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US3529413A - Drawn intermingled yarn - Google Patents

Drawn intermingled yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3529413A
US3529413A US768934A US3529413DA US3529413A US 3529413 A US3529413 A US 3529413A US 768934 A US768934 A US 768934A US 3529413D A US3529413D A US 3529413DA US 3529413 A US3529413 A US 3529413A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
filaments
air
draw
drawn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US768934A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henry James Marrinan
Nigel John Barnett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Publication of US3529413A publication Critical patent/US3529413A/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/227—Control of the stretching tension; Localisation of the stretching neck; Draw-pins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/222—Stretching in a gaseous atmosphere or in a fluid bed
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/229—Relaxing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/908—Jet interlaced or intermingled

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for drawing synthetic linear polymer filaments which are in an undrawn state, defined in that the natural draw ratio at room temperature makes them capable of elongating at least twice their length.
  • each filament should be drawn at a temperature appropriate to its own birefringence, and hence should be free of influence or constraint from neighbouring filaments at the critical position where the drawing is taking place.
  • the filaments should be spaced apart by fiuid jets, e.g. similar to the air ejector used in our B.P. 723,920, which claims a process for making a tow from a number of bundles of continuous artificial filaments which comprises subjecting the bundles to a treatment such that an electrostatic charge is induced on the filaments prior to or during the feeding of the bundles into a tube through which a current of air fiows, characterised in that the current of air is under a pressure of 60 to 100 lb. per square inch.
  • a current of air fiows characterised in that the current of air is under a pressure of 60 to 100 lb. per square inch.
  • high velocity jets which cause turbulenece and which may be opposed to each other to impinge on filaments in yarn, so as to cause displacement of the filaments which are under drawing tension and which makes it possible for the filaments to be drawn at a temperature appropriate to their own birefringence, in this Way coupling between the filaments is reduced.
  • the filaments which are in an undrawn state are defined in that the natural draw ratio at room temperature makes them capable of elongating them at least twice their length.
  • the turbulent fluid stream in addition to its above function can be used to intermingle the filaments to produce a cohesive yarn and also to continue heating the filaments over a short interval which may extend as far as the draw rolls but we prefer not to exceed 2 inches, while continuing to apply said force and drawing tension, followed by winding or forwarding the drawn filaments after cooling substantially to room temperature, before being wound up. Under these conditions the filaments are drawn at a temperature appropriate to each individual birefringence.
  • the filaments before being wound up may be subjected to a continuous crimping operation.
  • One such crimping operation may effectively be carried out by a unilateral heat treatment as disclosed in B P. 808,213 when the filaments are made potentially crimpable by passing them over a narrow surface heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the filaments, followed by heat relaxing the filaments preferably in a hot air stream, before being wound up.
  • These yarns have unusual properties including improved bulk and heat stability not obtainable by prior art methods.
  • the narrow heated surface may be inserted after the fiuid stream before or behind the draw rolls and preferably before the wind-up and when the filaments are already in their drawn condition.
  • the narrow surface is inserted behind the fluid stream in front of the drawing roll after the yarn has passed the idler roll associated with the draw roll.
  • the filament may be crimped by false twisting. This may be done by inserting a false twist in the yarn either before the draw rolls as disclosed in B.P. 777,625 but with means to prevent the false twist from running back into the draw zone of the air jet device, and without a snubbing pin; or by inserting the false twist after the draw rolls but before the wind-up. In each case a heater is required to heat set the imparted false twist before the filaments are wound up.
  • FIG. l is a side view of a drawing apparatus with an air jet.
  • FIG. 2 is a more detailed sectional view of the air jet used in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a false twisting device with heater for use in the apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a heater for potentially crimping yarn for use in the apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • undrawn yarn .1 coming from a spin bobbin 2 over pigtail guide 3 is passed in several loops round driven feed roll 4 with associated idler roll 5, then to a double air jet 6 fitted with air stream valve 7 and electric heater for the air 7a and reducing valve 7b. From the air jet the yarn is passed through a gap of air f ambient temperature before reaching the draw roll 8 driven at a faster speed to give the required draw ratio.
