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US3354664A - Transferring condensed liquids to a storage container - Google Patents

Transferring condensed liquids to a storage container Download PDF

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Publication number
US3354664A
US3354664A US444634A US44463465A US3354664A US 3354664 A US3354664 A US 3354664A US 444634 A US444634 A US 444634A US 44463465 A US44463465 A US 44463465A US 3354664 A US3354664 A US 3354664A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pressure
container
gas
condensate
storage container
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Expired - Lifetime
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US444634A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ster Johannes Van Der
Haarhuis Gerardus Johannes
Tuin Harm Jan
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0276—Laboratory or other miniature devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method and device for condensing gas for a certain period of time under high pressure in a low temperature device whereupon the inlet is closed and the gas is further cooled down to a temperature corresponding with the vapor pressure which is equal or lower than the pressure prevailing in the liquefied gas storage space.
  • the invention relates to a method of liquefying a gas and to a device for performing the said method.
  • a gas under pressure is supplied to a space which is cooled to the condensation temperature of the gas in question associated with that pressure.
  • This space is preferably cooled by means of a cold-gas refrigerator. In that space the gas is condensed, after which this condensed gas is conducted away.
  • a drawback of this known method, in which gas is continuously condensed and conducted away, is that during the conducting away of the liquefied gas there has to be expanded from the pressure at which the condensation takes place, through an expansion valve to atmospheric pressure. In this case again a great part of the liquid volatilizes which adversely influences the production.
  • the percentage of volatilized liquid may in some cases be even 30% for example, in the case of hydrogen gas which is liquefied under a pressure of 8 atmospheres.
  • a further drawback of this known type of devices is that the gas to be condensed must be of high purity since otherwise the channels in the heat exchanger and in the expansion valve, which, in general, are very narrow, can be clocked by the contamination-s.
  • a further advantage of the said method is that the condensate is forced into the storage container by the gas under pressure, As a result of this it has become possible to cool the condensate, during the continued cooling, to a very low temperature and pressure and it is even possible to continue the cooling to such an extent that the pressure of the condensate lies below the pressure in the storage container while all the same the transport of the condensate to the container can take place in a comparatively short period of time. This will be further explained in the description of the figures.
  • the invention further relates to a device which is suitable for performing the method according to the invention.
  • This device is particularly suitable for heavier gases, for example, oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the device according to the invention comprises at least one refrigerator, the cold part of which is arranged in a condensation space to which space are connected an inlet pipe for gas under pressure and an outlet pipe for liquefied gas.
  • This device is characterized in that in the inlet and outlet pipes controllable cocks are provided in which in the outlet pipe also a check valve is operative which checks the flow out of the storage container to the condensation space, the device comprising a control device, which, when the cock in the outlet pipe is closed, keeps the cock in the inlet pipe opened for a given period of time or after a given quantity of condensate is present in the device, after which the control device closes the cock in the inlet pipe and the refrigerator reduces the pressure of the condensate by continued cooling until this pressure is lower than the pressure in the storage container, after which the control device opens the cooks in the inlet and outlet pipes.
  • a control device which, when the cock in the outlet pipe is closed, keeps the cock in the inlet pipe opened for a given period of time or after a given quantity of condensate is present in the device, after which the control device closes the cock in the inlet pipe and the refrigerator reduces the pressure of the condensate by continued cooling until this pressure
  • the expression supercooled condition of the condensate is understood to mean in the present application that the temperature of this condensate is lower than the boiling point temperature of the condensate at the pressure prevailing in the storage container.
  • a difiiculty in this device is that during forcing the condensate out of the condensation space to the storage container the possibility exists that simultaneously with the last quantity of condensate also a quantity of gas under high pressure disappears to the storage container and from there is blown off and is to be considered as a loss.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized
  • the method according to the invention may be used
  • a further embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the outlet pipe empties at a low point in the condensation space and that opposite to the outlet a float is arranged which is capable of closing this outlet when the liquid has fallen below a given level.
