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US3349276A - High-pressure mercury vapor halogen lamp having an electrode thermally insulated from lead-in conductor - Google Patents

High-pressure mercury vapor halogen lamp having an electrode thermally insulated from lead-in conductor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3349276A
US3349276A US490437A US49043765A US3349276A US 3349276 A US3349276 A US 3349276A US 490437 A US490437 A US 490437A US 49043765 A US49043765 A US 49043765A US 3349276 A US3349276 A US 3349276A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
coil
current supply
electrode
emitter body
supply wire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US490437A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jacobs Cornelis Adrian Joannes
Antonius Jozephus Ger Cornelis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3349276A publication Critical patent/US3349276A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0732—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode

Definitions

  • a high-pressure mercury vapor halide lamp employing an electrode having an outer part connected to a current supply wire and an emitter body positioned Within the outer part and heated by the discharge.
  • the emitter body is positioned within the outer part in poor heat transfer relationship to the outer part and fills at least half of the space within the outer part so that it retains the heat produced by the discharge and no halide layer which would increase ignition voltage is formed thereon.
  • the invention relates to 'a high-pressure vapor discharge lamp which contains mercury and a halogen.
  • the invention further relates to an electrode for such a lamp.
  • a high-pressure vapor discharge lamp is to be understood to mean a lamp in which, during operation, the discharge is contracted and the pressure does not exceed approximately 50 atm.
  • High-pressure vapor discharge lamps have been known for some time already. They are frequently used in those cases in which a very high luminous efficiency and a high eficiency of light conversion of the number of watts supplied to the lamp into useful lumens is desired.
  • the drawback of lamps of this type which contains mercury vapor only and sometimes a rare gas to facilitate the ignition, is that the color of the emitted radiation is not very suitable for a natural color reproduction. Means to improve these color reproductions are, for example, the use of luminescent layers and the use of filters. This latter means has the drawback that the luminous efiiciency is reduced.
  • the discharge space is filled with certain elements, for example, sodium, indium, thallium, tin or lithium, which add certain colors to the spectrum which is emitted by the lamp, in addition to the mercury vapor and the rare gas which is possibly present. Since the vapor pressure of the said elements at the commonly used temperatures in the discharge space usually is not sufficient, the elements are usually introduced into the discharge space as halides.
  • Lamps of the above type both with and without halogens comprise at least two electrodes which usually are heated only by the discharge itself. These electrodes are connected to a current supply wire, which is passed out of the discharge space, for example, through a so-called pinch.
  • the electrodes cool rather rapidly partly as a result of radiation and 3,349,276 Patented Get. 24, 1967 partly as a result of dissipation of heat through the current supply Wires and the pinch.
  • the result is that during the cooling period the electrodes assume a lower temperature than other parts of the lamp, for exa1nple, the wall of the discharge space.
  • the halides will recombine on the surface of the electrode; in consequence of this, the electrodes are coated with a layer of the halides.
  • Electrodes for this type of lamps contain an uncoated metal part, for example, tungsten, and a part which consists of emitting material arranged on a metal carrier, for example, tungsten.
  • a metal carrier for example, tungsten.
  • both the non-emitting and the emitting parts of the electrode is covered with a layer of halide.
  • the coating on the emitting part is very disturbing because, when the lamps are switched on again, the ignition voltage proves to be considerably higher than at the instant when the lamps were switched on for the first time.
  • a high-pressure mercury vapor halogen discharge lamp according to the invention is characterized in that in the discharge space there is at least one electrode which is connected to a current supply wire and is heated by the discharge itself.
  • This electrode comprises an outer metal part which is in electrical and heat-conducting relationship with the current supply wire and which envelopes a space which is substantially entirely open at least on the side remote from the current supply wire.
  • An emitter body is arranged within the outer metal part in such manner that it can deliver its heat to the current supply wire with difficulty and occupies at least half of the space inside the outer metal part.
  • the emitter body during the cooling period is not cooled as rapidly as the remaining part of the electrode. This is obtained partly because the emitter body can transmit its heat to the current supply wire with difficulty and partly because the emitter body occupies at least half of the space in the electrode. This latter requirement is just as necessary as the former, because otherwise the emitter body would have too low a thermal capacity and would still cool too rapidly by radiation.
  • a layer of halogen can be deposited on the nonemitting part of the electrode, it is true, but this has a far smaller influence on the increase of the ignition voltage than a deposit on the emitting part.
  • the emitter body may consist wholly of emitting material, for example, thorium oxide; however, it consists preferably of a carrier, for example, tungsten metal, with a layer of emitting material provided on it.
  • the thermal capacity of the emitter body is greatly increased by it. In fact, the quantity of emitter required for a satisfactory ignition is so smallthat the weight of the emitter would be too small to obtain a large thermal capacity.
  • the outer metal part may consist of a coiled wire, for example, of tungsten. Inside this coil the emitter body is arranged. This emitter body has a poor thermal conductingcontact with the outer coil; as a result of this the heat dissipation to the current supply wire connected to the outer coil is small.
  • the emitter body preferably consists also of a tungsten coil, the diameter of which must, of course, be smaller than that of the outer coil.
  • This inner coil is previously coated with emitting material or with the material from Which the emitting material can be formed, for example, by a thermal treatment. Both the outer and the inner coil can be closed or open which means that the windings of the coils engage each other or do not engage each other.
