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US3315627A - Pneumatically operated floating dry dock - Google Patents

Pneumatically operated floating dry dock Download PDF

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Publication number
US3315627A
US3315627A US504538A US50453865A US3315627A US 3315627 A US3315627 A US 3315627A US 504538 A US504538 A US 504538A US 50453865 A US50453865 A US 50453865A US 3315627 A US3315627 A US 3315627A
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Prior art keywords
dock
water
bag
ballast
air
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US504538A
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English (en)
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Roberts Harold
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Priority to US504538A priority Critical patent/US3315627A/en
Priority to FR8094A priority patent/FR1499603A/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/32—Projection printing apparatus, e.g. enlarger, copying camera
    • G03B27/46—Projection printing apparatus, e.g. enlarger, copying camera for automatic sequential copying of different originals, e.g. enlargers, roll film printers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C1/00—Dry-docking of vessels or flying-boats
    • B63C1/02—Floating docks
    • B63C1/06—Arrangements of pumping or filling equipment for raising or lowering docks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2207/00—Buoyancy or ballast means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a floating dry dock and, more particularly, to a dry dock which may be submerged below the surface of the water by taking in water as ballast and then being refloated to the surface under a vessel which is to be serviced by means of displacing the 'water ballast with compressed air.
  • ballast containers of substantially rigid construction, and ballast control is usually achieved by directing compressed air at certain rates and pressures into the water compartments to expel the water ballast.
  • the rigid ballast compartments impose a substantial displacing volume which must be overcome by a certain fixed amount of ballast before the dock may be submerged and are of a relatively costly construction.
  • the compressor Since it is usually desirable to surface a dry dock as rapidly as is practicable, the compressor should have a capacity sufficient to evacuate the water ballast from all tanks within a relatively short time period.
  • the initial pressure against which the compressor must work therefore, dictates its maximum pressure capacity at whatever rate of cubic foot displacement is necessary for a particular application.
  • the size of compressor required, i.e. its power rating, is generally a function of the aforementioned maximum pressure capacity and the time period that such pressure must be delivered. Hence, the longer the time that a submerged dock remains on the bottom during ballast discharge, the larger must be its compressor.
  • a floating dock having at least one rigid ballast compartment and a pneumatically inflatable bag secured to the underside of the dock plat-form.
  • the inflatable bag When the dock is to be submerged, the inflatable bag is depressed to its flat deflated condition, and the rigid ballast compartment is opened to take in water.
  • the volumetric relationship of the entire dock structure to be submerged and'the volume of the ballast compartment is selected so the dock submerges when the compartment is filled with water.
  • the dock is refloated by first blowing the water from the ballast compartment by means of compressed air and then conveying air to the pneumatically inflatable bag from the ballast compartrnent by interconnecting pipes and valviug.
  • the rigid compartment and inflatable bag may be selected to provide positive buoyancy to the entire dock structure after equalization of pressure between the bag and ballast compartment, i.e. the volume of dock structure, ballast compartment and inflated bag is at least as great as the volume of water equal in weight to the entire dock structure.
  • a feature and an advantage of my invention is that once positive buoyancy is achieved by the equalization of pressure between the ballast compartment and the inflatable bag, the entire dock structure begins to ascend and 3,315,627 Patented Apr. 25, 1967 the flexible inflatable bag will continue to expand due to the decrease in surrounding hydrostatic pressure. Such continued expansion of the bag will accelerate the speed of ascent of the dock and continue to impart to it increased positive buoyancy, which is not possible using the wholly rigid tank designs of the prior art devices known to me.
  • the positive buoyancy of the dock structure once at the surface may be sufiicient to support the vessel to be serviced with associated equipment and personnel, even without additional compressed air delivery to the inflatable bag.
  • the inflatable 'bag may be positioned above the rigid ballast tank which also acts as a receiver for air to be transferred to the bag when the dock is to be surfaced.
  • the hydro static pressure.at the elevation of the bag is always less than at the tank and the pressure of compressed air that may be received by the tank to evacuate water from it.
  • positive buoyancy may be provided to the dock structure by transfer of air from the rigid ballast tank to the inflatable bag without the necessity of charging the rigid tank, now used as a receiver, to an even higher air pressure. Once positive buoyancy is imparted to the system, the higher elevation of the bag over the rigid tank accentuates the acceleration of the system to the surface.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a floating dry clock of the type described above and wherein the rigid ballast compartment is comprised of a series of rigid pipe segments in fluid communication with one another.
