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US3454201A - Discharge mechanism for bottom pouring steel ladle - Google Patents

Discharge mechanism for bottom pouring steel ladle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3454201A
US3454201A US733741A US3454201DA US3454201A US 3454201 A US3454201 A US 3454201A US 733741 A US733741 A US 733741A US 3454201D A US3454201D A US 3454201DA US 3454201 A US3454201 A US 3454201A
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United States
Prior art keywords
plate
insert
well
ladle
wall
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Expired - Lifetime
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US733741A
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English (en)
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Ernesto Fichera
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
    • B22D41/24—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings characterised by a rectilinearly movable plate

Definitions

  • a bottom pouring steel ladle having a well in the bottom of its lining and a downwardly flaring tubular plug in the bottom of the well to form a portion of the pouring duct is equipped with an apertured, horizontally movable gate held against the outside of the ladle shell by clamping screws in pressure transmitting engagement with the plug to retain the same in its operative position.
  • This invention relates to steel making, and particularly to a discharge mechanism for a bottom pouring steel ladle.
  • An object of the invention is the provision of a discharge mechanism for a bottom pouring ladle whose refractory elements are more resistant to attack by the molten metal than elements of the same material in the known devices.
  • Another object is the provision of a discharge arrangement in which metal attack is concentrated on a small, disposable refractory element which may be replaced at small cost, and in which the disposable refractory element can be replaced simply, rapidly, and without requiring shutdown of the ladle for an appreciable time.
  • the invention in one of its aspects resides in the specific configuration of a well aligned with the opening in the bottom plate and having a common axis with a pouring duct which leads outward of the ladle shell through the opening.
  • the well and a portion of the duct are defined by the refractory lining in the shell.
  • the well has a side wall which tapers toward the duct, and a relatively wide annular bottom wall about an orifice of the duct, the bottom wall being angularly offset from the side wall toward the common axis.
  • the duct orifice and respective portions of the bottom wall and of the duct contiguously adjacent the orifice are constituted by a well insert which is a part of the lining and is axially movable relative to the tapering side wall of the well.
  • the well insert is retained in position against axial outward movement by means which include a gate assembly mounted on the outside of the shell and sealingly engaging the lining.
  • Another portion of the pouring duct extends through the gate assembly which may be moved transversely of the common axis of well and duct 3,454,201 Patented July 8, 1969 toward and away from a position of axial alignment of the duct portions.
  • FIG. 1 shows a steel ladle equipped with the discharge mechanism of the invention in fragmentary, elevational, sectional view.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modification and FIG. 3 is a fragmentary bottom plan view of the device of FIG. 1, and similarly illustrative of the device of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 there is seen a portion of a steel ladle of the general type illustrated and described in The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel (US. Steel Co., 6th ed., 1951), pages 448-452, but provided with the discharge mechanism of the invention.
  • the outer metal shell of the ladle includes a side wall 1 and a bottom plate 2, and is protected over most of its inner surface by [a refractory lining of which a portion 3 extends over the side wall 1 and a bottom portion 4 covers the bottom plate 2 with the exception of an annular area about a circular opening 12 in the plate 2.
  • the portion of the plate about the opening 12 is protected by a refractory well block 14 of circular cross section. Its conical outer wall 13 tapers upwardly and is engaged by the bottom lining 4. Its top face 15 is flush with that lining. An integral annular ridge portion 16 of the block 14 extends into the opening 12, and its bottom face is flush with that of the plate 2. The block 14 is thereby locked in position by the lining portion 4.
  • a vertical axial passage through the well block 14' has a conical wall 17 which tapers sharply downward from the top face 15.
  • the central passage portion 18 is also conical, but it flares gently in a downward direction.
  • a shoulder in the passage connects the central portion 18 with a terminal cylindrical portion 22 of greater diameter.
  • a replaceable, plug-shaped, refractory well insert 19 is conformingly received in the passage portions 18 and 22.
  • the annular top face of the insert 19 forms the flat horizontal bottom of a well whose sides are formed by the wall 17 of the block 14.
  • a conical outer wall 20 of the insert 19 is axially approximately coextensive with the central passage portion 18, and a terminal integral flange 24 at the bottom end of the insert 19 is received in the cylindrical passage portion 22 and abuts against the shoulder of the well block 14.
  • the bottom face 23 of the insert 19 is flush with that of the ridge portion 16.
  • a cylindrical axial bore 21 in the insert 19 is aligned with an aperture 10 of the same cross section in a refractory plate 6 whose size is sufficient to cover the opening 12 in simultaneous abutting engagement with the bottom faces of the base plate 2, the ridge portion 16, and the insert 19.
  • the plate 6 is laterally held in position by a steel frame 5 attached to the base plate 2 by bolts 25, and slightly projects downward from the frame.
  • Heavy clamping screws 26 secure a cover 27 to the frame 5.
  • the flat top face of the cover 27 supports a horizontally movable steel gate 7.
  • the vertical position of the cover 27 is adjustable by means of the screws 26 in such a manner that an apertured plate 8 of refractory material which is set into the gate 7 and projects slightly above the top face of the same, is urged upward into seal ing engagement with the plate 6, and thereby prevents movement of the plate 6 away from the insert 19.