  • a further favorable embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the float has thin walls and comprises a pipe which is open at both ends, one end of the said pipe emptying substantially at the bottom of the hollow float and the other end extend- ,ng upwards through such a distance that the upper end always projects above the liquid in the condensation space. Therefore in this device the same pressure will prevail in the float and in the condensation space, so that the walls of the float are not subjected to high pressure- ;litferences. As a result of this, the walls of the float may be thin so that it has a light-weight construction and a comparatively small float will be suificient.
  • a further advantage of this construction is that, when condensate collects in the float, this condensate is pumped back again to the condensation space through the open pipe out of the float during the period that the pressure in the condensation space is being reduced.
  • a favorable embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention is characterized in that controllable cocks are provided in the inlet and outlet pipes, and a check valve being provided, if desired, in the outlet pipe.
  • the controllable cock itself operating as a check valve, if desired, which prevents flow of medium from the storage container to the condensation space, a circulating pipe being connected in parallel with the cock in the inlet pipe, in which circulating pipe a flow resistance and a further controllable cock are provided, which flow resistance has such a passage that the stream of gas flowing through it at the full pressure difference between the gas inlet pipe and the storage container substantially corresponds to the gas current which the coldgas refrigerator can condense at a pressure which is substantially equal to the pressure in the storage container.
  • the present device comprising a control device which, when the cock in the outlet pipe is closed, keeps the cock in the inlet pipe opened for a given period of time or until a given quantity of condensate is present in the device, after which the control device closes the cock in the inlet pipe and the refrigerator reduces the pressure of the condensate by continued cooling until said pressure lies somewhat above the pressure in the storage container, after which the control device opens the cock in the outlet pipe and the further cock.
  • this device comprises no float, it has all the same been prevented that an inadmissible quantity of these valuable gases is lost. The operation and advantages of this device will be further explained in the description of the figures.
  • a further favorable embodiment of the above device according to the invention is characterized in that in the circulating pipe between the flow resistance and the further cock a further container is provided, the control device opening the cock in the outlet pipe and the further cock in the circulating pipe only when the pressure in the condensation space is lower than the pressure in the storage container. Therefore in this case there is the possibility of supercooling the liquid.
  • FIG.-1 diagrammatically shows a device for liquefying gases
  • FIG. 2 shows the operation of the device shown in FIG. 1 in a pressure-time diagram
  • FIG. 3 shows a device for liquefying heavier gases
  • FIG. 4 shows the operation of the device shown in FIG. 3 in a pressure-time diagram
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 show two devices for liquefying lighter gases, for example, hydrogen and helium, with the associated pressure-time diagram in which the operation of these devices is explained;
  • FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of a device for liquefying gases.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a container which contains gas under high pressure.
  • This container is connected, through a gas inlet pipe 2, to the condensation space 3 around the head of a cold-gas refrigerator 4.
  • the condensation space 8 is in open communication with a container 5 which consequently also forms part of the condensation space. If desired, the condensate may naturally also be stored in the space 3 itself.
  • the container 5 is provided with an outlet pipe 6 for condensate which empties in a storage container 7.
  • a cock 8 is provided, while the .outlet pipe 6- for condensate comprises a cock -9..
  • the cocks-8 and 9 are operated by a control device which in accordance with the pressure in the container 5 or, if desired, in accordance with time, opens or closesthe cocks 8 and 9. The operation of this device will be explained with reference to the time-pressure diagram shown in FIG. 2.
  • the container 1 contains a gas, for example, air, oxygen or nitrogen, under a pressure p which, for example, is from 5 to 6 atmospheres. While the cock 9 is closed, the cock 8' is opened. In the spaces 3 and 5 gas enters under high pressure.
  • the pressure p must be chosen to be sufliciently high above the container pressure so as to retain a' suflicient excessive pressure for forcing the liquid out of the container 5 into the container 7. This means that the cooling in the containers3 and Smay not be continued to such an extent as would be desirable.
  • the condensate will expand to the head pressure in which again part of the condensate evaporates.
  • part of the liquid stored in the container 7 will .evaporate by penetrating heat and disappear through a blow-off into the atmosphere which consequently means a loss. In order to restrict this loss one would introduce the liquid in the supercooled condition into the container 7, if this were possible.
  • the liquid in the container 7 would be heated to substantially its boiling point temperature by the penetrating heat. This consequently means that already so much cold is introduced in the head 3-and container 5 that therewith the insulation losses of the container 7 are overcome.
  • the pressure 11 When in the device shown in FIG. 1 the condensate is to be transferred from the container 5 to the container 7 within a permissible period of time, the pressure 11 must be chosen to be rather high before the removal of the liquid-begins. After the liquid has been transferred from the container 5 into the container 7, the cock 9 is closed and the cock 8 is opened and the pressure in the head 3 and container 5 again increases to the starting pressure p at which point the condensation mainly takes place.
