US3359356A - Process for crimping filaments at the spinneret face - Google Patents
Process for crimping filaments at the spinneret face Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3359356A US3359356A US348747A US34874764A US3359356A US 3359356 A US3359356 A US 3359356A US 348747 A US348747 A US 348747A US 34874764 A US34874764 A US 34874764A US 3359356 A US3359356 A US 3359356A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- spinneret
- face
- crimp
- angle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003791 organic solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000018999 crinkle Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/20—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with varying denier along their length
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
Definitions
- This invention relates to the production of textile filaments from a thermoplastic polymer and, more particularly, this invention relates to a process for establishing a preferential molecular orientation along one side of the filament axis whereby a permanent crimp retentivity is imparted to said filaments.
- the filaments In the manufacture of continuous filaments from a fiberforming thermoplastic material such as acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers, the filaments must be subjected to some type of special treatment in an attempt to overcome the lack of interfilamentary cohesion exhibited by the newly formed filaments to thereby render such filaments suitable for subsequent processing thereof.
- Several methods which are too numerous to discuss herein have been utilized for improving interfilament cohesion by imparting a crimped or curled condition to continuous synthetic filaments.
- the basic principle employed by all of the most commonly used methods, which are referred to generally as mechanical processes, is essentially the same except for composite filaments formed from fiber-forming thermoplastic materials having different shrinkage characteristics.
- the mechanical processes comprise deformation of the spun filaments by some type mechanical apparatus to reorient the molecular structure of said filaments for the purpose of imparting thereto a memory of the deformation experienced previously by the filaments.
- the deformation or crinkle is imposed mechanically by means of intermeshing gear-like elements; by drawing the filaments over a dull knifed edge; by means of a stuffer box; or by twisting the yarns, setting the twist, and then removing the twist.
- a plastic memory or crimped condition in the filaments is achieved through the well known process of heating the filaments a selected amount prior to mechanically crimping said filaments.
- the deformation of the filaments while heated causes a rearrangement of the molecules therein. If the filaments are cooled slightly to reduce the plasticity thereof in the absence of tension, the crimp will be set and thereby retained. However, if a tension is imposed on the filaments during the cooling cycle the crimp will be removed but may be redeveloped by annealing the filaments in the absence of tension.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing, during normal spinning operations, textile filaments having a permanent plastic memory which is not destroyed by subsequent heating and processing thereof.
- a further object of the present invention is to impart a potential curliness, which may be developed later into a permanent crimp, to synthetic filaments spun from a conventional spinneret by a novel process.
- Still .another object of this invention is to provide a novel method of producing potentially crimped filaments having a permanent plastic memory during the usual course of production with a minimum investment in additional equipment.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a novel method of orienting the molecular structure of spun synthetic filaments during the spinning process in a preferential manner whereupon the filaments will exhibit uniform, regularly spaced helixes around the longitudinal axis thereof when heated.
- novel filamentary products of this invention are produced by the wet spinning process in which a solution comprising essentially a thermoplastic filament-forming material dissolved in an organic solvent or solvent mixture is extruded in the form of fine streams through a spinneret into a coagulating bath to form shaped filaments which are drawn from the spinneret at an angle across the face thereof.
- the filaments produced in accordance with the present invention are characterized by a combination of properties unique in the manufacture of artificial thermoplastic organic solvent-soluble filaments. They are comprised of a molecular structure having preferential orientation of the molecules along the direction of the filaments. Continuous filaments produced by the method described for carrying out this invention will attain a spiral or helical shaped form upon subsequent relaxation. A preferential orientation of the molecules is accomplished by diverting the direction of extrusion of the filament-forming material whereby a variable strain is imposed across the cross-section of the filaments while they are still in a semi-plastic state to rearrange the spatial structure thereof. This irregular cross-sectional distribution of the molecules comprising the filaments is responsible for permanence of the crimped condition possessed by filaments produced in accordance with this invention.
- the present invention may be employed in the spinning of any organic solvent-soluble, thermoplastic, fiber-forming substance by the wet spinning process wherein the direction of the newly formed filaments is diverted at the face of the spinneret before they become self-sustaining. Diversion of the semi-fluid filaments is affected by means of a guide bar spaced near the spinneret.
- the guide bar may be shifted to change the angle of the filaments with respect to the spinneret. This angle may vary from 1 to 45 depending upon the amount of crimp required. As the angle across the face of the spinneret decreases the amount of crimp or curls per inch is increased. While the filaments may be: drawn under tension at angles ranging from 1 to 45, the preferred range is from 10 to 30.
- the filaments of this invention may be produced on any conventional spinning machine of the Wet spinning type by making the simple and inexpensive addition of a guide means for changing the path of the filaments being drawn from the spinneret.
