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US3353850A - Method and apparatus for holding a pair of hollow metal articles together - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for holding a pair of hollow metal articles together Download PDF

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Publication number
US3353850A
US3353850A US593197A US59319766A US3353850A US 3353850 A US3353850 A US 3353850A US 593197 A US593197 A US 593197A US 59319766 A US59319766 A US 59319766A US 3353850 A US3353850 A US 3353850A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sections
nipple
push
metal
radiator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US593197A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tom E Butz
Seymour N Schlein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fanner Manufacturing Co
Original Assignee
Fanner Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fanner Manufacturing Co filed Critical Fanner Manufacturing Co
Priority to US593197A priority Critical patent/US3353850A/en
Priority to ES346310A priority patent/ES346310A2/es
Priority to FR125796A priority patent/FR93196E/fr
Priority to NL6714974A priority patent/NL6714974A/xx
Priority to BE706267D priority patent/BE706267A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3353850A publication Critical patent/US3353850A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectable pipe joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive, or caulked joints
    • F16L13/10—Adhesive or cemented joints
    • F16L13/103—Adhesive joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B17/00—Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane
    • F22B17/10—Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane built-up from water-tube sets in abutting connection with two sectional headers each for every set, i.e. with headers in a number of sections across the width or height of the boiler
    • F22B17/12—Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane built-up from water-tube sets in abutting connection with two sectional headers each for every set, i.e. with headers in a number of sections across the width or height of the boiler the sectional headers being in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/14—Arrangements for connecting different sections, e.g. in water heaters 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/14—Arrangements for connecting different sections, e.g. in water heaters 
    • F24H9/146—Connecting elements of a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F28F9/262—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators
    • F28F9/268—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators by permanent joints, e.g. by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/30—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections
    • F24H1/32—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections with vertical sections arranged side by side
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S285/00—Pipe joints or couplings
    • Y10S285/915—Mastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49885—Assembling or joining with coating before or during assembling

