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US3354021A - Thermal insulating devices - Google Patents

Thermal insulating devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3354021A
US3354021A US46635565A US3354021A US 3354021 A US3354021 A US 3354021A US 46635565 A US46635565 A US 46635565A US 3354021 A US3354021 A US 3354021A
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Prior art keywords
film
films
stack
insulating
plastic
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Royet Jean
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K11/00—Methods or arrangements for graph-reading or for converting the pattern of mechanical parameters, e.g. force or presence, into electrical signal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B13/00—Bundling articles
    • B65B13/18—Details of, or auxiliary devices used in, bundling machines or bundling tools
    • B65B13/24—Securing ends of binding material
    • B65B13/26—Securing ends of binding material by knotting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/28—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with resilient valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F17C3/085—Cryostats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/06—Walls
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/10—Structural combination of fuel element, control rod, reactor core, or moderator structure with sensitive instruments, e.g. for measuring radioactivity, strain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02—Fuel elements
    • G21C3/04—Constructional details
    • G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
    • G21C3/10—End closures ; Means for tight mounting therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F7/00—Shielded cells or rooms
    • G21F7/06—Structural combination with remotely-controlled apparatus, e.g. with manipulators
    • G21F7/067—Transferring devices within cells or boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0607—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/12—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material
    • F25D2201/128—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of foil type
    • F25D2201/1282—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of foil type with reflective foils
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
    • Y10S435/911—Microorganisms using fungi
    • Y10S435/932—Paecilomyces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24281—Struck out portion type
    • Y10T428/24289—Embedded or interlocked
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thermal insulating devices for use in cryogenics and is more particularly concerned with a multi-laminar insulator of novel structure resulting in a notable improvement of the insulating characteristics thereof.
  • the best insulating results have been obtained by stacks of metallic foils or very thin unilaterally metallized plastic films disposed in a high vacuum in the jacketed walls of the liquid gas container.
  • the insulating films are preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate coated on one face with aluminum by means of vacuum deposition.
  • Adjacent crinkled films when superimposed, are in irregular linear contact over their entire facing areas. The departure from a total area contact and the achievement of irregular linear contact by means of an initial crinkling step significantly reduced the thermal conductivity by contact across the insulating stack.
  • the disadvantage of the crinkling method lies in that the locations of contact between adjacent films are not minimized, but are only reduced in a haphazard manner without excluding the possibility of the presence of substantial areas in contact.
  • a further drawback of the aforementioned structure is the possibility of the formation of random, hermetically insulated pockets which may retain trapped air particles after the wall jackets are subjected to vacuum. The presence of trapped air prevents obtaining a high quality vacuum essential for the best insulating results.
  • This invention obviates all of the above-enumerated disadvantages by means of improved structural features applied to very thin metallized plastic films.
  • the principal object of this invention is to provide a thermal insulating film element of improved structure to be assembled into a stack wherein adjacent superimposed films are in point contact with one another according to a predetermined definite pattern.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a thermal insulating film element of improved structure to be assembled into a stack wherein the trapping of air particles between adjacent films of the stack is prevented.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a thermal insulating film element of improved structure to be assembled into a stack wherein the undesirable effects of static electricity are eliminated.
  • FIG. 1 is a slightly enlarged isometric view of a film element of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a greatly enlarged cross-section of a film element of one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic elevational view of several film elements of FIG. 2 in a stacked relation;
  • FIG. 4 is a greatly enlarged cross-section of a film element of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of three film elements of FIG. 4 in a stacked relation
  • FIG. 6 is a greatly enlarged cross-section of a film element of another embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional schematic view of a modified assembly of the insulating film elements
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional schematic View of an assembly unit of the insulating film elements
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view on a reduced scale of a plurality of insluating assembly units disposed between the dual walls of a cryogenic container.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown an insulating film element generally indicated at 1.
  • This ele ment comprises a plactic base 2 made, for example, of polyethylene terephthalate and coated with a metallic layer 3, consisting, for example, of aluminum.