  • Another feature and an advantage of this invention is that a major portion of the compartments necessary to receive air and provide positive buoyancy for reflotation is provided in the form of a collapsible structure, i.e. the inflatable bag or bags.
  • a collapsible structure i.e. the inflatable bag or bags.
  • the inflatable bag or bags may be fabricated of rubber, polyethylene, or other suitable collapsible, relatively watertight material which may be easily handled and are relatively inexpensive.
  • a vessel may be positioned over the submerged dock While an air compressor expels at least a portion of the water from the rigid pipe segments. When complete reflotation is desired, any remaining water may be expolled from the rigid pipe segments in a relatively short ime.
  • the rigid pipe segments may be used as receiver tanks for the inflatable bag which has been in its deflated condition during submergence of the dock. Additional positive buoyancy may be imparted to the dock by transferring air from such receiver tanks to the inflatable bag wtihout further work on the part of the air compressor, and the dock caused to continue to rise with mcreasing buoyancy during the rise due to expansion of the bag. This may be achieved by further inflating the rubber bag which is then at a water depth which requires less pressure for further inflation, and during ascent the air already present in the pipe segments and inflatable bag may continue to expand.
  • the partial inflation of the inflatable bag, or bags, by the rigid pipe segments acting as a compressed air receiver for the bag distributes the compressor workload over a longer time period and at a lower average pressure than would normally be possible if the entire ballast system were of rigid pipe construction.
  • a relatively smaller compressor may be used in my invention to refloat a given dock and vessel load within a predetermined total time interval than would normally be the case using all rigid construction ballast tanks.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a floating dry dock of the type described above having rigid pipe segments in addition to those necessary for the water ballast.
  • additional pipe segments may he of the ballast type and provide an added degree of stability to the unit during all stages of operation. If such segments are of the ballast type, i.e. provided with means for taking in and discharging water ballast, they'may be used to maintain the dock in trim to prevent undue pitching or listing particularly during submergence and re dock in its elevated position during extended periods of vessel repair or maintenance without having to rely upon maintaining air in the rigid pipe segments or inflatable bag.
  • the-compressed air source and piping may'then be disconnected and used on other docks.
  • FIG. 1 show an isometric view of the dry dock embodying my invention with the top planking and structure, shown partly fragmented to reveal certain details thereunder; the associated conventional compressor assembly and piping generally are shown schematically.
  • FIG. 1 shows a dock at A in its floating condition with a vessel indicated at B supported thereon by several braces such as the one shown at C.
  • the platform portion of the dock indicated at D may be fabricated from a va- 7 riety of suitable materials using known construction techniques, and in the example shown a series of wooden planks 11 are joined together and supported between the bosoms of I beams 12.
  • Enclosed, hollow, longitudinal pipes 13a are secured under longitudinal edge 14:: of the platform on one side thereof and a similar series of pipes 131; are secured under opposite edge 14b.
  • couplings 16b may be of a simple sleeve type, and I have found it desirable to use ordinary rubber couplings which also give an added degree of flexibility in the longitudinal direction of the dock.
  • Such members may be fabricated from wood or the'like, and, together with curved straps 17a and l7b around portions of pipes 13 secured by means of conventional fasteners to the underside of crossbeams 12, secure the pipes to the underside of the dock platform structure.
  • underneath the pipes to members 20a and 20b, respectively, may be accomplished by means of long, continuous, lateral crossrods 18 which give additional lateral stiifness to the dock structure.
  • Ballast tanks 19a and,19b which may be of construction similar to pipes and 1317 respectively described above, are secured by means of straps 21a and 21b, respectively, onto the central underside portion of the dock platform structure symmetrically in respect to platform longitudinal centerline Q.
  • the details of connection to the platform and the means of coupling two or more such ballast tanks together may be similar in all respects to that described above in respect to pipes 13a and 13b, including the use of reinforcing members 200 and 20d.
  • ballast tanks 19a and 1% are air-filled, and tanks 13a and 13b may be partially or wholly airor water-filled to achieve desirable trim of the entire dock structure while supporting the vessel indicated at B.
  • the buoyancy imparted to the dock structure by means of air-filled tanks 19a and 19b, and sometimes at least portions of 13a and 13b, would generally be insuflicient to position and maintain the dock in its operable state as shown in the drawing.
  • additional positive buoyancy is provided by means of inflated rubber bags 22a and 22b positioned and secured between pipes 13a and 19a, and 13b and 1%, respectively.
