrocarbon oil, because of the sharpness of the interface of the two layers.
• Highly unsaturated triglyceride oils, such as linseed oil and safflower oil, and fatty acid alkyl esters give less sharpness of the interface when used as the sole oily material although they enhance the foaming properies of the compositions when blended in varying amounts with other oily materials, such as mineral or hydrocarbon oil.
• the final oily layer should be liquid at room temperature.
• a foaming organic detergent system which function as a cleansing and foaming agent.
• the amount of the foaming organic detergent system is from about 5% to about 25% by weight, while in the composite shampoo/hair conditioning compositions the amount of the foaming organic detergent system is from about 15% to about 40% by weight.
• the foaming organic detergent system is a water-soluble non-cationic surface active agent, i.e., an anionic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactant, which produces acceptable foam or whose foam is supplemented by a suds improver.
• anionic detergents are the sodium, magnesium, ammonium, mono-, diand triethanolamine salts of sulfated fatty alcohols as well as these salts of the sulfonated alkylaryl compounds, all of which have a total of from 12 to 21 carbon atoms.
• anionic detergents include solium lauryl sulate, sodium oleyl succinate, ammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate.
• Other anionic detergents include triethanolamine laurate-myristate and triethanolamine oleate.
• Nonionic detergents include the alkylene oxide (ethylene oxide and propylene oxile) condensates of a hydrophobic base such as a long chain fatty alcohol or an alkylphenol, and fatty acid alkanolmides.
• a hydrophobic base such as a long chain fatty alcohol or an alkylphenol
• fatty acid alkanolmides such as lauric diethanolamide, coconut oil monoethanolamide and lauric isopropanolamide
• the alkylene oxide condensates of long chain fatty alcohols include C to C fatty alcohols condensed with 3 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide, such as the ethylene oxide condensates of lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol and palmityl alcohol.
• the alkylene oxide condensates of alkylphenols include the alkylphenols having a C C alkyl group condensed with 3 to moles of ethylene oxide, such as the octylphenol-8 mole ethylene oxide condensate, the nonyl phenol-10 mole ethylene oxide condensate and the dodecylphenol-IO mole ethylene oxide condensate.
• Amphoteric or ampholytic detergents include N-lauryl- N'-carboxymethyl-N'- 2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, coco-beta-alanine, and the Miranol compounds described in US. Pats. Nos. 2,528,378 and 2,781,354.
• An optional component generally present in the lower aqueous layer as a part of the foaming organic detergent system is one or more suds improvers which is utilized in the compositions in an amount from about 2% to about 15% by weight. When a suds improver is present, the amount of water-soluable non-cationic surfactant is then from about 3% to about by weight. The suds improver increases the sudsing power and the foam stability of the suds-producing detergent component even in the presence of the oil ingredient.
• Preferred suds improvers include tertiary amine oxides having one radical which is an alkyl radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and two other radicals which are alkyl or hydroxalkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as dimethyl dodecyl oxide, dimethyl cocoamine oxide, dimethyl tetradecyl amine oxide, dimethyl hexadecyl amine oxide and his (2- hydroxyethyl) cocoamine oxide.
• acyl amido-propyl-dimethyl-ammonium-acetic acid betaines such as coconut oil fatty acyl and tallow oil fatty acyl amidopropyl-dimethyl-ammonium-acetic acid betaines
• C to C alkyl-dimethylammonuim-acetic acid betaines such as lauryl, myristyl, palmityl and stearyl-dimethyl-ammonium-acetic acid betaines
• C to C acyl dimethyl ammonium propane-sulfonic acid betaines such as coconut oil fatty acyl and tallow oil fatty acyl dimethyl ammonium propane-sulfonc acid betaines
• C to C alkyl dimethyl ammonium propanesulfonic acid betaines such as lauryl, myristyl, cetyl and stearyl dimethyl ammonium propane-sulfonic acid betaines.
• Other suitable suds improve
• a further essential component of the compositions present in the lower aqueous layer is one or more emulsion destabilizer which is employed in an amount from about 9% to about 45% by weight.
• the amount of the emulsion desta-bilizer is from about 9% to about 28% by Weight, while in the composite bubble bath/bath oil compositions the amount of the emulsion destabilizer is from about 10% to about 45%.
• a minimum of 9% of the emulsion destabilizer is required, because lesser amounts thereof will not satisfactorily destabilize the emulsion which is temporarily formed upon shaking the two-phase liquid detergent compositions.
• the preferred emulsion destablizer is an aliphatic monohydric alcohol having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, normal butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol and heptyl alcohol, and particularly ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.
• Suitable emulsion destablizers include the aliphatic dihydric alcohols having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, such as ethylne glycol, propylene gylcol and hexylene glycol; the monoalkyl ethers of aliphatic dihydric alcohols having a total of from 3 to about 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl and butyl cellosolve; benzyl and phenylethyl alcohols; and dialkyl ketones having a total of from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, such as dimethyl ketone or acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and diethyl ketone.