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A joint between a pair of radiator or boiler sections which sections each have tapering passages to their interiors wherein a conventionally shaped push nipple with a curved outer surface is employed. The nipple is coated with a thin heat resistant plastic coating.
  • the radiator sections are forced over the coated push nipple and the resulting joint includes areas of metal to metal contact between the push nipple and the radiator passages, as well as areas of plastic forced into the interstices between the outer surface of the push nipple and the passages of the radiator sections. On opposite sides of the area having both metal to metal contact and plastic forced into the interstices there are areas completely bridged over by the plastic which are essentially free of metal to metal contact.
  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for holding boiler and radiator sections together and for providing a fluid connection therebetween.
  • radiators which comprise a plurality of sections
  • boilers have been made in the same general manner. Since it is necessary that the sections also have means for circulating the steam or other fluid through the sections each section is provided with ports which are in alignment with those of the other sections, and reversely threaded nipples are threaded into the ports to provide the fluid connection.
  • the threaded nipples are expensive both to manufacture and install and had the additional disadvantage that the radiator sections could not be placed as close together as desired, thus increasing the space and decreasing the heat exchanging capabilities.
  • the present invention contemplates a method and apparatus whereby a nipple of the push type may be used and because of its operation the radiator or boiler sections are secured together without the use of any bolts, clamps or means other than the nipple itself.
  • FIGURE 1 is a vertical medial sectional View of a nipple used in carrying out this invention on a greatly en- I larged scale with certain features exaggerated to better illustrate its form;
  • FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of a pair of boiler or radiator sections with the nipple in position joining them together in fluid tight relationship, also with certain features exaggerated for clarity; and,
  • FIGURE 3 is a somewhat diagrammatic representation of a portion of the interface between an assembled push nipple and passage wall in a radiator section.
  • this invention contemplates the provision of a push nipple formed of a relatively malleable material, such as malleable iron, which has an adhesive coating on the surface thereof, preferably a cured synthetic resin, which nipple is inserted in the nipple receiving bosses of adjacent radiator or boiler sections and when the sections are forced tightly over the nipple the nipple will provide a fluid tight connection between the radiator or boiler sections with the nipple providing for fiuid communication between the hollow interiors of the adjacent sections.
  • the push nipple provides the sole structural connection between the radiator or boiler sections without the necessity of using tie bolts or the like.
  • FIG. 1 a medial sectional view of a push nipple for use in this invention is shown on a greatly enlarged scale with the outer curvature thereof exaggerated for clarity of illustration.
  • the push nipple per se is comprised of a tubular malleable iron body member 10 having a through central bore 12 and a curved or tapered outer surface 14.
  • the body 10 is of conventional design configuration.
  • the outer surface 14 from the outer edges 16 inwardly to points 18 is formed with a radius of curvature R and the surface between the points 18 is formed with a radius of curvatures R R being greater than R
  • the exterior curved surface 14, as well as the end surfaces 20, of the body is coated with a layer of adhesive 22.
  • the adhesive is preferably one of the plastics having the ability to withstand water, steam or other heat exchange liquids. It should have the ability to expand and contract along with the material of the body and to fill the pores on the surface of the body as well as the pores of the section to which it is to be engaged. Although shown as covering the outside surfaces only, it is con templated that the entire outside and inside could be coated with the adhesive. It is also preferred that the adhesive be of a character that the aging of the adhesive be such that it attain a certain degree of hardness. Also, the adhesive should have the ability to fiow at the time of installation. When the adhesive finally stabilizes, it should be a semi-rigid material. Suitable adhesives include, but are not limited to synthetic resins in the classes including polypropylene, urethane, epoxy resins, and the hydrocarbons.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a pair of radiator or boiler sections 24 in assembled relationship with an adhesive coated push nipple.
  • Each of the sections has a boss 26 which is provided with a tapered frusto conical inner surface 28 having one end 30 communicating with the interior of the section and an opposite end opening 32.
  • the diameter of the opening 32 is greater than the diameter of the body 10 of the push nipple at the ends 16 thereof, exclusive of the plastic coating 22.
  • the diameter of the opening 30 in the boss is less than the diameter of the body 10 at its central thickest part between points 18.
  • a clearance groove 34 is provided in each of the bosses 26 adjacent the opening 32, the'clearance grooves 34 connecting with flat faces 36 on the bosses 26.
  • the nipple has one end inserted in one of the bores in one section and then the other section is brought up to the exposed end of the nipple and the bore thereof placed over the nipple. All of the sections may be preassembled in this manner. Then pressure is applied to all of the sections to cause the nipples to be pushed home to the position shown in FIG- URE 2. Alternatively, two adjacent sections can be assembled and pushed home and then successive individual sections assembled individually and pushed home. It is also contemplated that the assembly may be expedited and that initial stabilization of the adhesive started by heating the sections just prior to assembly.