  • Each of the inflatable bags is secured to the underside of the platform by means of flexible cables 23 passing through loops 24 and secured at their ends my means of eyes 26 fastened to the underside of crossbeams 12 so that the bags themselves are maintained in proper position under the dock when'either in the inflated condition, as shown in the drawing, or
  • the dock may be submerged as follows:
  • Ballast tanks19a and 19b are flooded with water by opening valves 27a and 27b in lines 28a and 28b respectively, fabricated of suitable stock material such as flexible polyethylene, rubber, or other suitable tubing. All valves referred to herein, such as the aforementioned ones, 27a and 27b, are accessible to the operator from the pier, dock or other convenient place of operation. All air and water lines referred to hereinafter are understood to be fabricated of similar suitable material and are long enought to service the dock in its submerged and floating position. Intake ends, 29a and 29b, of lines 2 8a'and'28b, V
  • the connection of straps 17a and 17b 7 The inflatable bags may be the purpose and controlled by known means not further described or shown. Upon opening each of valves 27a and 27b water is admitted through lines 28a and 28b in the direction of arrows 31a and 31b and hence into each of the ballast tanks, 19a and 19b. Air is discharged from the ballast tanks by conventional relief means known in the art and not shown nor described herein. At the same time, valves 32a and 32b are opened; the latter valves are connected in lines 33a and 33b, respectively, in fluid communication by conventional fittings to inflatable bags 22a and 22b, respectively.
  • Valves 34a and 34b located in lines 36a and 36b, respectively, which provide fluid communication from tank 19a to inflatable bag 22a, and from tank 1% to 22b, respectively, are turned to the off position to isolate the inflatable bags pneumatically from the ballast tanks. As the ballast tanks take in water, and the buoyancy of the floating platform is.reduced so that it sinks, air is forced from the inflated bags 22a and 22b to the atmosphere and the entire structure proceeds to submerge.
  • tanks 13a and 13b may be incorporated as apart of my invention either in a sealedoff condition without fluid communicating means of any type, or as trimmer tanks in the manner as exemplified in the drawing.
  • valves 37a and 37b shown in lines 38a and 38b in fluid communication with tanks 13a and 13b, respectively, are also opened with tips 380 and 38d also below the surface of the water so that ballast may be taken in the direction of arrows 52a and 52b by these tanks, as necessary, to submerge the dock and to control the rate of descent.
  • valves 37a and 37b of a conventional type suitable for regulating fluid flow in their respective lines, may be regulated to control the attitude of the dock as it sinks.
  • valves 39a and 39b in pneumatic lines 41a and 41b, are turned to the otf position to prevent water from going beyond the point of those valves for reasons that will be apparent hereinafter. Air discharge from tanks 13a and 13b during this period of operation is accomplished by conventional relief means known in the-art.
  • my invention includes this novel expediency of using flexible buoyancy assistance bags which provide for reducing the buoyancy of the dock as it is submerged and less buoyancy is desired.
  • the entire operation during submergence is greatly increased in efiiciency. More specifically, the expanded volume of the inflated bags required to float the dry dock is eliminated during submergence, when such buoyancy is not wanted, and the volume that such positive buoyancy tanks might have imposed upon the system is not present to require additional ballast during submergence.
  • the vessel may be moved away and the system is ready to accommodate another vessel.
  • the vessel to be serviced is maneuvered into position in the water over the dock. While this maneuvering is occurring, an air compressor such as the one indicated at 42 powered by motor 43 through appropriate linkage indicated at 44 is turned on to pressurize receiving tank 46. Valves 47a and 47b in pneumatic lines 48a and 48b, respectively, are opened to permit the flow of pressurized air in the direction of arrows 49a and 49b.
  • Lines 48a and 48b are in fluid communication with the capped ends of ballast tanks 19a and 19b, respectively, and the air admitted therethrough under pressure causes expulsion of the ballast water through lines 28a and 28b in the direction of arrows 51a and 51b through valves 27a and 27b, already opened during the submergence portion of the working cycle.
  • all of the ballast may be expelled from tanks 19a and 19b without affecting the overall buoyancy of the system, or nearly so. If under given operating conditions, complete blowing of ballast from tanks 19a and 19b should tend to cause the dock to rise too far, the compressor action may be halted until the remainder of the ascent is desired. In the majority of cases, however, ballast tanks 19a and 19b may be completely evacuated of ballast water while the vessel overhead is still being maneuvered into position, and additional air pressure may be imparted into the ballast tanks for further ascent as will be explained.