  • the space inside the outer coil is substantially entirely Open.
  • the outer coil preferably projects somewhat beyond the inner coil in the direction remote from the current supply wire.
  • the end of the outer coil at this side is preferably bent inwards somewhat after the inner coil has been arranged, as a result of which the inner coil is prevented from falling of the outer coil.
  • the outer coil may be secured to the current supply wire by welding.
  • the coil is preferably narrowed to such an extent that the last turns thereof exactly fit around the current suppyl wire.
  • An electrode according to another particularly favorable embodiment consists of an open coil the two ends of which are straight and lie substantially on the axis of the coil in a manner such that one end lies inside the coil and the other end projects beyond the coil. This end is connected to the current supply wire.
  • the emitter end is supported by the end which lies inside the coil.
  • the emitter body preferably consists of a coil coated with emitter. The heat dissipation of the emitter body of the current supply wire consequently covers the whole length of the outer coil. As a result of this, when the lamp is switched off, the emitter coil will remain warm longer than the outer coil and no halide layer can be formed on the emitter body.
  • FIGURE 1 diagrammatically shows a discharge lamp according to the invention
  • FIGURE 2 shows an embodiment of an electrode for a lamp of FIGURE 1
  • FIGURE 3 shows another advantageous embodiment of an electrode for a lamp of FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 1 the tubular gas discharge lamp which is manufactured from a readily heat resisting light-pervious material, for example, quartz glass, is denoted by 1.
  • the two ends of the tube 1 are formed into pinches 2 and 3 respectively.
  • the current supply wires 6 and 7 respectively are secured in these pinches in a vacuum-tight manner.
  • the cathodes 4 and respectively are secured to the current supply wires.
  • An ignition electrode is indicated by 8. Such an ignition electrode is frequently used to introduce the discharge. If required, the lamp may be arranged in an evacuated outer envelope.
  • FIGURE 2 which shows a cross-section through an electrode for a discharge lamp of FIGURE 1
  • the current supply wire is denoted by 10.
  • This current supply wire consists, for example, of tungsten.
  • a tungsten coil 11 is secured on the said current supply wire 10.
  • This coil encloses a space 12 in which the emitter body is arranged.
  • This emitter body consists of a tungsten coil 13 on which and in which an emitter 14 has previously been provided.
  • the space inside the coil 11 is substantially entirely occupied by the emitter body 1344.
  • the heat dissipation of this body to the current supply wire 10, must be effected entirely through the coil 11.
  • the loss of heat along this path is rather small since the heat-conducting relationship between the coils 13 and 11 is poor, in particular as a result of the intermediate emitter layer.
  • the mass of the emitter body 13-14 is comparatively large. As a result of this, the loss of heat by radiation will be smaller than if, for example, the space inside the coil were not filled to such an extent with the emitter body, as would he the case, for example, if a thin emitter layer were provided on the inside of the coil 11.
  • the heat dissipation through the coil 11 to the current sup ply wire 10 would also be rather small but the emitter would still cool too rapidly by radiation and as a result be coated with a halide layer.
  • the emitter body 13-14 is arranged in a space inside the coil 11 in a somewhat clamped manner. In order to prevent it from falling out, the uppermost turn 15 of the coil is bent inwardly as is shown in the figure.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a cross section of an embodiment of an electrode for a discharge lamp according to the invention in which the outermost part consists of an open coil 16.
  • One end of the said coil is formed into a straight portion 17 which substantially lies in the axis of the coil 16. This portion 17 is connected to the current supply wire 18.
  • the other end of the coil 16 is formed into a straight portion 19 which also lies substantially in the axis of the coil.
  • the emitter body which consists of a coil 20, for example, of tungsten, which is coated with emitter material 21, is arranged around the said straight portion 19. The heat dissipation of the emitter body 20-21 to the current supply wire 18, also is effected entirely along the coil 16.
  • the emitter body 20-21 after switching off the lamp, will remain warm longer than the coil 16. So it will be difficult for a halide deposit to form on the emitter body 20-21. In fact, the coil 16 is always colder than the emitter body. The mass of the emitter body 20-21 is so large than the heat of the emitter body 20-21 is not lost too rapidly by radiation.
  • a high-pressure mercury vapor halogen discharge lamp including a light-transmissible envelope enclosing a discharge space containing mercury and a halide, an electrode within said discharge space heated by a discharge and connected to a current supply wire, said electrode comprising an outer metal portion in electrical and heat conducting relationship with said current supply wire, said outer metal portion enclosing a space open on the side remote from the current supply wire,
  • an emitter body positioned within said outer metal portion in poor thermal transfer relationship to said current supply member and occupying at least half of said space enclosed by said outer metal portion whereby the formation of a halide layer on said emitter body is inhibited.
  • a high-pressure mercury vapor halogen discharge lamp as claimed in claim 4 in which the outer part of the electrode is a metal coil which is in poor heat-conducting relationship with the emitter body.
  • a high-pressure mercury vapor halogen discharge lamp as claimed in claim 5 in which the outer end of the electrode is an open metal coil, two ends of which are straight and lie substantially on the axis of the coil one end lying inside the coil and the other end projects beyond the coil and being connected to the current supply wire, and the emitter body being supported by the end which lies inside the coil.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US490437A 1964-09-30 1965-09-27 High-pressure mercury vapor halogen lamp having an electrode thermally insulated from lead-in conductor Expired - Lifetime US3349276A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6411355A NL6411355A (de) 1964-09-30 1964-09-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3349276A true US3349276A (en) 1967-10-24