  • a double acting hydraulic cylinder 28 is mounted on the frame 5. Its piston rod 29 is fastened to the gate 7 to move the gate toward and away from a non-illusof the device of FIG. 1;
  • a nozzle of downwardly tapering conical external shape is fastened in the gate 7 subjacent the plate 8 in such a manner that the bore 21, the apertures 10, 30 and an axial passage 11 in the nozzle 9 constitute a continuous uniform, cylindrical pouring duct from the interior of the ladle to the ambient atmosphere.
  • the nozzle 9 projects downward through an opening in the cover 27 which is shaped to permit the movement of the nozzle 9 with the gate 7.
  • the plug insert 19' and the stationary plate 6' form a unitary integral insert which combines all features and functions of the separate elements 6 and 9 described hereinabove.
  • FIG. 3 shows in more detail how the cover 27 is fastened to the frame 5.
  • Six bifurcated lugs 31 of the cover are slidably received in corresponding notches of the frame 5, and are abuttingly engaged by the screws 26.
  • the discharge mechanism of the invention is operated as follows:
  • the non-illustrated hydraulic circuit of the cylinder 28 is actuated to shift the gate 7 toward the right, as viewed in FIGS. 1 and 2, until the apertures 10, 30 are axially aligned.
  • the molten steel passing through the pouring duct attacks mainly the well insert 19, and particularly the surfaces at the orifice f the bore 21 in the top face.
  • the static pressure of the liquid metal is highest on the fiat top face of the insert 19, and significantly higher than on the conical wall 17 of the Well block 14.
  • Turbulence in the melt is highest at the orifice of the bore 19 and decreases sharply in the pouring duct in a direction away from the top orifice.
  • There is a minor amount of turbulence in the well due to the obtuse angle enclosed by the wall 17 and the top face of the insert 19.
  • Such turbulence has been found to keep the velocity of the metal at the wall 17 significantly lower than would be the case if the top face of the insert 19 formed a continuous conical surface with the wall 17.
  • the protection afforded to the conical wall .17 is directly related to the radial width of the annular bottom wall of the well between the orifice of the pouring duct and the wall 17.
  • the cross section of the orifice is substantially less than a quarter of the minimum cross section of the well as defined by the wall 17. If the cross section of the orifice is equal to or greater than one half of the area of the bottom wall, an obtuse angular relationship of the wall 17 to the top face of the insert 19 cannot materially reduce metal attack on the wall 17.
  • the top face 15 of the well block 14 is so far from the orifice of the bore 21 that it is only subjected to the elfects of metal flowing at relatively low velocity. No other surfaces of the well block being exposed to the melt, the block has a long useful life.
  • the turbulence in the flowing metal is so much reduced by passage through the bore 21 that the plate 6 needs to be replaced relatively infrequently under many conditions of operation. I prefer to use the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1 under such conditions.
  • the well insert 19 can be replaced quickly and conveniently without an extended shutdown of the ladle.
  • the cover 27 is quickly released by the screws 26, thereby permitting the removal of the gate 7 with the plate 8 and nozzle 9.
  • the plate 6 is then taken from the frame 5, and the insert 19 is knocked out from the inside of the ladle. A new insert is placed in position, and the discharge mechanism is quickly assem- 4 bled again.
  • the ladle is immediately ready for receiving the next melt.
  • the small insert 19 may be made of refractory material inexpensive enough to permit replacement after each pouring operation. It is so small, however, that it is entirely practical to make it of high-grade refractory material which withstands several heats of molten steel without requiring replacement.
  • the dimensions of the movable refractory plate 8 and the nozzle 9 are relatively non-critical. They normally withstand a considerable number of pouring operations, and may be replaced quickly, if needed.
  • the tightness of the discharge mechanism is due mainly to the abutting engagement of the several elements which jointly constitute the well and the pouring duct, and which seal the duct between pouring operations. This engagement is maintained by the cover 27 and the screws 26, and is therefore adjustable as needed.
  • the refractory material interposed between elements of the mechanism which do not move relative to each other is not subjected to significant mechanical or chemical stresses, and has only an auxiliary function.
  • the ridge portion 16 of the well block 14 which directly engages the top face of the stationary plate 6 is preferred, but the opening 12 may be reduced in size to eliminate the ridge portion without making the apparatus inoperative.
  • insert means partly received in said lining said insert means having 1) a plug portion forming an annular bottom wall of said well and being dimensioned for axial movement through said opening and out of said lining and of said shell, and
  • said plug portion and said plate portion being formed with respective, aligned, axial portions of a pouring duct having an orifice centered in said annular bottom wall;
  • said gate assembly including a plate member formed with another portion of said duct;
  • said clamping means in cooperation with said gate assembly constituting the only means preventing movement of said plug portion outward of said shell through said opening under the pressure on said bottom wall exerted by a body of metal held in said ladle.
  • said plug portion and said plate portion having respective faces transverse of said axis, said faces being held in abutting engagement by said clamping means when the clamping means upwardly urge said gate assembly into said abutting engage- 5 ment of said plate member and of said face of the plate portion.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
US733741A 1964-09-22 1968-05-24 Discharge mechanism for bottom pouring steel ladle Expired - Lifetime US3454201A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2035564 1964-09-22

