[go: up one dir, main page]

US3401262A - Radiation sensitive display system utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase material - Google Patents

Radiation sensitive display system utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3401262A
US3401262A US467864A US46786465A US3401262A US 3401262 A US3401262 A US 3401262A US 467864 A US467864 A US 467864A US 46786465 A US46786465 A US 46786465A US 3401262 A US3401262 A US 3401262A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
radiation
liquid crystalline
light
photoconductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US467864A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James L Fergason
Arthur E Anderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CBS Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US467864A priority Critical patent/US3401262A/en
Priority to GB26479/66A priority patent/GB1118227A/en
Priority to FR67042A priority patent/FR1484585A/fr
Priority to DEW41919A priority patent/DE1276086B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3401262A publication Critical patent/US3401262A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/132—Thermal activation of liquid crystals exhibiting a thermo-optic effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/28—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using thermochromic compounds or layers containing liquid crystals, microcapsules, bleachable dyes or heat- decomposable compounds, e.g. gas- liberating
    • B41M5/281—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using thermochromic compounds or layers containing liquid crystals, microcapsules, bleachable dyes or heat- decomposable compounds, e.g. gas- liberating using liquid crystals only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2921—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions; Radio-isotope cameras
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/135—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/30—Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
    • H04N5/33—Transforming infrared radiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiation sensitive display device which includes a heat sensitive display screen of a liquid crystalline material of the cholesteric phase wit-h a radiation sensitive screen incorporating heating elements in thermal contact with the heat sensitive display screen which the heating is due to current flow.
  • the radiation sensitive screen responds to input radiations to cause a current flow which in turn provides heat for impressing a thermal image on the heat sensitive display screen.
  • This invention relates to apparatus for and methods of detention and display of an electromagnetic wave energy.
  • a standard television system relies primarily on adding energy to an electron beam which has been modulated in intensity in accordance with the picture information to be displayed.
  • practical limitations of beam current density and voltage impose an upper limit on the brightness of the display.
  • electroluminescent phosphor display devices Another technique which is currently being studied is electroluminescent phosphor display devices.
  • the electroluminescent display screens have been found to be very ineflicient as far as light ouput from the electroluminescent material and also the associated control means for displaying the image has been found to be extremely complicated and expensive.
  • the present invention comprises a simplified system for providing a high intensity display.
  • the display screen utilizes a suitable material such as a liquid crystalline material of the cholesteric phase in which the brightness of the display is proportional to the amount of viewing light including ambient lighting directed onto the screen.
  • a suitable material such as a liquid crystalline material of the cholesteric phase in which the brightness of the display is proportional to the amount of viewing light including ambient lighting directed onto the screen.
  • the liquid crystalline materials of the cholesteric phase exhi'bits curious changes in light reflecting properties when heated or cooled through a transition region near their melting point. The changes in reflectivity are manifested as changes in color when the viewing source is of white light.
  • the material is substantially colorless at temperatures well above its melting point but as it is cooled and becomes more viscous it goes through a transition region in which it appears blue, then green, then yellow, then red and finally colorless again as viewed in reflective white light. If cooled sufficiently, the viscous liquid is converted to a colorless crystalline solid.
  • the color changes occur at definite, reproducible temperature diflerences within a range of temperatures which may be made relatively broad or narrow by adjusting the formulation of the cholesteric liquid crystalline material.
  • the optical scattering properties of the cholesteric liquid crystalline layer can be modified by providing in intimate contact therewith elemental driving elements to provide a localized temperature control.
  • elemental driving elements to provide a localized temperature control.
  • a suitable tem- 3,401,262 Patented Sept. 10, 1968 perature can be found to give an overall background color such as black or red in reflected white light and then by elevating the temperature of localized spots or areas these may be made to appear green or yellow on the contrasting black or red background.
  • monochromatic viewing light single color contrast may be obtained on a given background and brightness alone will vary with temperature change.
  • the cholesteric film scatters only one wavelength at one angle of the viewing light. Cholesten'c liquid crystal lms absorbs almost no energy so that the light energy directed thereon is either transmitted or reflected. At selected wavelengths and with the viewing light directed onto the film at the normal angle of incident, about fifty percent of the incident radiation is scattered. At larger angles of incidence, the amount of energy reflected or scattered increases and the peak (wavelength of maxi mum scattering) shifts toward the shorter Wavelengths.