  • FIG. 3 shows a device for liquefying heavier gases, for example, air, oxygen and nitrogen.
  • This device again comprises a container 1 for gas under high pressure, which container is connected through an inlet pipe 2, to the condensation space 3 and the container 5.
  • the container 5 is connected to the storage container 7 through an outlet pipe 6.
  • the inlet pipe 2 comprises a cock 8.
  • the outlet pipe 6 comprises a check valve 15 in addition to a cock 9.
  • the functions of the cock 9' and the check valve 15 may be combined, if desired, in a magneticallyoperated valve which operates in the direction of the container 5 as a check valve and can be lifted electromagnetically from its seating.
  • the operation of the device shown in FIG. 3 is shown in the time-pressure diagram of FIG. 4.
  • the cock 9 in the outlet pipe 6 is closed, the cock 8 in the inlet pipe 2 is opened.
  • gas under a pressure p can enter the condensation spaces 3 and 5-.
  • the cold-gas refrigerator 4 condenses this gas under high pressure for a given period of time.
  • the cock '8 is closed.
  • the cold-gas refrigerator 4 continues its cold production, the pressure and the temperature in the spaces 3 and 5 gradually reducing.
  • the pressure in this case follows the line 16, 17 in the diagram of FIG. 4.
  • the continued cooling lasts until the pressure in the spaces 3 and 5 is equal to a pressure p which is lower than the pressure prevailing in the storage container 7. At that instant a quantity of condensate is contained in the continer 5 at a pressure and a temperature of the condensate which are bothlower than the pressure and the temperature of the condensate which is already in the storage container 7. After the pressure p has been reached, the cocks 9 and '8 are both opened substantially simultaneously. As a result of this, the pressure in the spaces 3 and 5 rapidly increases. When the pressure in the space 5 is equal to the pressure in the container 7, the transport of condensate to the container 7 begins. This is indicated in the diagram by the point 18.
  • the condensate is' powerfully forced out of the space 5 into the space 7 by the gas under high pressure so that the transport takes place very rapidly and consumes little time.
  • a float is provided opposite to the aperture of the outlet pipe 6 in the container 5 which closes the aperture of the outlet pipe 6 as soon as the liquid level in the container 5 has fallen below a given value. This float is not shown in the diagrammatic drawing of FIG. 3 but is visible in the device shown in FIG. 9.
  • the device shown in FIG. 3 is not particularly suitable for this type of gas.
  • no float' is available, always part of these valuable gases will flow to the container 7 .at the end of the forcing-out period of the condensate and be conducted away, which means a loss.
  • FIG. 5 a device is shown for liquefying light gases in which this loss will not occur or will occur only to a smallextent.
  • corresponding component parts are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. 3.
  • the inlet pipe 2' is provided with a circulating pipe 19 in which a flow resistance 20 constructed as a capillary and a further cock 21 are provided.
  • the operation of the device shown in FIG. 5 is shown in the time-pressure diagram of FIG. 6.
  • the cock 9 in the outlet pipe 6 is closed, the cock 8 in the inlet pipe 2 is opened.
  • the cold-gas refrigerator 4 condenses a quantity of gas for a given period of time.
  • the cock 8 is closed while the cold-gas refrigerator continues the supply of cold.
  • the pressure in the spaces 3' and 5 decreases according to the line 22-23.
  • the pressure has decreased to just above the pressure which prevails in the container 7.
  • both the cocks 9 in the outlet pipe 6 and the further cock 21 in the circulating pipe 19 are opened.
  • the capillary 20 is constructed so that through it a quantity of gas per unit of time can flow which substantially corresponds to the quantity of gas which the cold-gas refrigerator can condense per unit of time.
  • a needle valve may also be used as a flow resistance. In such a valve a very narrow passage may be. adjusted.
  • a drawback of the device shown in FIG. 5 is that during the continued cooling the pressure cannot be reduced further than the pressure which corresponds to the point 23 of FIG. 6. So in this case no supercooled liquid can be forced into the container 7. In this device, consequently, a certain loss of gas will occur because as a result of insulation losses a quantity of the condensate evaporates in the container 7.
  • This drawback is avoided in the device shown in FIG. 7.
  • an auxiliary container 24 is provided in the circulating pipe 19 between the capillary 20 and the further cock 21.
  • this device requires a check valve 15 in the outlet pipe 6. The operation of this device follows from the diagram shown in FIG. 8.
  • the cock 8 is opened, as a result of which gas under a pressure p can enter the condensation spaces 3 and 5 and be condensed there under high pressure. Then the cock 8 is closed and the pressure is reduced, under continued cooling by means of the coldgas refrigerator 4, to a pressure which-corresponds to point 25 shown in FIG. 8. The pressure at point 25 is lower than the pressure which prevails in the container 7. After this pressure has been reached, the cock 9 in the outlet pipe 6 is opened, while substantially simultaneously the further cock 21 in the circulating pipe 19 is opened. As a result of this, the auxiliary container 24 is connected to the condensation spaces 3 and 5. The gas of high pressure in the auxiliary container 24 now enters the spaces 3 and 5.
  • FIG. 9 shows a device for condensing air, nitrogen or xygen;
  • This device comprises an inlet pipe for gas to e condensed, which pipe comprises a cock 31.