  • additional trim may .be achieved by either admitting water into tanks'13a and 13b or expelling water therefrom by opening valves 39a and/ or 39b and charging those tanks with compressed air thus expelling any water contained there- If ballast is desired in these tanks, it is merely necessary to take in water through lines 38a and 38b by opening valves 37a and 37b; in such instance, water flows into tanks 13a and 13b in the direction of arrows 52a and 52b,
  • lines 41a and 41b are used to bleed air after a certain amount of initial evacuation of ballast by compressor action at a relatively high pressure (which will tend to drop if the dock begins to ascend) but. at a nominal rate of displacement by the compressor, air may be transferred from the rigid ballast tanks to the flexible, inflatable bags without further work by the compressor itself. This causes the dock to rise away from the depth at which maximum compressor pressure is required, and a compressor with a relatively modest rating at the higher pressure may now continue at a higher rate of displacement but at a lower output pressure.
  • FIG. 1 merely exemplifies one form of my invention and serves to illustrate the modular nature of my novel device.
  • almost any length of dock may be accommodated by merely coupling additional structural sections and ballast pipes in the manner described in some detail at the outset of this specification.
  • the'inflatable rubber bags 22a and 22b are shown as a series of individual bags linked together at the connection indicated at 54. Although not shown it is understood that this coupling also provides conventional means for fluid communication between the bags 22b, and, although mostly hidden by the dock platfrom structure, the same applies to bags 22a shown in the drawing.
  • a pair of spuds or pipe guides 56a and 56b may be employed, each one slidably secured by means of guides 57a and 57b to each side of the dock.
  • the bottom of the spuds (-not shown) are suitably secured to the bottom.
  • Toward the top of each spud a series of holes 58 may be drilled.
  • pin 59 may be placed in the hole nearest the underside of guide 57b (and 57a on the other side although not shown) to hold the dock in the raised position.
  • Other suitable securing means may b used, and once the dock is thus secured all fluid lines may be closed so that the compressor unit and flexible lines may be disconnected for use elsewhere.
  • a submergible dock to lift and support a vessel out of water, said dock having a rigid hollow ballast oompartment secured to the underside thereof, first means to convey water into and out of said compartment, and second means in fluid communication with the atmosphere and said compartment to pump air into the compartment and expel water contained therein through said first means, the improvement comprising, in combination: an inflatable bag collapsible to a deflated condition; fastener means to secure said bag in the inflated and deflated condi- V floating; and means in fluid communication with the atmosphe re and said inflatable bag to pump air into said bag and expand the bag to its inflated condition, said inflated bag, ballast compartment and water displacing portions of said dock being selected to have a combined volume at least' as great as a volume of water having -a weight equal to said dock, including said rigid ballast compartment and bag,- and the vessel supported thereon; whereby said dock may be submerged and the inflatable bag deflated when water 7 is conveyed by said first means
  • a submergible floating dock to lift and support a vessel out of water comprising in combination; a platform; at least two segments of enclosed hollow pipe in spaced apart relationship to each other and secured to the underside of said platform; a pneumatically inflatable bag collapsible to a deflated condition when said dock is submerged below the surface of the water; means connected in fluid communication with said inflat-ablebag to convey air therefrom when said dock is being submerged and block air from being conveyed therefrom when the dock is being refloated and floating; means to secure said bag in the inflated and deflated condition on the underside of said platform; first means in fluid communication with the water in which said floating dock operates and said pipe segments to convey water into and out of the pipes, said dock being imparted with negative buoyancy when water is conveyed into and fills said pipe segments; a source of compressed air; means in fluid communication with said pipe segments and said source of compressed air to pump air into said pipe segments and expel the water contained therein through said first means; and means in fluid communication
  • a submergible floating dock to lift and support a vessel out.of the water comprising in combination: a platform; a plurality of parallel, enclosed, hollow pipes secured to the underside of said platform, one of said pipes located along a first lower edge of said'platform,
  • first and secondv pneumatically inflatable bags collapsible to a deflated condition; means to secure said bags in the inflated and deflated condition on opposite sides of saidplatform equidistant from the center of theplatform and immediately adjacent to the underside when the preselected pipes are filled with water; a source of compressed air; means in fluid communication with said preselected hollow pipes and said source of compressed air to convey air under pressure into the preselected hollow pipes and expel water contained therein through said first means; and means in fluid communication with said preselected hollow pipes and said inflatable bags to convey air from the preselected hollow pipes into the inflatable bags after the preselected hollow pipes are filled with air, the combined volume of said pneumatically inflatable bags in the inflated condition, the portions of said preselected pipe segments filled with air, and the water displacing portion of said dock platform when floating being at least as great as a volume