  • the temperature of the liquid crystalline film is varied, the peak of reflection is shifted to shorter wavelengths with increase in temperature. This temperature eflect is completely reversible. At any temperature the wavelength of maximum scattering depends on the sum of the incident angle of the incident viewing light and the angle of observation.
  • Liquid crystals of the cholesteric phase have many important optical properties.
  • the cholesteric phase is a state exhibited by many organic materials. It is a member of a large system or class of states called liquid crystalline or mesomorphic indicating a condition or order intermediate between a true crystal and a liquid.
  • cholesteric liquid crystals are formed by derivatives of sterols, although they are by no means limited to these compounds.
  • the properties of cholesteric crystals and suitable materials for this invention are more fully discussed in U.S. Patent 3,114,836 by Fergason et al. and assigned to the same assignee as this invention.
  • an object of this invention to provide an improved system capable of providing a high intensity display.
  • the present invention accomplishes the abovecited objects by providing a heat sensitive display screen of a liquid crystalline material of the cholesteric phase and providing a radiation sensitive screen including heating elements in thermal contact with said heat sensitive display screen in which the heating is due to current flow therethrough.
  • the signal electromagnetic wave is directed onto the radiation sensitive screen which modifies the conductivity and the current therethrough.
  • the change in current flow will produce a change in temperature which is impressed on the heat sensitive screen.
  • the reflective properties of the heat sensitive display screen will be modified and observed by directing a viewing light onto the heat sensitive display screen.
  • FIG. 1 is a view of a system according to the teachings of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the screen assembly shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 2 illus trating one modification of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is aperspective view similar to FIG. 2 illustrating another modification of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a graphical representation illustrating the characteristics of the cholesteric liquid crystalline film in the screen structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a display system is illus trated.
  • the 'display system consists of a cathode ray tube for directing a radiation image onto a display screen 12.
  • a suitable lens 11 may be provided for focussing the radiation image onto the screen 12.
  • the other surface of the display screen 12 is illuminated by a viewing light source 14' and a viewer 16 may observe the visible pattern or image on the display screen 12.
  • the cathode ray tube 10 is of any suitable design and includes an electron gun 20 and a luminescent screen 22 of suitable phosphor ma terial which emits visible light in response to electron bombardment by the gun 20.
  • a video signal is fed to the cathode ray tube 10 from a source 24 and may be connected to any suitable electrodes of the electron gun 20. Suitable deflection means, not shown, are provided for scanning of the electron beam generated by the gun 20 over the screen 22. The intensity of the electron beam is modulated by the video signal from the source 24. It may be desirable to utilize a long time persistent phosphor in the screen 22. A radiation image thus is generated on the face of the cathode ray tube 10 representative of the video information applied from the source 24 and this radiation image is directed onto the display screen 12.
  • the display screen assembly 12 is shown in detail in FIG. 2 and is comprised of the following layers.
  • the display screen assembly 12 is supported by a substrate layer which is also the heat sink for the display screen assembly. Temperature control of the display screen 12 may be obtained by any suitable means such as directing air along one surface of the layer 30 by the air source 28.
  • the support layer 30 is transparent to the input radiation from the cathode ray tube 10 and may be of a suitable material such as glass for visible radiation, barium chloride for infrared radiation or quartz for ultraviolet radiation. In the specific embodiment illustrating a visible radiation input, the thickness of the glass support layer 30 may be of a thickness of about 1 centimeter.
  • the device may be used to convert X-ray pattern to visible light pattern.
  • a thermal barrier layer 32 of a suitable thermal insulating material such as polyethylene terephthalate is provided on one surface of the glass substrate 30.
  • the layer 32 may be secured to the substrate by any suitable adhesive and may be of a thickness of about 25 microns. This material is suitable for both the visible and ultraviolet. In the case of infrared, a layer of polyethylene or polypropylene may be utilized.
  • the thermal barrier layer 32 is to reduce thermal conduction from the sensitive screen portion to the heat sink layer 30.
  • the thermal time constant of the layer 32 should provide a time constant for the sensitive screen layer adjacent thereto of about & of a second.