  • the inlet -ipe 30 is connected to an insulated space 32.
  • This space lhich is surrounded by the insulating jacket 33, a number if snow separators 34 are arranged around a container '5.
  • the snow-separators 34 may be constructed in accord- .nce with the separators described in French patent speciication 133,695 (Dutch patent specification 269,432).
  • the eparators 34 are connected to the container 35 which, at ts upper side, is connected, through a gas inlet pipe 36, o the condensation space 37 around the cold head of the zold-gas refrigerator 38.
  • the condensation space 37 is irovided with an outlet pipe for condensate 62, the upper :nd of which is connected to a container formed by the vall 39 in the container 35.
  • This container 40 is in a communicating connection with the separator 34.
  • An overlow pipe 60 for conducting away condensate to the con- :ainer 51 is connected to the container 40.
  • Below the bot :om the walls of the container 35 extend as a perforated iheath-like wall 41. This wall is provided with a bottom 12 in which a liquid outlet pipe 43 is connected.
  • a wall 48 which separates the space, in which the separators 34 are arranged, from the space in which the condensated liquid is received. So in this device there is available an extensive shallow liquid bath 51, which is desirable in connection with the continued cooling in which the liquid is cooled by boiling and the vapour formed is then condensed again on the cold head of the cold-gas refrigerator 38.
  • the condensate is first received in the space 40 until a level has formed which reaches as high as the overflow pipe 60.
  • part of this condensate will disappear into the liquid space 51 through the overflow pipe.
  • this container is connected to the cooling channels of the separators 34, condensate also will be present in these channels.
  • a vapourbubble pumping effect will occur in these channels as a result of which the condensate is pumped upwards through the channels. In this manner a satisfactory even cooling of the gauze layers on which the contaminations are frozen out is obtained.
  • the cock 31 After a given period of time'the cock 31 is closed and the cold-gas refrigerator reduces by continued cooling the pressure and consequently also the temperature in the space and thereby also that of the condensate. This cooling is continued until the pressure of the condensate is below the pressure which prevails in the storage container so that liquid is obtained which, with respect to the pressure which prevails in the storage container, is subcooled. Then, simultaneously, the cocks 49 and 31 are opened, as a result of which the pressure in the space 35 above the liquid rapidly increases to a value which lies considerably above the pressure which prevails in the storage container. As a result of this high pressure, the liquid is powerfully forced into the liquid outlet pipe 43. As a result of this a very rapid siphoning over of liquid to the liquid container takes place.
  • the coldgas refrigerator condenses at the lower pressure only for a comparatively short period of time.
  • the float will close the liquid outlet pipe 43 at a given instant so that it is prevented that high-pressure gas disappears to the storage container with the last liquid.
  • the above device may be used for liquefying helium or hydrogen in addition to air, nitrogen and oxygen.
  • the gas inlet pipe must be provided with a circulating pipe parallel to the cook 31 as described in the device shown in FIGS. 5 and 7.
  • the control must then be effected as is described in FIGS. 6 and 8.
  • An apparatus for liquefying gas supplied under pressure to a receptacle which is cooled to the condensation temperature of the selected gas comprising a cold source for cooling said receptacle whereby said gas is condensed, an inlet pipe for said gas supply under pressure, an outlet pipe for said liquefied gas, acont-rollable valve in each of said inlet and outlet pipes, a storage container, and a control device which when the valve in said outlet pipe is closed maintains the valve in the inlet pipe open for a predetermined period of time, said control device thereafter closing said valve in the inlet pipe, said cold source continuing to cool said receptacle and reducing the pressure of said condensate until said pressure is lower than the pressure in said storage container, and thereafter said control device opening said valves in said inlet and outlet pipes when the pressure in the receptacle is at the said lower pressure whereby the condensate is forced into said storage container by said gas under pressure.
  • An apparatus for liquefying gas supplied under pressure to a receptacle which is cooled to the condensation temperature of the selected gas comprising a refrigerator, the cold part of said refrigerator being connected to the condensation space in said receptacle, an inlet pipe for said gas under pressure connected to said receptacle, an outlet pipe for said liquefied gas connected to said receptacle, controllable valves in both said inlet and outlet pipes, a storage container for said liquefied gas, a circulating pipe in said inlet pipe line bypassing the controllable valve therein and having a flow resistance and an additional controllable valve therein, said flow resistance being so constructed that the gases passing through it at the full pressure difl'erence between said gas inlet pipe and said storage container substantially corresponds to the flow of gas which said refrigerator condenses at a pressure which is substantially equal to the pressure in said storage container, and a control device which when the valve in the outlet pipe is closed maintains the valve in the inlet pipe open for a given period of time, said control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US444634A 1964-04-11 1965-04-01 Transferring condensed liquids to a storage container Expired - Lifetime US3354664A (en)