- a single spinneret may be used or a number of spinnerets grouped together may be used to produce the filaments contemplated by the invention.
- FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic, elevational view of a conventional spinning apparatus modified to illustrate the invention.
- FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view of the spinneret illustrating the stretch differential imposed on opposite sides of a single semi-fluid filament.
- a spinneret 10 is immersed in a coagulating bath 11 contained in a tub 12.
- a spinning solution is pumped to the spinneret through a pipe 13 from a source not shown.
- the solution is extruded through the spinneret to form filaments 14.
- An adjustably mounted guide bar 15 is positioned near the lower level of the bath 11 on the face side of the spinneret.
- the filaments 14 are drawn from the spinneret 10 at an acute angle off the face thereof by a series of take-up rolls 16. Stripper bars 17 and 18 are provided to aid in the recovery of the solvent.
- the guide bar 15 may be raised or lowered to vary the drawing angle of the filaments. If an increase in the number of crimps per inch is desired, the bar 15 can be lowered until the filaments are drawn substantially parallel with the face of the spinneret. Obviously, if the bar is raised the amount of crimp retentivity of the filaments is correspondingly diminished.
- FIGURE 2 a fragmentary view of a spinneret face 20, depicting a single hole 21, is illustrated for the purpose of facilitating a better understanding of the phenonomena which occurs in accordance with the principles of this invention.
- the newly formed filaments are in a semi-liquid state at the area 22 near the face 20 of the spinneret. If is referred to as being the size of the acute angle formed between the spinneret face 20 and filament 23, it is readily apparent that one side of the filament is stretched substantially more than the opposite side, as indicated by X when 0 approaches zero.
- the molecular structure is preferentially oriented along the longitudinal side of the filament opposite the direction of bend whereby a permanent crimp retentivity is imparted thereto without exceeding its critical yield point.
- Example A spinning solution comprised of 93% acrylonitrile and 7% vinyl acetate dissolved in a suitable solvent and heated to C. was spun using the apparatus shown in the accompanying drawing.
- a single spinneret having 3,000 holes of 3.5 mils in diameter was used for spinning a bundle of 3 denier filaments at the rate of 2.3 pounds per hour.
- the filaments were drawn across the face of the spinneret at a 10 angle and collected in an orderly manner. These filaments were subjected to a normal annealing process wherein fine, regularly spaced crimps in the form of a helix were developed in the filaments.
- a microscopic observation of the individual filaments revealed that they possessed up to 1'8 crimps per inch.
- the filaments were placed in a container of water. The water temperature was elevated to its boiling point and the filaments were removed from the boiling water. After drying, the filaments exhibited substantially the same amount of crimp as previously.
- the present process provides an inexpensive method for imparting a permanent crimp retentivity to synthetic filaments which will reduce the steps presently used to process such filaments for utilization in subsequent processing operations in the textile industry.
- a permanent crimp retentivity for example, in the manufacture of carpets from acrylic fibers, which tend to elongate when heat relaxed, serious limitations have been imposed because of the fact that during the dyeing process normal crimp is destroyed.
- the fibers have been spun from pigmented dope solutions to overcome this problem.
- Acrylic fibers produced in accordance with this invention can be dyed on skeins, or products formed therefrom may be dyed, without removing the crimp or bulk possessed by such products.
- thermoplastic fiber-forming material By the invention, it has been described primarily with reference to spinning acrylic fibers by the wet spinning process, it is also applicable to such thermoplastics as nylon which is melt spun. However, an attempt to spin a thermoplastic fiber-forming material by the dry spinning process proved to be unsuccessful.
- the process of producing crimped, continuous filaments which comprises extruding a synthetic thermoplastic filament-forming material through a spinneret having a plurality of orifices to form continuous filaments, imposing a tension on said filaments in a direction ranging from 10 to 30 degrees with respect to the face of said spinneret, said change in direction occurring at the spinneret face whereby a preferential orientation of the molecular structure of the filaments is imparted thereto, and subsequently relaxing said filaments.
- a process for producing crimped synthetic filaments from a thermoplastic composition which comprises extruding said composition through a spinneret to form continuous filaments, withdrawing the filaments from the face of the spinneret at an angle to cause preferential arrangement of the molecular structure of said filaments, and heat relaxing the withdrawn filaments to develop a crimped condition in said filaments.
- composition is comprised of at least 80 percent acrylonitrile.