  • a layer 34 of photoconductive material is evaporated onto the layer 32 and may be of a thickness of l to 25 microns and of a suitable high impedance photoconductor having a resistance of about 10 ohms-centimeters.
  • Suitable materials for visible light are cadmium sulfide, or arsenic triselenide.
  • a suitable material for ultraviolet is selenium and a suitable material for infrared is lead sulfide.
  • a layer 36 consisting of a plurality of electrically conductive strips 38 and 40 is provided on the layer 34.
  • the conductive strips 38 are connected to a common bus bar 42 and the strips 40 are connected to a common bus bar 44'.
  • Suitable leads 46 and 48 are connected r'espectively'to the conductive bus bars 42 and 44 for providi'ng a voltage between the condu'ctive'elements 38 and 40:
  • This potential is supplied by a potential source 50 connected across the lead-ins 46 and 48.
  • the potential source 50 may be an AC or DC potential and may be of the order of about 50 volts.
  • the electrode strips 38 and 40 may be evaporated onto the photoconductive layer 34 by well known techniques such as evaporating through a mask to provide strips of thickness of about angstroms.
  • the width of strips 38 and 40 maybe about 50 microns and with a spacing between strips of about 200 microns.
  • An optical isolation layer 52 is provided on' t'he conductive layer 36.'Tl1e optical isolation layer 52'prevents radiations from the light source 14 affecting the photoconductive layer 34;
  • the optical isolation layer '52 may be provided by spraying a coating of" a water soluble black aniline dye of'a thickness of about 1 micron.
  • cholesteric material Positioned on the optical isolation layer 52 'is'a liquid crystalline layer 54 of cholesteric material and responses to heat by changes in the light reflective properties thereof.
  • suitable materials are disclosed in the previously mentioned patent and a specific material for this specific application may be 60 percent by weight of cholesteryl nonanoate, 30 percent by weight oleyl cholesteryl carbonate and 10 percent by weight'of'chol-csteryl benzoate.
  • a protective film 56 may be provided upon the surface of the layer 54 of liquid crystalline material of a suitable material such as polyethylene terephthalate and of a thickness of about 6 microns.
  • the radiation assembly 12 may function as a simple detector simply by providing the photoconductive layer 34, the electrode layer 36 and the liquid crystalline layer 54
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal film 54 and the photoconductive layer 34 are held at a constant operating temperature by the heat sink 3t) and the associated temperature control system 28, in the absence of a projected light image from the cathode ray 10 onto the display assembly 11.
  • the temperature of the liquid crystal layer 54 may be about 32 C. so as .to provide a background color of black to the viewer 16. With the white light source 14 directed onto the liquid crystal layer 54 at the temperature of 32 C. the viewer will simply see a uniform blackbackground due to light reflected from coating 52.
  • Power dissipation from the resulting photocu-rrent is localized :to only the illuminated areas by the electrode structui'e design, which limits the length of the current path to a fraction of "the smallest resolvable image distance and the high resistance of the photoconductive "layer 34 that is not illuminated.
  • the thermal insulator" 32 between the heat sink 30 and the photoconductive layer 34 permits a temperature rise in the illuminated area of a photocondu'ctive layer 34 and the closely coupled liquid crystalfilm 54.
  • the amount of illumination determines the amount of current flow and heat generated. Due to this temperature rise, the reflection band of the liquid crystal film 54 in those areas is shifted toward a shorter wavelength part of the spectrum. This is illustrated in FIG.
  • the reflecte color will be red At 34.1 C. the color will be yellowfat 35.5 C. the color will be green, at 37 C. the color will be blue and at 40 C. the color will be in the ultraviolet region and appear black to the observer.
  • the optical isolation layer 52 between the photoconductive layer 34 and the liquid crystal film 54 permits heat transfer between the two.
  • the layer 52 blocks light from the light source 14 used for illuminating of the viewing side of the panel from effecting the photoconductive layer 34.
  • This isolation layer 52 also serves as a black background for the liquid crystal film 54.
  • the liquid crystal film 54 provides a color display of the temperature pattern or image.
  • a display is inherently compatible with high ambient illumination because reflective light, which is proportional to the incident light rather than internal generative light, produces the image. In this manner a large amplification of the input signal from the cathode ray may be obtained so as to obtain an amplification greater than 100. If the display is illuminated with a monochromatic light from the source 14 rather than white light, a single color display with gray scale capabilities results.