  • the yarn is looped round the draw roll with associated idler roll 9 before passing to guide 10 and to be woundup with the ring and traveller 11 with a vertical traverse 11a on draw twist bobbin 12.
  • a side-wound bobbin wind-up may with horizontal traverse be used.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of an air jet device for use in a position as shown in FIG. l at 6 comprising air inlet tapering ducts 6a and 6b with a passageway 6c for the yarn.
  • a heated narrow surface as disclosed in B.P. 808,213 or an indirectly heated narrow surface 16 may be inserted in any one of the following positions marked B, C or D.
  • the narrow surface of FIG. 4 is shown in side view and is turned 90 for use in FIG. 1.
  • the filaments become potentially crimped.
  • they are heat relaxed in a heater tube (not shown) with hot air, before being finally wound-up.
  • a false twisting device .14 shown in FIG. 3 may be inserted at B and in that case a baffle between the air jet device 6 may be provided to heat set the false twist imparted by the false twisting device 14 provided that the false twist is not allowed to run back into the .draw zone of the air jet device 6. This may be prevented by introducing a pin or a guide 13 or an idler roll behind the air jet device 6 and before the false twister such as 14 at B.
  • the false twisting device may be inserted at D but in that case the distance between the draw roll with associated idler roll S and 9 and the pigtail guide and the wind-up device must be sufficiently extended to make room for a heating device 15 suitable for heat setting the imparted twist from the inserted false twisting device 14.
  • yarn supply means such as a spin bobbin
  • feed rolls for removing the yarn from the yarn supply means and for forwarding them to draw rolls with means for rotating the draw rolls at a surface speed at least twice that of the feed rolls
  • high velocity liuid jet means interposed between the feed rolls and the draw rolls with means for heating the fluid and means for controlling the uid temperature and pressure before it leaves the ud jet, and means for forwarding or winding the filaments.
  • a device for heat relaxing the potentially crimped filaments may be provided which will heat the filaments and permit a required relaxation with further sets of driven rolls, preferably before the yarn is wound up.
  • the drawing tension which may be used is 0.6 gram per denier at a draw ratio of l to 3.12 in the case of polyethylene terephthalate filaments; this drawing tension is greater at higher draw ratios and lower at lower draw ratios.
  • textile processing performance we mean at least one of the following processing steps in which the yarns may be used without further insertion of twist or sizing when winding, coning, doubling, knitting, weaving or similar processes in which yarns are used for conversion into fabrics.
  • the synthetic linear polymer filaments which can be drawn according to the process of our invention may be chosen from one of the following fibre-forming polymers, polyesters derived from terephthalic acid, such polyesters containing minor proportion of a second component copolymerisable with the polyester, polyamides, particularly nylon and polyolens particularly those containing 70-100% of isotactic propylene.
  • the undrawn yarns were made by meltspinning polyethylene terephthalate, but it will be appreciated that undrawn yarns which have been meltspun from other synthetic fibre-forming polyesters may be similarly processed.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate undrawn yarn having a birefringence of 8.0 103 was unwound and passed through ⁇ a turbulent air zone created by high velocity air jets coming from a pressure vessel under 60 pounds per square inch pressure which was heated with an electrical heater, regulated through a variable transformer to attain the desired temperature, the measurement being made by a thermocouple in the air duct after passing the heater.
  • a conventional feed roll and separator roll was used to unwind the yarn from a yarn supply and it was then fed through the heated air device below which the yarn is taken up by a faster rotating draw-roll, the speed of which is adjustable to give a predetermined fixed draw ratio.
  • Draw ratios of 1:3 to 1:4.5 have been used successf-ully at wind-up speeds between 100 and 800 meters per minute but there is no apparent reason why this device should not be operated at greater .wind-up speeds.
  • Air temperature between 100 C. and 400 C. gave good results.
  • Various types of air jets l were tried in which the air impinged at right angles, obliquely or substantially parallel to the initial yarn axis.
  • the yarn passageway may be fluted so that the air supplied to the device ⁇ may be made to exhaust preferentially through one end or the other. In this 'way a tensioning effect on the yarn is obtained.
