Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
  • D06M13/123—Polyaldehydes; Polyketones
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/17—Glyoxal and polyaldehyde treatment of textiles

Definitions

• This invention relates to the modification of fabrics containing cellulose fibres and other forms of cellulose fibres by reaction with dialdehydes.
• a process for modifying cellulose fibres comprises impregnating the fibres with a dialdehyde and a compound having 1 or 2 functional groups capable of converting a hemiacetal into an acetal, and subsequently drying and heating the fibres to a temperature above 100 C.
• dialdehydes react with cellulose to cross-link the cellulose molecules with the formation of two hemiacetal groups.
• the reaction is represented by the equation ROH OHORCHO HOB I OH OH where ROH is a cellulose molecule and 'OHC'RCH O the dialdehyde.
• Hemiacetal groups are easily hydrolysable under the conditions obtaining in domestic laundering, and this, we think, is the explanation of the irnpermanence of the modifications resulting from the simple reaction of dialdehydes and cellulose.
• the stability of the cross-links can be significantly improved by converting the hemiacetal groups to acetals and this can be achieved by reacting alcohols or aldehydes with the primary reaction product of a dialdehyde and cellulose.
• R OH is therefore a monohydric alcohol
• R COR is therefore an aliphatic ketone or aldehyde.
• dialdehyde and the compound capable of forming an acetal may be reacted simultaneously with the cellulose
• the reaction of the dialdehyde and cellulose does not
• the dialdehyde is preferably applied as an aqueous dispersion and the physical conditions of the application and any step of removing the excess dispersion from the cellulose should be governed so that the fibres retain from 4 percent to 10 percent, based on the weight of the dried fibres, of the dialdehyde.
• the aqueous dispersion should have a pH in the range 3 to 8, preferably 5 to 6, to avoid fully the disadvantages of degradation or discolouration of the cellulose due to the dispersion being too acid or too alkaline.
• a suitable catalyst is a metal salt which is soluble to the extent of at least 0.3 gram mole per litre in water at 20 C. at pH 5 and is Zinc sulphate or a salt of a Group 11 metal with a monobasic acid which should be Specific salts wihch may be employed as catalysts for the purpose of the present invention include the following:
• Magnesium chloride, bromide or iodide Magnesium nitrate or perchlorate Calcium chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or perchlorate Strontium chloride Barium chloride Cadmium chloride Zinc chloride, nitrate or sulphate Magnesium benzene sulphonate.
• the preferred conditions of retained reactant, pI-I range and catalyst imposed on the first and second stages of the two stage process should be simultaneously imposed in the one stage process.
• the process may be applied to textile fabrics containing cellulose fibres; they may be woven or knitted fabrics or the so-ealled non-woven fabrics.
• the fabrics may consist wholly of cellulose fibres or in part of those fibres and in part of other fibres, but in the latter case it is preferred that the cellulose fibre content should not be less than 35 percent by weight.
• the process may also be applied to loose fibres.
• the cellulose fibres may be natural fibres such as cotton, sisal, flax, hemp, jute or ramie, or regenerated cellulose artificial fibres, for example those made by the viscose, cuprammonium, or nitrate process, or by the saponi-fication of fibres of cellulose esters, for example cellulose acetate.
• the regenerated cellulose fibres may be in the form of staple fibres or continuous filaments and these may be in the form of yarns or of tows i.e. relatively large substantially untwisted bundles of continuous filaments. Regenerated cellulose filaments may be such as have never been dried.
• the dialdehyde is preferably glyoxal but glutaraldehyde, succinaldehyde' and hydroxy-adipaldehyde are other examples of useful compounds.
• technical grades of glyoxal solutions discoloured and weakened the cellulose fibres to which they were applied.
• purer glyoxal solutions i.e. solutions containing less than 5 percent of impurities, do not give rise to these colour-forming reactions to the same extent and their use is preferred in this process. It so happens that the technical grades contain oxidants and aldehydic impurities, but we are unable to attribute the colour-forming reaction to any specific impurity.
• the acetal-forming compound is preferably an aldehyde, hyde, for example, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde or acrolein.
• aldehyde is particularly useful because of its cheapness, availability and efficient reactivity in this invention.
• the acetal-forming compound may be an alcohol or glycol, but these substances are less reactive than the aldehydes and, therefore more severe and stringent process conditions may be necessary to obtain the same modification.
• the acetal-forming compound is preferably an aldeheat to the dried fibres.
• the impregnated fibres should be dried and heated above 100 C; The steps of drying and heating can be separated, for example by allowing the fibres to dry below 100 C. and subsequently heating the fibres. Otherwise, the fibres may be dried and heated in a continuous process in which the steps are merged. Thus the fibres may be heated by contact with a heated fluid or solid surface, for a time long enough to dry the fibres and complete the reaction. Temperatures of from 140 C. to 180 C. are preferred for completing the reaction.
• a major benefit of the use of the metal salt catalysts during the heat-treatment of the fibres, is that the tendency to discolouration of the fibres, resulting from the use of an impregnating solution having a pH at the upper end of the preferred range, say about 8, is reduced or eliminated completely.
• Magnesium chloride is very efiicient in this respect.