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NL6403952A NL6403952A (de) 1964-04-11 1964-04-11

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US3354664A true US3354664A (en) 1967-11-28

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US444634A Expired - Lifetime US3354664A (en) 1964-04-11 1965-04-01 Transferring condensed liquids to a storage container

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US (1) US3354664A (de)
AT (1) AT258257B (de)
BE (1) BE662342A (de)
DE (1) DE1267690B (de)
ES (1) ES311630A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1042130A (de)
NL (2) NL6403952A (de)
SE (1) SE305224B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0158395A1 (de) * 1984-03-29 1985-10-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Verfahren zur Verflüssigung eines Gases und Verflüssigungsapparat zum Betreiben des Verfahrens
US5582016A (en) * 1992-05-07 1996-12-10 Aerospace Design & Development, Inc. Conditioning and loading apparatus and method for gas storage at cryogenic temperature and supercritical pressure
US6681764B1 (en) * 1997-06-16 2004-01-27 Sequal Technologies, Inc. Methods and apparatus to generate liquid ambulatory oxygen from an oxygen concentrator

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3210952A (en) * 1961-12-11 1965-10-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Reclamation device for gas-type circuit interrupters
US3282061A (en) * 1963-02-04 1966-11-01 Philips Corp Gas liquefier plant with low pressure storage

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3210952A (en) * 1961-12-11 1965-10-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Reclamation device for gas-type circuit interrupters
US3282061A (en) * 1963-02-04 1966-11-01 Philips Corp Gas liquefier plant with low pressure storage

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0158395A1 (de) * 1984-03-29 1985-10-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Verfahren zur Verflüssigung eines Gases und Verflüssigungsapparat zum Betreiben des Verfahrens
US5582016A (en) * 1992-05-07 1996-12-10 Aerospace Design & Development, Inc. Conditioning and loading apparatus and method for gas storage at cryogenic temperature and supercritical pressure
US6681764B1 (en) * 1997-06-16 2004-01-27 Sequal Technologies, Inc. Methods and apparatus to generate liquid ambulatory oxygen from an oxygen concentrator
US6698423B1 (en) * 1997-06-16 2004-03-02 Sequal Technologies, Inc. Methods and apparatus to generate liquid ambulatory oxygen from an oxygen concentrator
USRE43398E1 (en) * 1997-06-16 2012-05-22 Respironics, Inc. Methods and apparatus to generate liquid ambulatory oxygen from an oxygen concentrator

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Publication number Publication date
GB1042130A (en) 1966-09-14
SE305224B (de) 1968-10-21
NL6403952A (de) 1965-10-12
DE1267690B (de) 1968-05-09
ES311630A1 (es) 1965-07-01
AT258257B (de) 1967-11-10
BE662342A (de) 1965-10-11
NL134862C (de)

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