  • a submergible dock to lift and support a vessel out of water, said dock having at least two rigid ballast tanks secured to the underside thereof, first means to convey water into and out of said tanks, and second means in fluid communication with the atmosphere and said tanks to pump air into the tanks and expel water contained therein through said first means, the improvement comprising, in combination: an inflatable bag collapsible to a deflated condition; means to secure said bag in the inflated and deflated condition to the underside of said dock between said ballast tanks; means connected in fluid communication with said bag to expel air therefrom when said dock is being submerged and block air from being expelled when the dock is being refloated and floating; means in fluid communication with the atmosphere and said inflatable bag to pump air into said bag and expand the bag to its inflated condition, said inflated bag, ballast tanks, and water displacing portions of said dock being selected to have a combined volume at least as great as a volume of water having a weight equal to said dock, including said tanks and bag, and the vessel
  • a submergible floating dock to lift and support a vessel out of water comprising in combination: a platform; a rigid hollow ballast compartment secured to the underside of said platform; a pneumatically inflatable bag collapsible to a deflated condition when said dock is submerged below the surface of the water; means connected in fluid communication with said inflatable bag to convey air therefrom when said dock is being submerged and block air from being conveyed therefrom when the dock is being refloated and floating; means to secure said bag in the inflated and deflated condition on the underside of said platform; first means in fluid communication with the water in which said floating dock operates and said ballast compartment to convey water into and out of the compartment, said dock being imparted with negative buoyancy when water is conveyed into and fills said compartment; a source of compressed air; means in fluid communication with said compartment and said source of compressed air to pump air into the compartment and expel the water contained therein through said first means; and means in fluid communication with said compartment and said inflatable bag to convey air from the compartment into the
  • the method of submerging and refloating a dry dock operating on and in a body of Water comprising the steps of: pumping water into a first zone within said dock when floating and simultaneously evacuating the air from and decreasing the water displacing volume of a second zone of said dock, said dock being caused to occupy a volume less than a volume of water having a weight equal to said entire dock structure, whereby said dock submerges in said body of water; and pumping air into said first zone within said dock when submerged until the water is evacuated therefrom, and then transferring air from said first zone to said second zone to increase the water displacing volume of the second zone until said dock is caused to occupy a volume greater than a volume of water having a weight equal to said entire dock structure, whereby said dock becomes positively buoyant and begins to rise to the surface of said body of water, and said second zone continues to increase in water displacing volume and accelerates the rise of said dock to the surface of the body of water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
US504538A 1965-10-24 1965-10-24 Pneumatically operated floating dry dock Expired - Lifetime US3315627A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US504538A US3315627A (en) 1965-10-24 1965-10-24 Pneumatically operated floating dry dock
FR8094A FR1499603A (fr) 1965-10-24 1966-10-20 Convertisseur d'images

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4018179A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-04-19 National Hydro-Hoist Company Pontoon system for supporting watercraft on a body of water
JPS53152397U (fr) * 1977-05-09 1978-11-30
WO1988009284A1 (fr) * 1987-05-18 1988-12-01 Bruegger Oeystein Procede de production de constructions flottantes et d'elements flottants servant dans ces constructions
US5002000A (en) * 1990-01-09 1991-03-26 Rutter Henry A Automatic leveler for boat lifts
US6477968B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2002-11-12 Larry James Powell Combined dry dock and boat launching apparatus
US20180099728A1 (en) * 2016-10-06 2018-04-12 Fabrications Tjd Inc. Floating structure system for dock installation and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4018179A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-04-19 National Hydro-Hoist Company Pontoon system for supporting watercraft on a body of water
JPS53152397U (fr) * 1977-05-09 1978-11-30
WO1988009284A1 (fr) * 1987-05-18 1988-12-01 Bruegger Oeystein Procede de production de constructions flottantes et d'elements flottants servant dans ces constructions
US5002000A (en) * 1990-01-09 1991-03-26 Rutter Henry A Automatic leveler for boat lifts
US6477968B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2002-11-12 Larry James Powell Combined dry dock and boat launching apparatus
US20180099728A1 (en) * 2016-10-06 2018-04-12 Fabrications Tjd Inc. Floating structure system for dock installation and method

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Publication number Publication date
FR1499603A (fr) 1967-10-27

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