Publications (1)

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US3454201A true US3454201A (en) 1969-07-08

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ID=11165977

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US733741A Expired - Lifetime US3454201A (en) 1964-09-22 1968-05-24 Discharge mechanism for bottom pouring steel ladle

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3454201A (xx)
BE (1) BE669936A (xx)
CH (1) CH456059A (xx)
DE (1) DE1258557B (xx)
GB (1) GB1115199A (xx)
SE (1) SE324213B (xx)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3567082A (en) * 1967-02-24 1971-03-02 Metacon Ag Casting installation
FR2090260A1 (xx) * 1970-05-25 1972-01-14 Interstop Ag
US3685707A (en) * 1970-05-01 1972-08-22 United States Steel Corp Sliding-gate closure for bottom-pour vessel
US3712518A (en) * 1969-10-13 1973-01-23 Interstop Ag Sliding gate nozzle for vessels used for pouring metals
US3731912A (en) * 1969-07-26 1973-05-08 Didier Werke Ag Containers with sliding valve for liquid smelt
JPS4929608Y1 (xx) * 1970-06-19 1974-08-12
JPS4942652Y1 (xx) * 1970-10-15 1974-11-21
JPS4942650Y1 (xx) * 1970-04-21 1974-11-21
US4026443A (en) * 1975-05-30 1977-05-31 Stopinc Aktiengesellschaft Slide closure arrangement for converters
US4583721A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-04-22 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Molten metal discharging device
US4632283A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-12-30 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Molten metal discharging device
US5011050A (en) * 1990-10-31 1991-04-30 Leco Corporation Stepped gate safety arrangement
US10670154B2 (en) * 2018-06-06 2020-06-02 Aaron Engineered Process Equipment, Inc. Adjustable orifice valve