  • the temperature rise required to activate the liquid crystal is created when light impinges on the photoconductive layer 34, resulting in photocurrent.
  • the photocurrent is generated by applying a voltage from source 50 across the interlaced comb-like electrode system consisting of alternate conductors 38 and 40.
  • the conductive electrode system 38 and 40 consists of parallel conductors Whose width is a fraction of a spacing to obtain maximum active surface area and whose spacing is determined by the desired display panel resolution.
  • the length of the photoconductive current path, which is equal to the electrode spacing, must be a fraction of the smallest resolvable distance on the display.
  • the liquid crystal film 54 may be of various materials and is selected for the required sensitivity and the operating temperature range.
  • the operating temperature may be chosen arbitrarily Within the limits compatible with the temperature control method.
  • the sensitivity of the film is determined by the application of the display. A liquid crystal film with high temperature sensitivity will result in a display with high overall sensitivity, but will also require a much better temperature control system and layer uniformity to eliminate color variations in the reflected light image due to small temperature variations over the surface :and to sensitivity and normal resistance variations in the various layers.
  • the protective film 56 is provided on the liquid crystal to reduce contamination of the liquid crystal film by dust and chemicals in the atmosphere. It also minimizes temperature variations due to air flow in front of the image intensifier panel 12. If chosen properly, the film material provides additional enhancement for the molecular alignment in the liquid crystal film and does not contribute significantly to lateral heat spread.
  • the chemical composition of the film 56 and the optical isolation layer 52 must prevent contaminating substances from being released into the liquid crystals, whose optical properties are very sensitive to the presence of various chemical substances as well as temperature variations.
  • FIG. 3 a modified photoconductive and electrode system is illustrated.
  • two conductive bus bars 60 and 62 are provided and parallel strips 64 of photoconductive material are evaporated across the space so as to be in electrical contact with both of the conductive bus bars 60 and 62.
  • the photoconductive strips 64 may be provided with conductive elements 66 interspersed in the photoconductive strips to limit the range of carriers to provide high resolution.
  • a lower impedance photoconductive material may be utilized, that is one having a dark resistance, of less than 10 ohms-centimeters and such materials as lead sulfide, lead telluride and indium antimony.
  • the conductive bus bars 60 and 62 may be evaporated onto the thermal insulating layer 32 and the photoconductive elements 64 evaporated onto the substrate 32 by well known procedures in which evaporation is provided through a mask.
  • the source 50 would be connected to the bus bars 60 and 62.
  • the remainder of the device is similar to that already described and the operation is also similar and will not be described again.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another possible modification of the photoconductive and electrode system in which a large area of electrically conductive layer 70 is deposited on the thermal barrier 32.
  • a layer 72 of photoconductive material 70 is deposited on the layer 70 and another electrically conductive layer 74 is provided on the photoconductive layer 72.
  • the optical isolation layer 52 would be provided on the conductive layer 74.
  • the layer 70 should be transmissive to the input radiations and may be of a material such as stannic oxide.
  • the source 50 would be connected to the electrodes 70 and 74.
  • the photosensitive element may be used to control the current through a resistive heating element in contact with the heat sensitive screen. It is also possible to convert sound energy into visible energy by detecting the sound on an element Whose resistance is modified and therefore permitting control of current and associated through the detecting element per se or an associated resistive heating element in thermal contact with the heat sensitive screen.
  • a radiation display system comprising a light control element, said light control element including a heat sensitive screen, said heat sensitive screen exhibiting the property of different optical properties at different temperatures, means for directing viewing light onto a first surface of said light control element to illuminate said heat sensitive screen, an input radiation sensitive layer positioned on a second surface of said heat sensitive screen, a radiation input source, means for directing said radiation input onto said radiation sensitive layer to modify the current conductive properties thereof, electrically conductive means associated with said radiation sensitive layer to induce a current in radiation exposed areas of said radiation sensitive layer to heat areas of said [heat sensitive screen associated with said radiation exposed areas of said radiation sensitive layer to vary the optical properties of said heat sensitive screen and provide a light image corresponding to said radiation input.