  • a snubbing pin over which the yarn is passed, is known for drawing, and this is replaced in our drawing process with the iiuid jet, if desire'd and as illustrated in the examples.
  • Example l In Example l the yarn twas drawn under tension of about 35 g. through an air ejector with a yarn passage- 'way length of 2 and opposed air jets in this instance at 180 C. to each other, centrally disposed in, and at right angles to the yarn passageway.
  • the diameter of the yarn passageway was 0.070", and the jet diameter 0.050.
  • the yarn produced was free of undrawn filaments as shown by dye-eck testing (24,000 ft. wound on a bobbin and dyed) and the following properties were found: shrinkage in boiling water 11.5%, extension at break 15.5%, tenacity 4.4 g.p.d. and cohesive density as shown by a needle displacement test 10.5 i.p.m. (intermingled places per meter when side-wound as a iiat yarn).
  • Example 2 In Example 2 the same input yarn was used, but with an air ejector of the following dimensions: yarn passageway length l and diameter 0.060". Air jet diameter 0.80. The configuration of the jets was as in Example 1, the air supply temperature was 230 C. The yarn produced was again free of undrawn filaments and had the following properties: Boiling water shrinkage 7.8%, extension at break 23.2%, tenacity 5.0 g.p.d., the yarn was integrated and cohesive to a density of 8.5 i.p.m., tested as before.
  • Example 3 The same air injector and yarn as for lExample 2. were used, but at an air pressure of 45 p.s.i.g. and a. supply temperature of 200 C.
  • the yarn produced had a residual shrinkage of 12.4%, extension at break of 23.4% and a tenacity of 4.8 g.p.d
  • Example 4 The same air ejector and yarns were used, as in Ex. 2, but the air temperature and pressure were 200 C. and 80 p.s.i.g. respectively.
  • the yarn had a tenacity of 4.9 g.p.d., extension at break of 17.4%, a coefficient of variation of denier of less than 1.5% and was free of undrawn filaments as before.
  • Example 5 used a higher draw ratio of 3.8.2:1.
  • the air ejector as in Example 2 lwas used to draw yarn at a temperature of air supply of 240 C.
  • the yarn produced had a shrinkage of 9.8%, extension at break of 13.9%, tenacity of 5.96 g.p.d. and an integrated and cohesive density of 6.0 i.p.m.
  • Examples 6 and 7 Polyethylene terephthalate yarn of 0.67 intrinsic viscosity, 84x103 birefringence, dull 50/24 ,(denier/ilaments) was drawn at a draw speed of 1500 ft./min. using an air ejector yarn passageway length of 11A".
  • the angle of the air jets was 40 to the yarn passageway.
  • the yarn passageway diam. was 0.075"
  • the air jet diameter .050 the temperatures for the air streams used and the resulting yarn properties are given in the following table.
  • the filaments in the resultant yarns were sufficiently intermingled to significantly improve the weaving and knitting behaviour of the yarn, both when it ⁇ was wound on a draw twist spindle which inserted about 3%; turns per inch on the yarn, as well as when it was wound as a fiat yarn on a side windup, compared with yarns drawn without the fluid jets. Under the conditions of the test the yarns exhibited a reduced incidence of dye-hecks.
  • the coherence of the filaments in the yarns referred to in the examples is brought about by a process of false plating in which the filaments are separated and entangled in turbulent air streams.
  • the amount of coherence due to this false plating can be measured, e.g. by inserting a needle in the yarn so that there is approximately an equal number of filaments on either side of the needle, the yarn being free from normal twist and any adhesive, and under a tension equal to 1/5 of the total denier, but not exceeding gm., and at a rate of traverse of the needle through the yarn of about 1 cm./ second.
  • the number of cohesive points, due to the intermingling, per metre is given by 50 divided by the mean distance travelled by the needle for atleast 50 tests.
  • the filaments are intermingledand it should be appreciated that this intermingling occurs after drawingnwe find that the textile processing performance of the yarn with the intermingled filaments is superior to that of an untwisted fiat yarn of the same composition, iilament count and denier; particularly if the cohesive density of the yarn is of the order illustrated in the examples. Yarns with 6-12 i.p.m. (intermingled places per metre) are desirable.
  • Drawn intermingled yarn having a. cohesive density of 6-12 intermingled places per metre wherein the yarn is composed of filaments of polyethylene terephthalate and has a shrinkage in boiling water between 4 and 12%, an extension at break of between about 15 and 24%, a tenacity in excess of about 4 grams per denier, the lilaments in the yarn being integrated by random intermingling to give said 6-12 intermingled places per metre when side wound in the absence of twist on a side wound bobbin, said yarn Ibeing so uniform as to give zero incidence of dye-necks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US768934A 1962-10-16 1968-10-18 Drawn intermingled yarn Expired - Lifetime US3529413A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB39158/62A GB1037997A (en) 1962-10-16 1962-10-16 Drawing synthetic filaments