  • the configuration and sizes of the tapered bores and push nipples are such that a substantial amount of the plastic 22 from the surface is displaced .into the clearance spaces 34 and between the faces 36.
  • the clearance spaces 34 may be substantially completely filled or only partially filled, as shown in FIGURE 2.
  • Radiator or boiler sections assembled as described herein need no additional tie bolts or other means to maintain them in assembled relationship with the control push nipples providing the total holding power to join the sections together.
  • the interface between the push-nipple 10 and the surface 28 from the end of the bore 32 to the point B, shown in FIGURE 2 were also normally definitely spaced from each other with similar bridging of the plastic and little or no metal-to-metal contact. Also, in this section pits and voids in both the cast iron and malleable iron were filled with the plastic.
  • the interface between the points A and B, shown in FIGURE 2 showed regions which appeared to be of essentially metal contact between the outer surface of the body 10 of the push nipple and the surface 28, as well as regions where the metal surfaces were spaced and bridged over with the plastic. At these bridged-over or filled spaces the opposing metal surfaces also had areas or voids which the plastic filled. Some of the pits and voids which were directly opposite each other had the adhesive extending from inside one pit or void over to and inside the other pit or void. The boundaries of such pits and voids sometimes shows metal-to-metal contact and in other places a thin layer of adhesive between the opposite metal surfaces.
  • FIGURE 3 is a somewhat diagrammatic representation of a portion of the interface between points A and B as it appears under magnification of between about 50X and 250 showing areas of essentially metal-to-metal contact and areas of spaced walls bridged over by the adhesive. It was also noted that due to the variations within tolerances of the sizes of the tapers in the bosses 26 and the sizes within tolerances with the outer surfaces 14 of the body 10 that the distance between points A and B varied from joint to joint, and even varied on opposite sides of a single joint. In some cases the distance between points A and B was rather extensive, whereas in other cases it was a relatively small portion of the total area forming the joint. Usually, however, the distance from the surface 30 to point A was somewhat longer or more extensive than the distance from surface 32 to point B.
  • the increased holding power of sections joined by nipples of this invention was demonstrated by comparing the strength of sections joined by adhesive coated nipples according to this invention with sections joined with uncoated similar nipples of the prior art.
  • the tests were performed by first joining several sections of radiators with uncoated push-nipples according to convention prior art practice, but omitting the use of tie bolts. The joined sections were then subjected to pressure. In all cases the joints failed before the burst pressure of the sections was reached and usually this was at a value less than the required rating of pressure to be withstood. Then similar sections were joined with push-nipples coated with adhesive according to this invention and subjected to pressure. In virtually all cases the required pressure rating was exceeded without joint failure and in many cases a radiator section Iburst while the joint continued to hold. These tests demonstrated the superior holding power of joints formed according to this invention with adhesive coated push-nipples.
  • An additional advantage of the plastic coating on the body of the push-nipple is the increased efiectiveness of the fluid seal between the push-nipple and the tapered bore even if used in conjunction with conventional tie bolts.
  • the plastic around the nipple and between the interfaces of the metal provides an extremely good seal, the plastic flowing to all of the exposed areas to prevent fluid leakageto a much greater extent than can be achieved with uncoated nipples.
  • prior art uncoated pushnipples for assembling sections there always was a certain number of leaking joints caused by imperfections on the mating surfaces, out of tolerance surfaces, etc.; however, with the adhesive coated nipples of this invention, virtually no leaking joints have been encountered.
  • the plastic may be made of a material which is filled with finely divided metal particles and if the assembly is heated to a suflicient temperature to burn out the filler material, the metal particles remaining will be securely bonded together to provide a strength increasing seal.
  • filler material can be added to the plastic to strengthen the plastic and/ or raise the temperature which it can attain without burning out or being degraded.
  • the shape of the outer surface need not be limited to the exact configuration described, it only being necessary that it taper from a smaller diameter at its ends to a larger diameter at its middle, with the smaller diameter being smaller than the opening of the radiator boss and the larger diameter being larger than this opening 32 of the boss.
  • Means for joining a pair of hollow cast iron members which members each have a passage communicating with the exterior and terminating in an opening and wherein the walls of said passages taper outwardly toward said Opening and wherein said passage has a smaller diameter Where it communicates with the exterior and a larger diameter at the opposite end thereof, comprising a malleable metal tubular member disposed within each of said passages to provide interconnection therebetween, said tubular member having an outer surface which curves from a smaller diameter at the ends thereof to a larger diameter at the central portion thereof, said tubular member having a portion of its outer diameter larger than a portion of the diameter of the opening, said outer surface of the tubular member having a coating thereon of a synthetic resin having the property of adhering to and bonding metals, said resin being resistant to deterioration at temperatures above 225 F., said outer surface of said malleable member having line contact at tangency with each of said passages which line contact expands to area contact on deformation, said expanding area of contact causing a portion of the resin to be