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1910707C3 (de) * 1969-03-03 1982-12-16 6200 Wiesbaden Didier-Werke Ag Bodenschieberverschluß für die Ausgußöffnung von Metallschmelzen enthaltenden Gefäßen und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben
CH500794A (de) * 1969-06-09 1970-12-31 Metacon Ag Schieberverschluss an einem Giessgefäss, das zur Aufnahme von flüssigem Metall bestimmt ist
JPS5477237A (en) * 1977-11-28 1979-06-20 Shinagawa Refractories Co Fannshaped multiihole slideespray brick and sliding nozzle apparatus

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE524812A (xx) * 1951-04-29
US2791814A (en) * 1954-04-20 1957-05-14 Villela Oscar Ladle nozzle and stopper construction
FR1155082A (fr) * 1955-08-12 1958-04-22 Fonderia E Officina Meccanica Dispositif de coulée pour poches de coulée de métaux fondus, en particulier d'aciers et de métaux précieux
US2921351A (en) * 1956-11-01 1960-01-19 Momm Werner Wilhelm Ladle flow control device

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US311902A (en) * 1885-02-10 Stopper for ladles
US2252635A (en) * 1940-03-05 1941-08-12 Karr Raymond Ladle pouring nozzle

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE524812A (xx) * 1951-04-29
US2791814A (en) * 1954-04-20 1957-05-14 Villela Oscar Ladle nozzle and stopper construction
FR1155082A (fr) * 1955-08-12 1958-04-22 Fonderia E Officina Meccanica Dispositif de coulée pour poches de coulée de métaux fondus, en particulier d'aciers et de métaux précieux
US2921351A (en) * 1956-11-01 1960-01-19 Momm Werner Wilhelm Ladle flow control device

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3567082A (en) * 1967-02-24 1971-03-02 Metacon Ag Casting installation
US3731912A (en) * 1969-07-26 1973-05-08 Didier Werke Ag Containers with sliding valve for liquid smelt
US3712518A (en) * 1969-10-13 1973-01-23 Interstop Ag Sliding gate nozzle for vessels used for pouring metals
JPS4942650Y1 (xx) * 1970-04-21 1974-11-21
US3685707A (en) * 1970-05-01 1972-08-22 United States Steel Corp Sliding-gate closure for bottom-pour vessel
FR2090260A1 (xx) * 1970-05-25 1972-01-14 Interstop Ag
US3760993A (en) * 1970-05-25 1973-09-25 Interstop Ag Slide closure for receptacle for molten metals
JPS4929608Y1 (xx) * 1970-06-19 1974-08-12
JPS4942652Y1 (xx) * 1970-10-15 1974-11-21
US4026443A (en) * 1975-05-30 1977-05-31 Stopinc Aktiengesellschaft Slide closure arrangement for converters
US4583721A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-04-22 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Molten metal discharging device
US4632283A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-12-30 Toshiba Ceramics Co., Ltd. Molten metal discharging device
US5011050A (en) * 1990-10-31 1991-04-30 Leco Corporation Stepped gate safety arrangement
US10670154B2 (en) * 2018-06-06 2020-06-02 Aaron Engineered Process Equipment, Inc. Adjustable orifice valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE669936A (xx) 1966-01-17
DE1258557B (de) 1968-01-11
SE324213B (xx) 1970-05-25
CH456059A (de) 1968-05-15
GB1115199A (en) 1968-05-29

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