• the remaining essential component of the compositions present in the lower aqueous layer is water which serves as a solvent medium. Water constitutes substantially the balance of the compositions to give a total of by Weight.
• compositions of the invention contain the above four essential components, other compatible adjuvants can be included therein.
• the upper oily layer can contain a perfume or essential oil or an oil-soluble dye
• the lower aqueous layer can contain a perfume, water-soluble dye, water-soluble silicones, polyvinyl alcohol and inorganic salts, provided the adjuvants do not increase emulsion stability excessively.
• incompatible adjuvants cannot be incorporated into the compositions.
• fatty alcohols having at least 8 carbon atoms, such as decyl alcohol are excluded, because in sufficient amount they may result in the formation of stable oil-in-water emulsions rather than in two-phase compositions having distinct upper and lower layers or else they can cause gelation of the system.
• compositions can be prepared merely by separately blending together the aqueous layer components and the oily layer components and then admixing the two layer formulations prior to use.
• An acceptable usage amount of the composite bubble bath/bath oil compositions is approximately 1 ounce per 20 gallons of bath tub water, while a typical usage amount of the composite shampoo/ hair conditioning compositions is approximately from 0.25 to 1 ounce per shampooing.
• compositions of the invention having the properties set forth hereinabove are exemplified by the formulations set forth below in Table I, wherein Examples 1 and 2 are illustrative of the bubble bath/bath oil compositions TABLE III Percent by weight Example No.
• Examples 3 through 8 are illustrative of the sham- 35 poo/ hair conditioner compositions.
• TABLE VII layer which forms a temporary oil-in-water emulsion b h when shaken consisting essentially of (1) from about 5% w to about 65% by weight of a liquid water-immiscible oily
• Example No. material having skin-softening or emollient and hair-concomponents 36 37 30 ditiomng properties (2) from about 5% to about 1 1 1m t 18 6 18 6 18 6 by weight of a water-soluble organic detergent selected fit iililil'iffitffifnii::::::::::::::::::;:::::: 18:0 18:0 1823 from t group consisting f ani n ni nic and am- O w 011 t y k g e y fi m photenc detergents, (3) from about 9% to about fif f?ff j iii f ⁇ ff ⁇ ff by weight of an emulsion destabil
• the two-phase physical state of the liquid detergent compositions of the invention is critical as noted above.
• more oily material was deposited on hair shampooed with a two-phase composition than with a single-phase composition having the same percentage level of oil.
• a representative two-phase composition containing 10% by Weight of a liquid waterimmiscible oily material produced an acceptable foam or lather and deposited 0.03% of oily material on hair (on 100 grams of hair the amount of oily material taken up by the hair was 0.03 grams)
• a comparable singlephase composition containing 10% by weight of a liquid water-immiscible oily material produced an unacceptable foam or lather and deposited only 0.006% of oily material on hair.
• the amount of oily material in the singlephase composition was reduced to only 0.5% by weight in order to produce an acceptable foam or lather, then the single-phase composition deposited only 0.0005 of oily material on hair.
• a high foaming two-phase liquid detergent composition having an upper oily layer and lower aqueous alkyl ketones having a total of from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and (4) the balance substantially Water; said amounts being adjusted within said ranges to give said high foaming two-phase liquid composition.
• liquid water-immiscible oily material is a blend of mineral oil and an unsaturated triglyceride oil.
• a high foaming two-phase liquid composite shampoo/hair conditioning composition having an upper oily layer and lower aqueous layer which forms a temporary oil-in-water emulsion when shaken consisting essentially of (1) from about 5% to about 20% by weight of a liquid water-immiscible oily material having hair-conditioning properties, (2) from about 15% to about 40% by weight of a water-soluble organic detergent selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic and amphoteric detergents, (3) from about 9% to about 28% by Weight of an emulsion destabilizer selected from the group consisting of alkanols having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, glycols having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, monoalkyl ethers of glycols having a total of from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl and phenyl ethyl alcohols, and dialkyl ketones having a total of from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and (4) the balance substantially water; said amounts being adjusted within said ranges to give said
• a high foaming two-phase liquid composite bubble bath/bath oil composition having an upper oily layer and a lower aqueous layer which forms a temporary oilin-water emulsion when shaken consisting essentially of (1) from about 18% to about 65 by weight of a liquid water-immiscible oily material having skin-softening or emollient properties, (2) from about 5% to about 25% by weight of a water-soluble organic detergent selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic and amphoteric detergents, (3) from about 10% to about 45% by weight of an emulsion destabilizer selected from the group consisting of alkanols having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, glycols having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, monoalkyl ethers of glycols having a total of from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl and phenyl ethyl alcohols, and dialkyl ketones having a total of from 3 to carbon atoms, and (4) the balance substantially water; said amounts