  • a radiation display system comprising a light control element, said light control element including a heat sensitive screen, said heat sensitive screen exhibiting the property of different wavelength reflection of radiations at different temperatures, means for directing viewing radiation onto one side of said light control element to illuminate said heat sensitive screen, electrical current heating means in thermal contact with said heat sensitive layer, and radiation sensitive means electrically connected to said heating means, said radiation sensitive means responsive to a signal radiation to modify the current flowing through said heat-ing means and thereby heat said heat sensitive screen and modify the radiation reflection properties of said screen.
  • a display system comprising a radiation control element, said radiation control element including a liquid crystalline material and exhibiting the property of different optical properties at different values of excitation, means for directing viewing light onto a first surface of said radiation control element to illuminate said radiation control element, a radiation sensitive material positioned on a second surface'of said heatsensitive screen, and means for "directing input 7 radiations onto said radiation "sensitive material to cause an increase in the electrical conductivity properties thereof.
  • a display system comprising a radiation Control element, said radiation control element comprised of a heat sensitive layer including a cholesteric liquid crystalline material, said heat sensitive layer exhibting the property of different reflection properties of radiation at different temperatures, means for directing viewing radiations'onto said heat'sensitive layer, a photoconductive layer positioned on one side of said heat sensitive layer and in thermal contact with'said heat sensitive layer, means for directing input signal radiation onto said photoconductive layer to modifythe conductivity properties thereof, electrically conductive means associated with said photoconductive layer to induce current flow through said photoconductive layer in accordance with the conductivity thereof and cause heating of said heat sensitive layer to vary the reflection properties of said heat sensitive layer to said viewing radiation and provide an amplified display of'said input signal radiation.
  • radiation converter comprising a layer of cholesteric liquid crystalline material, said liquid crystalline layer exhibiting the property of different reflection properties of light at different temperatures, a radiation source for directing viewing illumination onto said liquid crystalline layer, a photoconductive layer positioned on the side of said liquid crystalline layer remote to said radiation source, and in thermal contact with said liquid crystalline layer, means for directing an input radiation pattern onto said photoconductive layer to induce corresponding conductivity pattern therein, means associated with said photoconductive layer to induce current flow through said photoconductive layer in accordance with said conductivity pattern and impress a heat pattern on said liquid crystalline layer to vary the reflection properties of said liquid crystalline layer to said viewing illumination and provide an output radiation pattern corresponding to said input radiation.
  • a display system comprising a light control device including a layer of liquid crystalline material, said liquid crystalline material exhibiting the property of different light reflecting properties at different temperatures, a layer of photoconductive material in thermal contact with said press a conductivity image therein corresponding to said radiation image and establish a heat image within said photoconductive layer due to current flow therein substantially corresponding to said radiation image and impressing said heat image on said liquid crystalline layer, means for directing a light source onto said liquid crystalline-layer to obtain a light image corresponding to said iheat image due 1 to changes in light reflection properties of said liquid crystalline layer due to changes in temperature.
  • a display system comprising a light control device including a layer of cholesteric liquid crystalline material, said cholesteric liquid crystalline material exhibiting the property of different optical properties at'dilferent temperatures and a layer of photoconductive material in thermal contact with said cholesteric liquid crystalline layer.