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US593197A 1965-03-25 1966-11-09 Method and apparatus for holding a pair of hollow metal articles together Expired - Lifetime US3353850A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US593197A US3353850A (en) 1965-03-25 1966-11-09 Method and apparatus for holding a pair of hollow metal articles together
ES346310A ES346310A2 (es) 1965-03-25 1967-10-21 Un metodo para unir un miembro tubular, en un articulo hue-co,tal como una seccion de un radiador.
FR125796A FR93196E (fr) 1965-03-25 1967-10-25 Raccord a emmanchement.
NL6714974A NL6714974A (xx) 1965-03-25 1967-11-03
BE706267D BE706267A (xx) 1965-03-25 1967-11-09

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US44268465A 1965-03-25 1965-03-25
US593197A US3353850A (en) 1965-03-25 1966-11-09 Method and apparatus for holding a pair of hollow metal articles together

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3353850A true US3353850A (en) 1967-11-21

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ID=38924661

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US593197A Expired - Lifetime US3353850A (en) 1965-03-25 1966-11-09 Method and apparatus for holding a pair of hollow metal articles together

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3353850A (xx)
BE (1) BE706267A (xx)
ES (1) ES346310A2 (xx)
FR (1) FR93196E (xx)
NL (1) NL6714974A (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4088414A (en) * 1976-09-02 1978-05-09 Fallein Daryl L Coupling for joining sections of pipe and method for its use
US4260168A (en) * 1979-07-06 1981-04-07 Berg Lennart G Sealing ring
US4736967A (en) * 1986-12-04 1988-04-12 The Hydril Company Tubular pin configuration to prevent galling while ensuring sealing
US4817962A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-04-04 The Hydril Company Universal tubular connection having a variable metal-to-metal seal width corresponding to material yield strength
US20090174180A1 (en) * 2006-03-13 2009-07-09 Stephen Lackey Hose joint with adhesive
US20140318739A1 (en) * 2013-04-26 2014-10-30 Dejatech Holding B.V. Modular heat exchanger with sections interconnected by connectors
US20150159791A1 (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-11 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Radially compressed straight tube seal assembly

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190500813A (en) * 1905-01-16 1905-06-08 Arthur Whitlock Improvement in Heating Apparatus Boilers
US2180960A (en) * 1938-07-26 1939-11-21 Benjamin H Kennedy Nipple structure
US2409283A (en) * 1943-04-21 1946-10-15 James L Hudson Coupling for plastic tubes
US2643646A (en) * 1948-08-18 1953-06-30 H B Smith Company Inc Push nipple
CH292513A (de) * 1950-07-03 1953-08-15 Ag L Von Roll Dichtungseinrichtung an Rohrverbindungen.
US3210102A (en) * 1964-07-22 1965-10-05 Joslin Alvin Earl Pipe coupling having a deformed inner lock
US3286341A (en) * 1965-05-26 1966-11-22 L C Miller Co Method of making a tubular joint

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190500813A (en) * 1905-01-16 1905-06-08 Arthur Whitlock Improvement in Heating Apparatus Boilers
US2180960A (en) * 1938-07-26 1939-11-21 Benjamin H Kennedy Nipple structure
US2409283A (en) * 1943-04-21 1946-10-15 James L Hudson Coupling for plastic tubes
US2643646A (en) * 1948-08-18 1953-06-30 H B Smith Company Inc Push nipple
CH292513A (de) * 1950-07-03 1953-08-15 Ag L Von Roll Dichtungseinrichtung an Rohrverbindungen.
US3210102A (en) * 1964-07-22 1965-10-05 Joslin Alvin Earl Pipe coupling having a deformed inner lock
US3286341A (en) * 1965-05-26 1966-11-22 L C Miller Co Method of making a tubular joint

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4088414A (en) * 1976-09-02 1978-05-09 Fallein Daryl L Coupling for joining sections of pipe and method for its use
US4260168A (en) * 1979-07-06 1981-04-07 Berg Lennart G Sealing ring
US4736967A (en) * 1986-12-04 1988-04-12 The Hydril Company Tubular pin configuration to prevent galling while ensuring sealing
US4817962A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-04-04 The Hydril Company Universal tubular connection having a variable metal-to-metal seal width corresponding to material yield strength
US20090174180A1 (en) * 2006-03-13 2009-07-09 Stephen Lackey Hose joint with adhesive
US9845903B2 (en) 2006-03-13 2017-12-19 Cooper-Standard Automotive Inc. Hose joint with adhesive
US20140318739A1 (en) * 2013-04-26 2014-10-30 Dejatech Holding B.V. Modular heat exchanger with sections interconnected by connectors
US10105801B2 (en) * 2013-04-26 2018-10-23 Dejatech Holding B.V. Modular heat exchanger with sections interconnected by connectors
US20150159791A1 (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-11 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Radially compressed straight tube seal assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6714974A (xx) 1968-05-10
FR93196E (fr) 1969-02-21
ES346310A2 (es) 1969-01-16
BE706267A (xx) 1968-05-09

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