- a process for producing continuous filaments from a thermoplastic composition which comprises extruding said composition through a spinneret into a liquid coagulating bath to form continuous filaments, imposing a tension on said filaments at the face of the spinneret at an angle thereto so that substantially more stretch is imparted to one side of the filaments, said stretch being variable across the cross-sectional area thereof, and heat relaxing the stretched filaments to impart crimp thereto.
- composition is comprised of at least 85 percent acrylonitrile.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL128278D NL128278C (pt) | 1964-03-02 | ||
| GB1084073D GB1084073A (pt) | 1964-03-02 | ||
| US348747A US3359356A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1964-03-02 | Process for crimping filaments at the spinneret face |
| LU48090D LU48090A1 (pt) | 1964-03-02 | 1965-02-26 | |
| IL23080A IL23080A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1965-03-01 | Process for crimping synthetic filaments |
| FR7423A FR1425818A (fr) | 1964-03-02 | 1965-03-01 | Fabrication de filaments textiles synthétiques continus |
| BE660419D BE660419A (pt) | 1964-03-02 | 1965-03-01 | |
| NL6502576A NL6502576A (pt) | 1964-03-02 | 1965-03-01 | |
| CH285665A CH458611A (fr) | 1964-03-02 | 1965-03-02 | Procédé de fabrication de filaments textiles synthétiques continus présentant un crêpage potentiel et dispositif de filage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
| DE19651660457 DE1660457A1 (de) | 1964-03-02 | 1965-03-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von oberflaechengekraeuselten endlosen,synthetischen Faeden |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US348747A US3359356A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1964-03-02 | Process for crimping filaments at the spinneret face |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3359356A true US3359356A (en) | 1967-12-19 |
Family
ID=23369360
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US348747A Expired - Lifetime US3359356A (en) | 1964-03-02 | 1964-03-02 | Process for crimping filaments at the spinneret face |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3359356A (pt) |
| BE (1) | BE660419A (pt) |
| CH (1) | CH458611A (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE1660457A1 (pt) |
| FR (1) | FR1425818A (pt) |
| GB (1) | GB1084073A (pt) |
| IL (1) | IL23080A (pt) |
| LU (1) | LU48090A1 (pt) |
| NL (2) | NL6502576A (pt) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3538722A (en) * | 1967-03-27 | 1970-11-10 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for producing curly glass fibers |
| US5165209A (en) * | 1991-01-30 | 1992-11-24 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Transition element |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR759928A (fr) * | 1932-11-18 | 1934-02-13 | Soie Artificielle De Valencien | Procédé de filage de fils systématiquement irréguliers en diamètre, couleur et brillant |
| US2728631A (en) * | 1952-11-05 | 1955-12-27 | Textile & Chemical Res Company | Process for the production of crinkled polyacrylonitrile yarns |
| GB917040A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1963-01-30 | Courtaulds Ltd | The production of crimped polyacrylonitrile filaments |
-
0
- GB GB1084073D patent/GB1084073A/en active Active
- NL NL128278D patent/NL128278C/xx active
-
1964
- 1964-03-02 US US348747A patent/US3359356A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1965
- 1965-02-26 LU LU48090D patent/LU48090A1/xx unknown
- 1965-03-01 FR FR7423A patent/FR1425818A/fr not_active Expired
- 1965-03-01 NL NL6502576A patent/NL6502576A/xx unknown
- 1965-03-01 IL IL23080A patent/IL23080A/xx unknown
- 1965-03-01 BE BE660419D patent/BE660419A/xx unknown
- 1965-03-02 DE DE19651660457 patent/DE1660457A1/de active Pending
- 1965-03-02 CH CH285665A patent/CH458611A/fr unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR759928A (fr) * | 1932-11-18 | 1934-02-13 | Soie Artificielle De Valencien | Procédé de filage de fils systématiquement irréguliers en diamètre, couleur et brillant |
| US2728631A (en) * | 1952-11-05 | 1955-12-27 | Textile & Chemical Res Company | Process for the production of crinkled polyacrylonitrile yarns |
| GB917040A (en) * | 1960-07-27 | 1963-01-30 | Courtaulds Ltd | The production of crimped polyacrylonitrile filaments |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3538722A (en) * | 1967-03-27 | 1970-11-10 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for producing curly glass fibers |
| US5165209A (en) * | 1991-01-30 | 1992-11-24 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Transition element |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL6502576A (pt) | 1965-09-03 |
| NL128278C (pt) | |
| LU48090A1 (pt) | 1965-08-26 |
| BE660419A (pt) | 1965-09-01 |
| FR1425818A (fr) | 1966-01-24 |
| DE1660457A1 (de) | 1971-01-14 |
| GB1084073A (pt) | |
| IL23080A (en) | 1968-12-26 |
| CH458611A (fr) | 1968-06-30 |
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