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ID=19791129

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US490437A Expired - Lifetime US3349276A (en) 1964-09-30 1965-09-27 High-pressure mercury vapor halogen lamp having an electrode thermally insulated from lead-in conductor

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3349276A (de)
AT (1) AT261745B (de)
BE (1) BE670212A (de)
CH (1) CH437525A (de)
DE (1) DE1489445B1 (de)
FR (1) FR1448551A (de)
GB (1) GB1131234A (de)
NL (1) NL6411355A (de)
SE (1) SE324613B (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3488540A (en) * 1966-03-15 1970-01-06 Lampes Sa Electric discharge lamp containing metallic iodides including sodium iodide
US3530327A (en) * 1968-03-11 1970-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metal halide discharge lamps with rare-earth metal oxide used as electrode emission material
US3548242A (en) * 1967-05-16 1970-12-15 Sylvania Electric Prod High pressure electric discharge device and cathode
US3753028A (en) * 1970-05-22 1973-08-14 Lampes Sa Discharge lamp electrode
US3851207A (en) * 1972-08-01 1974-11-26 Gen Electric Stabilized high intensity sodium vapor lamp
DE3242840A1 (de) * 1982-04-20 1983-10-27 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München Hochdruckentladungslampe mit kleiner leistung
US4633136A (en) * 1982-04-20 1986-12-30 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh High-pressure discharge lamp with low power input
US4851735A (en) * 1986-12-01 1989-07-25 Patent-Treuhand Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen M.B.H Single-ended high-pressure discharge lamp with coil and mandrel electrode
DE19538283A1 (de) * 1995-10-16 1997-04-17 Holzer Walter Prof Dr H C Ing Kaltkathoden für Gasentladungslampen