  • the insulating film elment 1 is provided with a series of deformations each having a protrusion 4. These protrusions, which may be of any desired shape (such as pyramidal or conical), are made, for example, by passing the metallized film 2 through suitable roller dies (not shown). It becomes now apparent that by assembling a plurality of films into a stack, adjacent films will be exclusively in a point contact by the well-defined, patterned locations of the protrusions 4.
  • the film elements 1 are shown in a stacked relation in the diagrammatic view of FIG. 3.
  • the number of protrusions per square inch should be kept at a minimum in order to minimize thermal conductivity by contact, but, on the other hand, should be sufliciently large to prevent sagging and eventual contact of adjacent lms between protrusions.
  • an insulating film element generally indicated at 5.
  • This element comprises a plastic base 6 made, for example, of polyethylene terephthalate and coated on both sides by a metallic layer, '7 and 8, consisting, for example, of aluminum.
  • a plastic base 6 made, for example, of polyethylene terephthalate and coated on both sides by a metallic layer, '7 and 8, consisting, for example, of aluminum.
  • Aluminum coated polyethylene terephthalate films constituting the base material for practicing the present invention, are commercially available as stock material for capacitors.
  • the plastic base 6 of film element may also be made of a polycarbonate, such as diphenol carbonate.
  • Polycarbonates have two significant advantages over the polyethylene terephthalate in this environment: (1) polycarbonate sheets are more rigid; consequently the film elements used may be of reduced thickness and (2) the heat conductivity of polycarbonates is less than that of polyethylene polyterephthalate.
  • FIG. 4 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional view of the film element 5 taken across one of the protrusions 9.
  • the film element 5 is deformed in such a manner that the upper metallic layer 3 is disrupted or pierced as shown at and the upper portion 11 of the plastic film 6 protrudes therethrough.
  • the highest portions of protrusions 9, as viewed from the outer face of metallic layer 7, will be the apical portions 11 of the plastic film 6.
  • FIG. 6 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 6. While the plastic film 6' is deformed without rupture in the precedingly-described embodiment of FIG. 4, it will be noted in FIG. 6' that there is shown here a film element wherein the lower metallic layer 8 and the plastic film 6 are ruptured to form a small aperture 12 extending through the entire deformation. It is to be noted that the torn upper portion 13 of the ruptured and thus apertured film 6, as viewed from the surface of metal layer 7 is located higher than the highest edge portions of the dissupted upper metal layer 7. Thus, again, metal-to-metal contact will be avoided when the film elements of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 are superimposed to form an insulating stack.
  • insulating stacks composed of apertured or ruptured film elements as described With reference to FIG. 6 also have distinct advantages over the prior known art inasmuch as they make it possible to obtain a better vacuum in the jacket 14 (FIG. 9) with the same techniques of exhaustion.
  • Apertures 12 prevent the formation of hermetically closed pockets between two adjacent film elements and thus no trapped air will remain within the stack to weaken the vacuum. It has also been found that the distinct advantages achieved by provision of minute apertures in the laminated stack thus effecting a better vacuum far exceeds any disadvantages attributable to the use of the perforations.
  • the lateral conductivity of insulating stacks was measured that consisted of 50-100 aluminized, poly-ethylene terephthalate films of a structure as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, except that the films were only unilaterally aluminized at their top face.
  • the thickness of the plastic film was 6 microns and the overall thickness of the stacks was 8-15 mm.
  • the value of the vacuum was 1() mm. of mercury pressure, while the temperature conditions were 77 K.
  • the lateral heat conductivity measured with industrial instruments was found to be 54x10 Watt/cm. K.
  • stacks consisting of bilaterally aluminized film elements of the structure shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 were measured.
  • the lateral heat conductivity now was found to be 24x10" watt/cm.- K.
  • the improvement in the heat insulating properties of bilaterally metallized stacks over unilaterally metallized stacks may be explained by the absence of electrostatic charges in the former. Such charges, present in unilaterally aluminized film elements, cause an attraction therebetween, thus increasing the heat conductivity.