  • a display system comprising a light control device including a layer of liquid crystalline material, said liquid crystalline material exhibiting the property of different light reflecting properties at different temperatures, a layer of photoconductive material in thermal contact with said liquid crystalline layer, means for impressing a voltage across said photoconductive layer, means for directing a signal modulated radiation beam over said photoconductive layer to impress a conductivity image therein corresponding to said modulated radiation beam and establish a heat image within said photoconductive layer due to current flow therein and impressing said heat image on said liquid crystalline layer, means for directing a light source onto said liquid crystalline layer to obtain a light image corresponding to said heat image due to changes in light reflection properties of said liquid crystalline layer due to changes in temperature.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
US467864A 1965-06-29 1965-06-29 Radiation sensitive display system utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase material Expired - Lifetime US3401262A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US467864A US3401262A (en) 1965-06-29 1965-06-29 Radiation sensitive display system utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase material
GB26479/66A GB1118227A (en) 1965-06-29 1966-06-14 A display system
FR67042A FR1484585A (fr) 1965-06-29 1966-06-27 Système de représentation visuelle d'information
DEW41919A DE1276086B (de) 1965-06-29 1966-06-29 Bildschirm mit temperaturabhaengigen optischen Eigenschaften

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US467864A US3401262A (en) 1965-06-29 1965-06-29 Radiation sensitive display system utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3401262A true US3401262A (en) 1968-09-10

Family

ID=23857474

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US467864A Expired - Lifetime US3401262A (en) 1965-06-29 1965-06-29 Radiation sensitive display system utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase material

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3401262A (fr)
DE (1) DE1276086B (fr)
FR (1) FR1484585A (fr)
GB (1) GB1118227A (fr)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3569709A (en) * 1968-03-27 1971-03-09 Optical Coating Laboratory Inc Thermal imaging system utilizing liquid crystal material
US3576364A (en) * 1969-05-20 1971-04-27 Rca Corp Color advertising display employing liquid crystal
US3585381A (en) * 1969-04-14 1971-06-15 Ncr Co Encapsulated cholesteric liquid crystal display device
US3604930A (en) * 1970-03-05 1971-09-14 Philips J Allen Method and apparatus for displaying visual images of infrared beams
US3619254A (en) * 1969-03-18 1971-11-09 Liquid Crystal Ind Thermometric articles and methods for preparing same
US3622224A (en) * 1969-08-20 1971-11-23 Xerox Corp Liquid crystal alpha-numeric electro-optic imaging device
US3627699A (en) * 1969-04-30 1971-12-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Liquid crystal cholesteric material and sensitizing agent composition and method for detecting electromagnetic radiation
US3663390A (en) * 1970-09-24 1972-05-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of changing color play range of liquid crystal materials
US3666948A (en) * 1971-01-06 1972-05-30 Xerox Corp Liquid crystal thermal imaging system having an undisturbed image on a disturbed background
US3666947A (en) * 1971-01-06 1972-05-30 Xerox Corp Liquid crystal imaging system having an undisturbed image on a disturbed background and having a radiation absorptive material dispersed throughout the liquid crystal
US3700804A (en) * 1970-10-08 1972-10-24 Rca Corp Method of improving cathodochromic sensitivity
US3720658A (en) * 1969-04-30 1973-03-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cholesteryl p-phenylazophenyl carbonate
US3726584A (en) * 1971-05-28 1973-04-10 Xerox Corp Light modulation system
FR2212946A5 (fr) * 1973-01-02 1974-07-26 Eastman Kodak Co
US3877015A (en) * 1972-01-21 1975-04-08 Hitachi Ltd Multidigit liquid crystal display device
US3916420A (en) * 1974-05-06 1975-10-28 Ncr Co Printer and display system
US3952193A (en) * 1974-09-25 1976-04-20 Xerox Corporation Imaging method with U.V. excitation of liquid crystal
US4367407A (en) * 1976-11-24 1983-01-04 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Method for converting luminosity values into isochromates
US5036197A (en) * 1988-12-13 1991-07-30 Thorn Emi Electronics Limited Thermal imaging device
US5398041A (en) * 1970-12-28 1995-03-14 Hyatt; Gilbert P. Colored liquid crystal display having cooling
US5432526A (en) * 1970-12-28 1995-07-11 Hyatt; Gilbert P. Liquid crystal display having conductive cooling
US6219093B1 (en) * 1990-01-05 2001-04-17 Light & Sound Design, Ltd. Method and device for creating a facsimile of an image
US20030147117A1 (en) * 1996-02-07 2003-08-07 Light & Sound Design Ltd., A Great Britain Corporation Programmable light beam shape altering device using programmable micromirrors