Publications (1)

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US3529413A true US3529413A (en) 1970-09-22

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US (1) US3529413A (fr)
BE (1) BE638757A (fr)
DE (1) DE1435501A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1037997A (fr)
NL (1) NL299239A (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3824778A (en) * 1972-09-25 1974-07-23 Burlington Industries Inc Heating procedure in a false twist texturizing process
US4035464A (en) * 1974-07-20 1977-07-12 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of polyamide-6 filament yarns
US4096890A (en) * 1974-11-12 1978-06-27 Toray Industries, Inc. Woven fabric utilizing a particular textured yarn and method for manufacturing the same
US4100725A (en) * 1975-07-25 1978-07-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Yarn having alternating entangled and unentangled lengths
US4242862A (en) * 1975-12-11 1981-01-06 Toray Industries, Inc. Multifilament yarn having novel configuration and a method for producing the same
US4251481A (en) * 1979-05-24 1981-02-17 Allied Chemical Corporation Continuous spin-draw polyester process
US4622187A (en) * 1984-05-23 1986-11-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Continuous process for making interlaced polyester yarns
US4628682A (en) * 1983-07-04 1986-12-16 Rhone-Poulenc Fibres Spun fibre yarn and method for its manufacture
US5827464A (en) * 1991-01-29 1998-10-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Making high filament count fine filament polyester yarns

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5146876B2 (fr) * 1972-03-08 1976-12-11

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB758398A (en) * 1954-05-07 1956-10-03 Ici Ltd Drawing filaments, films and like articles
US3069836A (en) * 1958-08-01 1962-12-25 Du Pont Yarn relaxation process using fluid jets
US3110151A (en) * 1961-05-26 1963-11-12 Du Pont Process for producing compact interlaced yarn
US3303169A (en) * 1962-01-18 1967-02-07 Du Pont High-modulus, high-tenacity, lowshrinkage polyamide yarn

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB758398A (en) * 1954-05-07 1956-10-03 Ici Ltd Drawing filaments, films and like articles
US3069836A (en) * 1958-08-01 1962-12-25 Du Pont Yarn relaxation process using fluid jets
US3110151A (en) * 1961-05-26 1963-11-12 Du Pont Process for producing compact interlaced yarn
US3303169A (en) * 1962-01-18 1967-02-07 Du Pont High-modulus, high-tenacity, lowshrinkage polyamide yarn

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3824778A (en) * 1972-09-25 1974-07-23 Burlington Industries Inc Heating procedure in a false twist texturizing process
US4035464A (en) * 1974-07-20 1977-07-12 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of polyamide-6 filament yarns
US4096890A (en) * 1974-11-12 1978-06-27 Toray Industries, Inc. Woven fabric utilizing a particular textured yarn and method for manufacturing the same
US4100725A (en) * 1975-07-25 1978-07-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Yarn having alternating entangled and unentangled lengths
US4242862A (en) * 1975-12-11 1981-01-06 Toray Industries, Inc. Multifilament yarn having novel configuration and a method for producing the same
US4251481A (en) * 1979-05-24 1981-02-17 Allied Chemical Corporation Continuous spin-draw polyester process
US4628682A (en) * 1983-07-04 1986-12-16 Rhone-Poulenc Fibres Spun fibre yarn and method for its manufacture
US4622187A (en) * 1984-05-23 1986-11-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Continuous process for making interlaced polyester yarns
US5827464A (en) * 1991-01-29 1998-10-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Making high filament count fine filament polyester yarns

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Publication number Publication date
DE1435501A1 (de) 1969-04-17
GB1037997A (en) 1966-08-03
BE638757A (fr)
NL299239A (fr)

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