  • the deformations in the film elements described hereinbefore and shown in FIGS. 1 through 6 are uniformly directed in that the protrusion resulting therefrom are all located on the one side of the film element.
  • FIG. 7 it is conceivable and within the scope of the invention to deform the film element in such a manner that its surface area is deformed on opposed sides.
  • the deformations are preferably arranged on elements 15 in such a manner that adjacent protrusions on the same film element 15 are oppositely oriented.
  • adjacent protrusions 16 and 17 are on opposed faces of element 15.
  • nondeformed plastic films 18 which may be either metallized or non-metallized.
  • a film element to be assembled in plural superimposed layers into a thermal insulating stack comprising a plastic base having two faces, a metal coating on at least one face thereof, a series of individual protrusions in said element over at least one entire face thereof, each protrusion including a disrupted area of one of said metal coatings and an apical portion of said plastic face projecting beyond said disrupted area, said apical portions of said element constituting the sole, substantially point contact with an adjacent superimposed film element when assembled into a stack.
  • a film element as defined in claim 1, wherein said protrusions are of substantially identical height dimensions and are spaced substantially equidistantly.
  • a film element according to claim 1, wherein said protrusions are of a pyramidal shape.
  • a film element according to claim 1, wherein said protrusions are of a conical shape.
  • a film element according to claim 1 wherein said film element is punctured through at least some of said apical portions.
  • a film element as defined is claim 6, wherein said polycarbonate is diphenol carbonate.
  • a thermal insulating stack comprising two series of alternately superimposed films, each film of the first series having a plastic base, a metal coating on at least one face thereof, a plurality of individual protrusions in each of said films of said first series over both faces thereof, said protrusion being so arranged that adjacent ones in said films of the first series are located on opposite faces of the film, each said protrusion including a disrupted area of one of said metal coating and an apical portion of said plastic base projecting beyond said disrupted area, the films of said second series including a plastic base and having planar faces, said apical portions on said films of the first series constituting the sole, substantially point contact with the films of said second series.
  • a thermal insulating stack according to claim 8 wherein films of said second series have a metal coating on at least one face thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US46635565 1963-09-18 1965-06-23 Thermal insulating devices Expired - Lifetime US3354021A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR947900A FR1378150A (fr) 1963-09-18 1963-09-18 Dispositif d'isolation thermique
FR983456A FR86199E (fr) 1963-09-18 1964-07-29 Dispositif d'isolation thermique
FR9009A FR87548E (fr) 1963-09-18 1965-03-12 Dispositif d'isolation thermique

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US3354021A true US3354021A (en) 1967-11-21

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US46635565 Expired - Lifetime US3354021A (en) 1963-09-18 1965-06-23 Thermal insulating devices

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US (1) US3354021A (xx)
BE (2) BE651986A (xx)
CH (3) CH435892A (xx)
DE (2) DE1450940A1 (xx)
FR (3) FR1378150A (xx)
GB (2) GB1072806A (xx)
LU (2) LU46801A1 (xx)
NL (2) NL6410760A (xx)
SE (2) SE309886B (xx)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3550050A (en) * 1967-08-17 1970-12-22 Siemens Ag Superconducting coil with cooling means
US3906578A (en) * 1973-10-17 1975-09-23 W Rene Huber Lint remover having localized projections
US3936553A (en) * 1972-11-24 1976-02-03 Rorand (Proprietary) Limited Insulating materials
US3980981A (en) * 1974-08-05 1976-09-14 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Support structure for rippled superconducting magnet
