US349043A - Cornelius herz - Google Patents

Description

(N o Model.)

-UHERZ.

TELEPHONE.

Patented Sept. 14, 1886.

NNN

+ illll l UNITED STATESv PATENT (Darien.

co'aNiiLiUs HERZ, or rams, FRANCE.

TELEPHONE.

SPECIFICATICN forming part of Letters Patent No. 349,0lf3,l dated September 14, 1886.

Application iilctl March 3, 1886. Serial No. 193,894.

y citizen of the United States, residingat Paris,

` inthe Department of the Seine, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telephones, 'of which the following is aspcciication.

The ordinary telephonie apparatus consists of a number of independent distinctive parts, which are located near each other, but still at different points ofthe station. Each element of the apparatus preserves its independent individuality, and all are connected with each other by conductors and switches. These connections are always more or less complex, and

in the higher organized instruments they become quite confusing, to such an extent that very frequently the best electricians nd it difficult to trace the circuits. Thus, when an apparatus is being mounted at a station, those having charge of the work are continually seen in search of the proper connections.

Muchtime is thereby lost and the cost of the installation is proportionally increased. Another source of inconvenience in the ordinary telephonie apparatus is found in the considerable size of the transmitter and in the fact that the operator is compelled to assume a certain definitive position in rel-ation to the same. Holding the receiver to his car, he must turn his head toward and approach closely to the transmitter. The attention of the operator, which should be confined to the conversation, is, in a great measure, diverted toward the proper management of the instruments, as is well known by everybody, and whenever the operator fails to properly divide his attention the conversation becomes a source of annoyance. By the person with whom he is in communication he is constantly requested to speak louder or lower, to retreat from or to approach the transmitter more or less, and he is obliged to make the same requests.

It is the object of my present invention to overcome in a great measure all these diiiculties; and to this end I have constructed an apparatus which comprises in one individual structure a transmitter, a receiver, and a pushbutton, and I have succeeded in embodying all (No model.)

these parts in a form similar to the ordinary magneto-receiver, all of which will more fully appear from the following description,in which reference is made to the accompanying drawing, which forms a part thereof, and which represents two station apparatus showing my combined transmitter, receiver, and push-button in section and the bells and line-circuits in diagram. t

The instruments are the same at both stations, and I shall therefore confine myself to the description of the instrument at station 1. The exterior of the apparatus is very similar to the ordinary magneto-telephone.

whichis contracted at one end and flaring at the other end, a cylinder, G, which is connected to the flaring end of the shell by a screwring, K, and a mouth-piece, H. The shell F contains the inductorium I, the push-button L, the switchbutton M, switch-arm T, and the microphone. The diaphragm N of the microphone is applied to the open flaring end of the shell by screws or otherwise. Behind the diaphragm, which is made of conducting material, and parallel thereto is a bar, O, of insulating material, iixed to the walls of the shell, and in the center of said bar is located a small tube, a, of carbon or other microphonc substance. A, carbon pin passes loosely through tube c, and is at one end in contact with the diaphragm. This contact is maintained and regulated by a'spring, c, having a button, b, at one end, which presses upon the pin within tube a, as shown. 'Ihe spring c is secured to the rear of bar O by means of two screws, and by tightening or loosening one of these screws the contact is adjusted.' Other suitable means of. adjustment may, however, be employed.

To a flange on the cylinder Gr there is secured a magnet, I), having the form of a 'Hat rectangular frame, which is axially polarized, and to which the polar extensions Q are secured, to the ends of which the cores and magnet-coils It R are applied. The diaphragm S of the receiver is held in place by the mouthpiece H. rIhe shell F has a series of perforations, V, immediately behind the bar O, and the ring K has similar perforations, XV, which communicate withthe space between the dia- It convsists, essentially, of an elongated shell, F,

ICO

phragin N and the re-entering flange of cylinder G. These perforations are the soundopenings for the microphone, and through them the sounds emitted by the operator are conducted to the diaphragm O while the instrument is held to the ear, as will be more fully explained further on. A push-button, L, when depressed, establishes contact between spring d and fixed contact-piece c. An elastic switch-arm, T, is fixed at one end and is operated by a button, M, projecting through the side oi' the shell F, like push-button L. Said switch-arm has secured upon one side, but insulated therefrom, a metal plate,

f, which is adapted to make contact with fixed contact-pieces g and h. On the same side of the switch-arm there is also a contactpieee, z', while on the other side there is a contact-piece, j, in the path of the end ot' the switch -arm. The tendency of the elastic switch-arm is to make contact with j; but when button M is depressed said contact is broken, while contact of the arm with 'L' is established, and at the same time plate 7" makes contact with g and h.