US20040061808A1 (en) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-01 Eastman Kodak Company Cholesteric liquid crystal display system
US20050104806A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-19 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for electro-optically writing a display
US20050103853A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-19 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and means for updating a memory display
US20050116908A1 (en) * 2003-12-01 2005-06-02 Eastman Kodak Company Cholesteric liquid crystal display system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2444381A1 (fr) * 1978-12-15 1980-07-11 Thomson Csf Dispositif d'affichage a cristal liquide
FR2462755A1 (fr) * 1979-07-27 1981-02-13 Thomson Csf Dispositif de visualisation a cristal liquide, et terminal telephonique comportant un tel dispositif
FR2523343A1 (fr) * 1982-03-09 1983-09-16 Thomson Csf Ecran d'un dispositif de visualisation utilisant un effet mixte thermique et electrique

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2788452A (en) * 1952-07-29 1957-04-09 Ernest J Sternglass Thermal image detecting tube
US3114836A (en) * 1960-03-04 1963-12-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Thermal imaging devices utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase material

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2788452A (en) * 1952-07-29 1957-04-09 Ernest J Sternglass Thermal image detecting tube
US3114836A (en) * 1960-03-04 1963-12-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Thermal imaging devices utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase material

Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3569709A (en) * 1968-03-27 1971-03-09 Optical Coating Laboratory Inc Thermal imaging system utilizing liquid crystal material
US3619254A (en) * 1969-03-18 1971-11-09 Liquid Crystal Ind Thermometric articles and methods for preparing same
US3585381A (en) * 1969-04-14 1971-06-15 Ncr Co Encapsulated cholesteric liquid crystal display device
US3720658A (en) * 1969-04-30 1973-03-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cholesteryl p-phenylazophenyl carbonate
US3627699A (en) * 1969-04-30 1971-12-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Liquid crystal cholesteric material and sensitizing agent composition and method for detecting electromagnetic radiation
US3576364A (en) * 1969-05-20 1971-04-27 Rca Corp Color advertising display employing liquid crystal
US3622224A (en) * 1969-08-20 1971-11-23 Xerox Corp Liquid crystal alpha-numeric electro-optic imaging device
US3604930A (en) * 1970-03-05 1971-09-14 Philips J Allen Method and apparatus for displaying visual images of infrared beams
US3663390A (en) * 1970-09-24 1972-05-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of changing color play range of liquid crystal materials
US3700804A (en) * 1970-10-08 1972-10-24 Rca Corp Method of improving cathodochromic sensitivity
US5432526A (en) * 1970-12-28 1995-07-11 Hyatt; Gilbert P. Liquid crystal display having conductive cooling
US5398041A (en) * 1970-12-28 1995-03-14 Hyatt; Gilbert P. Colored liquid crystal display having cooling
US3666947A (en) * 1971-01-06 1972-05-30 Xerox Corp Liquid crystal imaging system having an undisturbed image on a disturbed background and having a radiation absorptive material dispersed throughout the liquid crystal
US3666948A (en) * 1971-01-06 1972-05-30 Xerox Corp Liquid crystal thermal imaging system having an undisturbed image on a disturbed background
US3726584A (en) * 1971-05-28 1973-04-10 Xerox Corp Light modulation system
US3877015A (en) * 1972-01-21 1975-04-08 Hitachi Ltd Multidigit liquid crystal display device
FR2212946A5 (fr) * 1973-01-02 1974-07-26 Eastman Kodak Co
US3916420A (en) * 1974-05-06 1975-10-28 Ncr Co Printer and display system
US3952193A (en) * 1974-09-25 1976-04-20 Xerox Corporation Imaging method with U.V. excitation of liquid crystal
US4367407A (en) * 1976-11-24 1983-01-04 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Method for converting luminosity values into isochromates
US5036197A (en) * 1988-12-13 1991-07-30 Thorn Emi Electronics Limited Thermal imaging device
US20050128290A1 (en) * 1990-01-05 2005-06-16 Production Resource Group, Llc Method and device for creating a facsmile of an image
US20020080411A1 (en) * 1990-01-05 2002-06-27 Perry Scott M. Method and device for creating a facsimile of an image
US20050253925A1 (en) * 1990-01-05 2005-11-17 Production Resource Group, Llc Method and device for creating a facsimile of an image
US6919916B2 (en) * 1990-01-05 2005-07-19 Production Resource Group Inc. Method and device for creating a facsimile of an image
US6219093B1 (en) * 1990-01-05 2001-04-17 Light & Sound Design, Ltd. Method and device for creating a facsimile of an image
US7468711B2 (en) 1990-01-05 2008-12-23 Production Resource Group, L.L.C. Method and device for creating a facsimile of an image