US4168013A (en) * 1977-10-17 1979-09-18 Trans Temp Inc. High temperature insulating container
US4371741A (en) * 1980-02-12 1983-02-01 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Composite superconductors
US4708247A (en) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-24 Signode Paper Products Company Slip sheet
US5524406A (en) * 1994-03-24 1996-06-11 Atd Corporation Insulating apparatus and method for attaching an insulating pad to a support
US5800905A (en) * 1990-01-22 1998-09-01 Atd Corporation Pad including heat sink and thermal insulation area
US5939212A (en) * 1997-06-09 1999-08-17 Atd Corporation Flexible corrugated multilayer metal foil shields and method of making
US5958603A (en) * 1997-06-09 1999-09-28 Atd Corporation Shaped multilayer metal foil shield structures and method of making
US6276044B1 (en) 1997-06-09 2001-08-21 Atd Corporation Shaped multilayer metal foil shield structures and method of making
US6276356B1 (en) 1998-07-09 2001-08-21 Atd Corporation Portable gas grill
US6808791B2 (en) 1999-12-21 2004-10-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Applications for laminate web
US6939599B2 (en) 1996-09-13 2005-09-06 Brian H. Clark Structural dimple panel
US20060096183A1 (en) * 2003-02-24 2006-05-11 Zenzo Yamaguchi Sound-absorbing structure using thin film
US20100035078A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2010-02-11 Staudt Eric K Embossed thermal shield and methods of construction and installation
US20110031305A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2011-02-10 Dixie Consumer Products Llc Method of making a container employing inner liner and vents for thermal insulation
US9168714B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2015-10-27 Dixie Consumer Products Llc Methods for making paperboard blanks and paperboard products therefrom
CN105946321A (zh) * 2013-01-11 2016-09-21 株式会社钟化 隔热片以及隔热部件
US9790836B2 (en) 2012-11-20 2017-10-17 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company, Inc. Loose-fill insulation exhaust gas treatment device and methods of manufacturing
US9926098B2 (en) 2012-06-25 2018-03-27 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Paperboard blanks having a shrinkable film adhered thereto and paperboard container made therefrom
WO2018147177A1 (ja) * 2017-02-08 2018-08-16 川崎重工業株式会社 断熱構造
US20190017645A1 (en) * 2017-07-17 2019-01-17 Raytheon Company Three-dimensional multi-shell insulation
CN113251243A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-13 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 真空绝热板用膜材、真空绝热板及其制备方法
US11976772B2 (en) 2021-04-21 2024-05-07 Integrity Products & Supplies Inc. Pipe insulation spacer system

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FR2435652A1 (fr) * 1978-06-28 1980-04-04 Sofitec Conduite metallique calorifugee et enterree pour le transport de fluides
AU5328779A (en) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-12 Air Products And Chemicals Inc. Super insulation
DE3680793D1 (de) * 1986-11-14 1991-09-12 A4Gm Energet Gepgyarto Leany Schichtenweise aufgebauter waermedamm.
DE19854521C1 (de) * 1998-11-26 2000-06-08 Muendener Gummiwerk Gmbh Isolierte Schlauchleitung
DE202004017115U1 (de) * 2004-11-05 2006-03-16 SCHWENK DÄMMTECHNIK GMBH & Co KG Wärmedämmplatte
GB2579074B (en) 2018-11-19 2021-02-17 Siemens Healthcare Ltd A self-supporting flexible thermal radiation shield

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Cited By (35)

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US3550050A (en) * 1967-08-17 1970-12-22 Siemens Ag Superconducting coil with cooling means
US3936553A (en) * 1972-11-24 1976-02-03 Rorand (Proprietary) Limited Insulating materials
US3906578A (en) * 1973-10-17 1975-09-23 W Rene Huber Lint remover having localized projections
US3980981A (en) * 1974-08-05 1976-09-14 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Support structure for rippled superconducting magnet
US4168013A (en) * 1977-10-17 1979-09-18 Trans Temp Inc. High temperature insulating container
US4371741A (en) * 1980-02-12 1983-02-01 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Composite superconductors
US4708247A (en) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-24 Signode Paper Products Company Slip sheet