The eireuit-connections within the instrument are very clearlyillustrated, and need not be speciiicall y described; but they will be referred to in the description of the operation.

IVhen there are only two stations connected, as shown in the drawing, there are four line-wires, A B C D. Between C and D the battery is placed, and branches A B C' D run from the line-wires' to the telephone. These wires are in practice bnnehed together', and are distinguished from each other by different colors. A signaling-bell connects on one side with wire D', and on the other side by a wire, E, with contact-piece j of the telephone. The line-wires A and B are crossed in the drawing, for convenience ol illustration.

The operation of this apparatus is as follows: If station I desires to establish communication, the operator grasps the instrument so as to press upon button L without touching the switch-button M. Contact between d and c is thereby established, which closes the belleircuit for station B-viz., from the positive pole ofthe battery over line D, to and through wire D of station 2, through the bell of that station, wire E, contact j, switch -arm T, wires l and B', to line D, back to station l.. At this station the circuit proceeds over wire B to contact c, spring d, wire O, and linewire C to the negative pole of the battery. The operator at station 2 being thus notified that station l desires to speak, will grasp the instrument, so as to depress button L, without, however, touching the switch-button M. This closes the bell-circuitfor station l, which circuit need not be here described, since it is in all respects like that oi' the bell-circuit of station 2. Both operators now relieve the pressure upon buttons L, and each of them depresses the switch-button M, whereby the microphone-circuits for both stations and also the common receiver-circuits are closed.

For station l the microphone circuit is 'from the positive pole ofthe battery over lincwire D, conductor D', to the diaphragm N ol' the microphone, through the microphone, and from tube a oi' the same by a wire, m, to contact g, over insulated plate f to contact 71,

and by wire I to and through the primary of the inductoriuln, from where it issues at l, and runs to the ixed end of spring d, then over wire C and line-wire C back to the negative pole of the battery. The microphonecircuit for station 2 is quite similar, and need not be described.

The comlnon receiver circuit is from the secondary of the inductorium of station I, by wire :2,to and through magnet-coils It Lto the fixed contact e, over conductor D and linewire B, to station 2, where it enters at D', which at that station connects by a wire, Z, with the switch-arm T. From T the circuit is over contact i, and by wire 2 lo and through the secondary of the inductorium,and by wire 2 to and through the magnet to contact e. From c the circuit continues over conductor A and line-wire A, back to station whereit enters by Conductor A', running by wire Z to switch-arm T, and by contact and wire 2 back to the secondary of the inductorium. During conversation the instrument is constantly heid against the ear,and the words are uttered in the ordinary tone of conversation without directing them to any particular point. The sound-waves emanating from the mouth of the speaker expand in concentric spheres in all directions,and entering through the holes V and 1W, the microphone is operated in the ordinary manner.

In instruments which I have constructed, and of which the drawing here described is aslightl y exaggerated illustration, I have found that conversation can be carried on with great comfort without at any time removing the same from the ear.

It will be observed that the bellsand microphones are in multiple-arc branches from the battery-line conductors, and this arrangement ICO TIO

enables me to arrange any desired number of stations all in condition to call and converse with every other station without disturbing the other stations. This I have shown, described, and claimed in another application filed by me, andI make no claim to such matter in this application.

\Vhat I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A portable telephonieapparatus consisting of a magneto receiver, a microphonic transmitter arranged behind and supported independently o1' the same, a signaling pushbutton, and suitable circuit-eonneetions, substantiall y as described.

2. In a portable telephonie station apparatus, the combination o1' a microphone with a magneto-receiver covcri ng the same and soundanother push-button, similarly located, operating a switch within the case for closingend opening the microphone and line-circuit, subr 5 Stantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

CORNELIUS HERZ.

Witnesses:

GEORGE WALKER, JOSEPH LYoNs.

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