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3240359A1 (de) * 1982-11-02 1984-05-03 W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau "elektrode fuer laseranregungslampen"
KR101206681B1 (ko) * 2011-07-13 2012-12-03 (주) 상일시스템 조명용 냉음극 형광 램프

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2177703A (en) * 1936-11-25 1939-10-31 Gen Electric Electric gaseous discharge device
US3029359A (en) * 1960-03-29 1962-04-10 Gen Electric Thermionic electrode for discharge lamps
GB943535A (en) * 1959-10-16 1963-12-04 Tesla Np Improvements in or relating to discharge lamps
US3170081A (en) * 1962-06-05 1965-02-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Discharge lamp electrode
US3195005A (en) * 1959-12-22 1965-07-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrode and component therefor

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE451865A (de) * 1942-08-13
DE837573C (de) * 1950-04-27 1952-04-28 Pintsch Electro G M B H Verfahren zur Herstellung von Entladungslampen, insbesondere Leuchtstoffroehren
FR1097331A (fr) * 1953-03-06 1955-07-04 Disposition d'électrodes pour récipients à décharge électrique ou analogues
DE1120016B (de) * 1964-07-08 1961-12-21 Elger 1 Alpenlaendisches Unter Nicht geheizte Elektrode, insbesondere fuer Niederspannungsleuchtstofflampen, sowie Lampe mit solchen Elektroden

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2177703A (en) * 1936-11-25 1939-10-31 Gen Electric Electric gaseous discharge device
GB943535A (en) * 1959-10-16 1963-12-04 Tesla Np Improvements in or relating to discharge lamps
US3195005A (en) * 1959-12-22 1965-07-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrode and component therefor
US3029359A (en) * 1960-03-29 1962-04-10 Gen Electric Thermionic electrode for discharge lamps
US3170081A (en) * 1962-06-05 1965-02-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Discharge lamp electrode

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3488540A (en) * 1966-03-15 1970-01-06 Lampes Sa Electric discharge lamp containing metallic iodides including sodium iodide
US3548242A (en) * 1967-05-16 1970-12-15 Sylvania Electric Prod High pressure electric discharge device and cathode
US3530327A (en) * 1968-03-11 1970-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metal halide discharge lamps with rare-earth metal oxide used as electrode emission material
US3753028A (en) * 1970-05-22 1973-08-14 Lampes Sa Discharge lamp electrode
US3851207A (en) * 1972-08-01 1974-11-26 Gen Electric Stabilized high intensity sodium vapor lamp
DE3242840A1 (de) * 1982-04-20 1983-10-27 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 8000 München Hochdruckentladungslampe mit kleiner leistung
US4633136A (en) * 1982-04-20 1986-12-30 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh High-pressure discharge lamp with low power input
US4851735A (en) * 1986-12-01 1989-07-25 Patent-Treuhand Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen M.B.H Single-ended high-pressure discharge lamp with coil and mandrel electrode
DE19538283A1 (de) * 1995-10-16 1997-04-17 Holzer Walter Prof Dr H C Ing Kaltkathoden für Gasentladungslampen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE670212A (de) 1966-03-28
DE1489445B1 (de) 1970-11-12
CH437525A (de) 1967-06-15
SE324613B (de) 1970-06-08
FR1448551A (fr) 1966-08-05
NL6411355A (de) 1966-03-31
AT261745B (de) 1968-05-10
GB1131234A (en) 1968-10-23

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