US20050134684A1 (en) * 1990-01-05 2005-06-23 Production Resource Group, Llc, A Corporation Method and device for creating a facsimile of an image
US6771411B2 (en) * 1996-02-07 2004-08-03 Production Resource Group Inc. Programmable light beam shape altering device using programmable micromirrors
US7535622B2 (en) 1996-02-07 2009-05-19 Production Resource Group, Llc Programmable light beam shape altering device using programmable micromirrors
US7515367B2 (en) 1996-02-07 2009-04-07 Production Resource Group, Llc Method of controlling a lighting device
US20090190203A1 (en) * 1996-02-07 2009-07-30 Production Resource Group L.L.C Programmable light beam shape altering device using programmable micromirrors
US8009374B2 (en) 1996-02-07 2011-08-30 Production Resource Group, Llc Programmable light beam shape altering device using programmable micromirrors
US8976441B2 (en) 1996-02-07 2015-03-10 Production Resource Group, Llc Programmable light beam shape altering device using programmable micromirrors
US7224509B2 (en) 1996-02-07 2007-05-29 Production Resource Group, L.L.C. Programmable light beam shape altering device using programmable micromirrors
US20030147117A1 (en) * 1996-02-07 2003-08-07 Light & Sound Design Ltd., A Great Britain Corporation Programmable light beam shape altering device using programmable micromirrors
US20070211469A1 (en) * 1996-02-07 2007-09-13 Production Resource Group, L.L.C. Programmable light beam shape altering device using programmable micromirrors
US20040061808A1 (en) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-01 Eastman Kodak Company Cholesteric liquid crystal display system
US20050151887A1 (en) * 2002-09-27 2005-07-14 Stephenson Stanley W. Cholesteric liquid crystal display system
US7532260B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2009-05-12 Industrial Technology Research Institute Cholesteric liquid crystal display system
US6885409B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2005-04-26 Eastman Kodak Company Cholesteric liquid crystal display system
US7131584B2 (en) * 2003-11-13 2006-11-07 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and means for updating a memory display
WO2005050348A3 (fr) * 2003-11-13 2006-04-27 Eastman Kodak Co Appareil de mise a jour d'un ecran a memoire
US7286111B2 (en) 2003-11-13 2007-10-23 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for electro-optically writing a display
WO2005050348A2 (fr) * 2003-11-13 2005-06-02 Eastman Kodak Company Appareil de mise a jour d'un ecran a memoire
US20050103853A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-19 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and means for updating a memory display
US20050104806A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-19 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for electro-optically writing a display
US20050116908A1 (en) * 2003-12-01 2005-06-02 Eastman Kodak Company Cholesteric liquid crystal display system
US7522141B2 (en) 2003-12-01 2009-04-21 Industrial Technology Research Institute Cholesteric liquid crystal display system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1276086C2 (fr) 1969-04-10
FR1484585A (fr) 1967-06-09
DE1276086B (de) 1968-08-29
GB1118227A (en) 1968-06-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3401262A (en) Radiation sensitive display system utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase material
US3410999A (en) Display system utilizing a liquid crystalline material of the cholesteric phase
US3592527A (en) Image display device
US3627408A (en) Electric field device
US3666881A (en) Electro-optical display device employing liquid crystals
US3499112A (en) Electro-optical device
US6538814B2 (en) Projection screen having electric field responsive reflectance layer and a photosensitive material
US3114836A (en) Thermal imaging devices utilizing a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase material
US3001447A (en) Image reproducing device for visible and invisible radiation images
US7084405B1 (en) Semiconductor generation of dynamic infrared images
US3732429A (en) Liquid crystal device
US5012112A (en) Infrared scene projector
US3449583A (en) Photoconductive electro-optic image intensifier utilizing polarized light
CA1147426A (fr) Methode et dispositif de detection de rayons infrarouges et de leur conversion en rayons visibles
US4002902A (en) Optical image converting relay having an electro-optical element and a photoconductive element
US3264479A (en) Electroluminescent light amplifier
Hansen et al. Liquid crystal media for electron beam recording
US4019809A (en) Electrochromic display device
US3015731A (en) Radiation indicating device
US3581002A (en) Display device for providing graticules of various configurations
US3210551A (en) Electroluminescent image amplifier
US3064134A (en) Display device
Malyutenko et al. Semiconductor screen dynamic visible-to-infrared scene converter
WO1989006081A2 (fr) Systeme et procede de production d'une image video sans scintillement
JPS61175625A (ja) Ｘ線を受け取り得る光学・光学像変換器