• the fibres take up from 4 percent to 10 percent by weight (based on the weight of the dry fibres) of the dialdehydes. This can be controlled by the concentration of the dialdehyde in the applied dispersion and the amount of liquid which the impregnated fibres are allowed to retain. For example, to impregnate fibres with 4 percent of the dialdehyde, the fibres can be immersed for a short period in a solution containing 4 percent of dialdehyde and then mangled or centrifuged so that the fibres contain an equal weight of liquid.
• dialdehydes are substantive to cellulose to such a degree that dilute solutions containing say 2 percent of dialdehyde and retained by the centrifuged fibres in a weight equal to that of the dry fibres, have caused a 4 percent pick up of dialdehyde.
• this result is only achieved by prolonging the contact of fibres and impregnating solution and is similar in this respect to certain dyeing processes in which dye-bath exhaustion is achieved slowly.
• the amount of acetal-forming compound taken up by the cellulose may be controlled by the same methods employed to regulate the take-up of the dialdehyde.
• the ratio of reactants taken up by the cellulose is, in general, similar to the ratio existing in the impregnating solution.
• the fabric was an all-filament viscose rayon construction having the following properties:
• the recently dried fabric was then padded once again in a bath containing an aqueous solution of the acetal-forming compound and a catalyst, at the same rate as for the first padding.
• the padding bath was controlled at a temperature of C. and a pH characteristic of the example. Allowed toretain only 85 percent by weight of the second padding solution, the fabric was once more dried to width on a stenter before being cured at 160 C. for 5 minutes. An interval of 10 minutes was allowed before the fabric was scoured with a 2 percent soap solution at 60 C., rinsed and dried to width at 80 C.
• Examples 2, 4 and 5 to 8 employed a single padding bath, the fabrics being treated thereafter in the same way as the twice padded fabric of Example 1.
• Example 1 The process of Example 1 was reduced to a one-stage padding operation by adding 5 percent formaldehyde and 5 percent magnesium chloride hexahydrate to the glyoxal bath. The pH was adjusted to 6.
• Example 3 The glyoxal bath of Example 1 was replaced by a liquor containing an equivalent amount of a technical grade of glyoxal supplied as a 30 percent solution.
• the second padding solution was that used in Example 1.
• Example 4 The process was that of Example 2, except that a technical grade of the padding solution was adjusted to 6 from 1.5, with NaOH.
• Example 5 As for Example 2, but omitting the formaldehyde and MgC1 6H O from the padding solution.
• Example 6 As for Example 4, but omitting the formaldehyde and MgCl 6H O from the padding solution.
• Example 7 As for Example 4, but omitting the formaldehyde.
• Example 8 I As for Example 1, but both padding solutions comprismg water at pH 6 and no reactants.
• Examples 1 to 4 demonstrate the utility of the invention. Examples 5 to 7, none of which accord with the invention, are included to show the disadvantages of omitting the acetal-forming compound from the process.
• Example 8 gives the properties of the fabric, which has been through the wet treatments and heat treatments of Example l, but in the absence of reactants.
• the crease-recovery properties of the Wet fabrics are also much improved. It is a feature of the treated fabrics of Examples 1 to 4 that they have a resilient nature. Not only do they recover well from creasing, but they do this very rapidly. A treated fabric sample, crushed in the hand, springs to a more open configuration when the hand is opened, quite unlike the sluggish response of the untreated fabric to this test. The poorer fabric strengths resulting from the processes of Examples 3 and 4 are directly attributable to the technical grade of glyoxal used in these processes. The low-water imbibitions of fabrics issuing from Examples 1 to 4 are noteworthy also as helping the easy-care characteristics of the fabrics.
• Examples 3 and 4 were discoloured and the discolouration was permanent throughout the washing tests
• Examples 6 and 7 were discoloured before scouring, but the colour diminished during the scouring and the machine washing test and almost disappeared in the cotton wash sample-s.
• a process for the manufacture of cross-linked cellulose fibres comprising impregnating the cellulose fibres with an aqueous solution of glyoxal at a pH of from about 3 to about 8 and cross-linking the cellulose fibres by dry curing the impregnated fibres at a high temperature, and further impregnating said cross-linked fibers with an aqueous solution of formaldehyde at a pH of from about 3 to about 8 in the presence of a catalyst which is an inorganicmetal salt soluble to the extent of at least about 0.3 gram mole per liter in water 'at about 20 C.
• both the aqueous impregnating solution of glyoxal and the aqueous formaldehyde solution have a pH of from about 5 to about 6.
• a process for the manufacture of cross-linked cellulose fibres comprising impregnating and reacting cellulose fibres with an aqueous solution containing glyoxal and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of at least 1 mole of formaldehyde to each mole of glyoxal, and magnesium chloride 'as a catalyst, the solution having a pH in the range of 3 to 8, drying/the fibres, and dry curing the fibres at a temperature in the range from about 140 C. to about 180 C.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (7)

Citations (3)

• 0
  • BE BE630342D patent/BE630342A/xx unknown
  • NL NL290869D patent/NL290869A/xx unknown
• 1962
  • 1962-03-30 GB GB12236/62A patent/GB1032881A/en not_active Expired
• 1963
  • 1963-03-05 US US263072A patent/US3312521A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1963-03-29 AT AT255863A patent/AT248997B/de active

Patent Citations (3)

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