US5800905A (en) * 1990-01-22 1998-09-01 Atd Corporation Pad including heat sink and thermal insulation area
US5524406A (en) * 1994-03-24 1996-06-11 Atd Corporation Insulating apparatus and method for attaching an insulating pad to a support
US6939599B2 (en) 1996-09-13 2005-09-06 Brian H. Clark Structural dimple panel
US5939212A (en) * 1997-06-09 1999-08-17 Atd Corporation Flexible corrugated multilayer metal foil shields and method of making
US5958603A (en) * 1997-06-09 1999-09-28 Atd Corporation Shaped multilayer metal foil shield structures and method of making
US6207293B1 (en) 1997-06-09 2001-03-27 Atd Corporation Flexible corrugated multilayer metal foil shields and method of making
US6276044B1 (en) 1997-06-09 2001-08-21 Atd Corporation Shaped multilayer metal foil shield structures and method of making
US6451447B1 (en) 1997-06-09 2002-09-17 Atd Corporation Shaped multilayer metal foil shield structures and method of making
US6660403B2 (en) 1997-06-09 2003-12-09 Atd Corporation Flexible corrugated multilayer metal foil shields and method of making
US6276356B1 (en) 1998-07-09 2001-08-21 Atd Corporation Portable gas grill
US6808791B2 (en) 1999-12-21 2004-10-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Applications for laminate web
US20060096183A1 (en) * 2003-02-24 2006-05-11 Zenzo Yamaguchi Sound-absorbing structure using thin film
US20110031305A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2011-02-10 Dixie Consumer Products Llc Method of making a container employing inner liner and vents for thermal insulation
US8622232B2 (en) * 2005-06-30 2014-01-07 Dixie Consumer Products Llc Method of making a container employing inner liner and vents for thermal insulation
US9168714B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2015-10-27 Dixie Consumer Products Llc Methods for making paperboard blanks and paperboard products therefrom
US20100035078A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2010-02-11 Staudt Eric K Embossed thermal shield and methods of construction and installation
US9926098B2 (en) 2012-06-25 2018-03-27 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Paperboard blanks having a shrinkable film adhered thereto and paperboard container made therefrom
US9790836B2 (en) 2012-11-20 2017-10-17 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company, Inc. Loose-fill insulation exhaust gas treatment device and methods of manufacturing
EP2944858A4 (en) * 2013-01-11 2017-02-15 Kaneka Corporation Heat insulating sheet, heat insulating material, heat insulating sheet manufacturing method, and heat insulating material manufacturing method
CN105946321A (zh) * 2013-01-11 2016-09-21 株式会社钟化 隔热片以及隔热部件
US10099446B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2018-10-16 Kaneka Corporation Heat insulating sheet, heat insulating material, method of manufacturing heat insulating sheet, and method of manufacturing heat insulating material
WO2018147177A1 (ja) * 2017-02-08 2018-08-16 川崎重工業株式会社 断熱構造
JP2018128069A (ja) * 2017-02-08 2018-08-16 川崎重工業株式会社 断熱構造
US20190017645A1 (en) * 2017-07-17 2019-01-17 Raytheon Company Three-dimensional multi-shell insulation
US10408378B2 (en) * 2017-07-17 2019-09-10 Raytheon Company Three-dimensional multi-shell insulation
US11644146B2 (en) 2017-07-17 2023-05-09 Raytheon Company Three-dimensional multi-shell insulation
US11976772B2 (en) 2021-04-21 2024-05-07 Integrity Products & Supplies Inc. Pipe insulation spacer system
CN113251243A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-13 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 真空绝热板用膜材、真空绝热板及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE334783B (xx) 1971-05-03
NL6410760A (xx) 1965-03-19
GB1072806A (en) 1967-06-21
BE651986A (xx) 1965-02-19
CH453826A (fr) 1968-03-31
LU50607A1 (xx) 1967-09-11
LU46801A1 (xx) 1966-02-22
BE677539A (xx) 1966-09-09
SE309886B (xx) 1969-04-08
DE1450940A1 (de) 1969-04-17
FR86199E (fr) 1965-12-24
CH435892A (fr) 1967-05-15
FR1378150A (fr) 1964-11-13
CH431213A (fr) 1967-02-28
FR87548E (fr) 1966-06-24
NL6602910A (xx) 1966-09-13
DE1500676A1 (de) 1969-03-06
GB1099445A (en) 1968-01-17

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