• a high foaming two-phase liquid detergent composition having an upper oily layer and a lower aqueous layer which forms a temporary oil-in-water emulsion when shaken consisting essentially of (1) from about 5% to about 65% by weight of a liquid water-immiscible oily material having skin-softening or emollient and hair-conditioning properties, (2) from about 3% to about 25% by weight of a water-soluble organic detergent selected from the group consisting of an anionic, nonionic and amphoteric detergents, (3) from about 2% to about by weight of a suds improver, (4) from about 9% to about 45 by weight of an emulsion destabilizer selected from the group consisting of alkanols having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, glycols having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, monoalkyl ethers of glycols having a total of from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, benzyl and phenyl ethyl alcohols, and dialkyl ketones having a
• a high foaming two-phase liquid detergent composition having an upper oily layer and lower aqueous layer which forms a temporary oil-in-water emulsion when shaken consisting essentially of (1) from about 5% to about 65% by weight of a liquid water-immiscible oily material selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, fixed oils, fatty acid alkyl esters containing a total of from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and lanolin, (2) from about 3% to about by weight of a synthetic organic anionic nonsoap detergent selected from the group consisting of sulfonated and sulfated anionic detergents, (3) from about 2% to about 15% by weight of a suds improver selected from the group consisting of tertiary amine oxides having one radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and the other two radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, fatty acid alkanol
• a high foaming two-phase liquid detergent composition having an upper oily layer and lower aqueous layer which forms a temporary oil-in-water emulsion when shaken consisting essentially of (1) from about 5% to about by weight of a mineral oil, (2) from about 3% to about 25 by weight of a synthetic organic anionic nonsoap detergent selected from the group consisting of sulfonated and sulfated anionic detergents, (3) from about 2% to about 15% by weight of a tertiary amine oxide suds improver having one radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and the other two radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (4) from about 9% to about 45% by weight of an alkanol having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and (5 the balance substantially water, said amounts being adjusted within said ranges to give said high foaming two-phase liquid composition.
• a high foaming two-phase liquid detergent composition having an upper oily layer and lower aqueous layer which forms a temporary oil-in-water emulsion when shaken consisting essentially of (1) from about 5% to about 65% by weight of a light mineral oil, (2) from about 3% to about 25% by weight of a synthetic organic anionic sulfated nonsoap detergent having from 12 to 21 carbon atoms, (3) from about 2% to about 15 by weight of a tertiary amine oxide suds improved having one radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from '8 to 18 carbon atoms and the other two radicals being selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (4) from about 9% to about 45% by weight of ethyl alcohol, and (5) the balance substantially water, said amounts being adjusted within said ranges to give said high foaming two-phase liquid composition.
• the water-soluble organic detergent is a syntheic organic anionic sulfated nonsoap detergent having from 12 to 21 carbon atoms
• the suds improver is a tertiary amine oxide having one radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and the other two radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• composition as set forth in claim 5 wherein the water-soluble organic detergent is a synthetic organic anionic sulfated nonsoap detergent having from 12 to 21 carbon atoms and the suds improver is a C to C acyl dimethyl-ammonium propanesulfonic acid betaine.
• composition as set forth in claim 5 wherein the water-soluble organic detergent is a synthetic organic anionic sulfated nonsoap detergent having from 12 to 21 carbon atoms and the suds improver is a C to C alkyl dimethyl ammonium propanesulfonic acid betaine.
• a high foaming two-phase liquid composite shampoo/hair conditioning composition having an upper oily layer and a lower aqueous layer which forms a temporary oil-in-water emulsion when shaken consisting essentially of the following components in the approximately indicated weight proportions:
• (neobee 0)" should be (Neobee 0% line 15, (ricilan C) should be (Ricilan C) line 1
• "Ethylalcohohol” should be Ethyl alcohol line 5 of Table VII under Example 37
• the figure “18.3” should be 18.0 -3 line 11 of Table VII under Example 37
• the figure “9.0” should be 9.5
• "improved” should be improver --5 line 31 'syntheic should be synthetic -5 line 73
• betane should be be betaine SIGNED mm smsn M9 1971 m1 1:. an.

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Cited By (77)

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Citations (7)

• 0
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• 1965
  • 1965-06-15 US US464217A patent/US3533955A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1966
  • 1966-06-13 CH CH847466A patent/CH470182A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1966-06-13 SE SE8051/66A patent/SE315675B/xx unknown
  • 1966-06-13 GB GB26240/66A patent/GB1133870A/en not_active Expired
  • 1966-06-14 DK DK306066AA patent/DK128657B/da unknown
  • 1966-06-14 FI FI661568A patent/FI47960C/fi active
  • 1966-06-14 AT AT564766A patent/AT271684B/de active
  • 1966-06-14 NL NL6608258A patent/NL6608258A/xx unknown
  • 1966-06-14 DE DE19661617208 patent/DE1617208A1/de active Pending
  • 1966-06-14 FR FR65421A patent/FR1489243A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1966-06-14 ES ES0327923A patent/ES327923A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1966-06-15 BE BE682583D patent/BE682583A/xx unknown
  • 1966-06-15 LU LU51328D patent/LU51328A1/xx unknown

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