[go: up one dir, main page]

US3303401A - Method and apparatus for imparting an electrostatic charge to a layer of insulating material - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for imparting an electrostatic charge to a layer of insulating material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3303401A
US3303401A US295765A US29576563A US3303401A US 3303401 A US3303401 A US 3303401A US 295765 A US295765 A US 295765A US 29576563 A US29576563 A US 29576563A US 3303401 A US3303401 A US 3303401A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
electrode
discharge electrode
charged
discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US295765A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Naumann Gerhard
Endermann Fritz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Azoplate Corp
Original Assignee
Azoplate Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Azoplate Corp filed Critical Azoplate Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3303401A publication Critical patent/US3303401A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
    • G21C3/36—Assemblies of plate-shaped fuel elements or coaxial tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
    • G03G15/0291—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices corona discharge devices, e.g. wires, pointed electrodes, means for cleaning the corona discharge device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
    • H01T19/04—Devices providing for corona discharge having pointed electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
    • H05F3/00—Carrying-off electrostatic charges
    • H05F3/04—Carrying-off electrostatic charges by means of spark gaps or other discharge devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/02—Arrangements for laying down a uniform charge
    • G03G2215/026—Arrangements for laying down a uniform charge by coronas
    • G03G2215/028—Arrangements for laying down a uniform charge by coronas using pointed electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for imparting an electrostatic charge to a layer of photoconductive or other insulating material.
  • a single discharge wire is surrounded by a screen, having an opening facing the area to be charged and electrically connected to the support, which is generally grounded, for the insulating layer to be charged.
  • the screen captures the greater part of the current of ions from the discharge wire and so enables the charging apparatus to be used at relatively high voltages. Accordingly, emission no longer takes place only from individual points of the wire, as it does without the screen, but is fairly uniformly distributed over the surface of the wire. In this case also, the effectiveness of the current decreases with increasing effectiveness of the screen and the rate of charging is also low.
  • a further disadvantage which is common to all fine discharge wires extending parallel to the layer being charged is a high susceptibility to mechanical trouble, which increases with the length of the discharge as these, when long, tend to vibrate with a considerable amplitude, so that their life is considerably reduced both as the result of mechanical strain and as the result of the spark discharge to which they are susceptible.
  • the invention provid'es ainetho'd for elctrostatically charging a photdcdnducfive or other insulating layer which cdinprises exposing the layer to the discharge between a discharge electrode connected to one pole of a direct'current' source and xtnding in a direction approximately perpendicular to the surface of the layer to be charged, and a counter-electrode situated on the other side of the layer and connected to the other pole of the source, an auxiliary electrode spaced laterally from the discharge electrode and extending in a direc tion approximately perpendicular to the surface to be charged being also connected to the other pole of the source.
  • the invention also includes apparatus for electrostatically charging a photoconductive or other insulating layer and includes a discharge electrode which extends in a direction approximately perpendicular to the path traversed by the layer through the charging apparatus, a counter-electrode situated on the other side of the path, an auxiliary electrode adjacent to and spaced laterally from the discharge electrode and also extending in a direction approximately perpendicular to the surface to be charged, a source of DC. voltage and means for connecting one pole of the source to the discharge electrode and the other pole to the counter-electrode and to the auxiliary electrode or electrodes.
  • the invention permits of uniform charging of an insulating layer with any voltage of interest for practical purposes notwithstanding the fact that the layer is traversed at high speed and with a single pass through the charging apparatus.
  • the apparatus is sturdy and safe in operation, easy to handle and gives reproducible results. Unlike apparatus in which the discharge electrode is constituted by thin wires extending parallel to the layer being charged and which tend to vibrate resulting in irregular spacing from the surface being charged, it allows the charging of layers of considerable width.
  • the slight extent of the spray area of the discharge electrode in the moving direction of the material to be charged has the advantage of enabling even very flexible or corrugated layers to be charged, because the charging current need not act simultaneously across distances which dilfer widely.
  • the apparatus has the further advantage that it requires a single source of voltage, as opposed to the two or more sources of voltage required for apparatus using grids as auxiliary electrodes.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of the basic principle of the invention
  • FiGURE 2 is a schematic view in front elevation of an apparatus utilizing the principle represented in FIGURE 1,
  • FIGURE 3 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is a schematic representation of still another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the layer 4 to be charged has a grounded counter-electrode 3 mounted beneath it and mounted above it is the discharge electrode 1 having the auxiliary electrodes 2 and 2a positioned at either side thereof.
  • FIGURE 2 a number of pointed discharge electrodes 1 are spaced across the width of the layer 3 and are connected by a metal bus bar 5.
  • the auxiliary electrode 2a, shown in FIGURE 1, is omitted but the other auxiliary electrode is indicated at 2.
  • FIGURE 3 the material 4 to be charged 'is fed by the feed rolls 7 and 7a over a roll 6, the latter constituting the counter-electrode, to the transpbrt rolls 7b and 7c.
  • the discharge electrode 1 and the auxiliary electrodes 2 are shown in the same relative positions as in FIGURE 1.
  • the two auxiliary electrodes are constituted by the rolls 8 and 9 which also act in conjunction with the rolls 8a and 9a as feed and transport rolls, respectively.
  • This embodiment of the apparatus includes a counter-electrode in the form of the roll 6 and the discharge electrode 1.
  • a fundamental requirement of the discharge electrode is that it should extend approximately perpendicularly towards the surface to be charged.
  • the end of the discharge electrode facing the surface to :be charged is pointed or has a knife edge.
  • the discharge electrode can, for example, be in the form of a needle or wire or it may be triangular or conical. Particularly good results are obtained when the discharge electrode comprises a number of such needles disposed side by side in a line extending transversely to the path traversed by the material through the apparatus and connected together and to a voltage source at the ends remote from the material to be charged.
  • the member connecting the individual needles may be a metal rod, a metal strip, or a plastic member having a conductive core.
  • the discharge electrode may also, however, be constituted by a strip having a knife edge facing the material to be charged.
  • the thickness of the strip is not important.
  • the mechanical stability of such a strip is, of course, greater than that of a series of needles but it is nevertheless advantageous to support the strip in a mechanically stable mounting.
  • the discharge electrode may also comprise a series of needles and knife-edged strips disposed side by side and alternating either regularly or irregularly.
  • the discharge electrode must, as noted above, extend in a direction approximately perpendicular to the material to be charged; Its length, measured in this direc-' tion, is not important and may vary from a fraction of a millimeter to 50 mm. and is preferably between 2 and 30 mm. In practice, a length of 20 to 25 mm. has proved satisfactory.
  • the discharge electrode is constituted by spaced needles, the distance between them can vary Within limits. It is. preferred that this distance, which is shown in FIGURE 2 as d bears the specific relationship noted below to the spacing of the auxiliary electrodes from the discharge electrode, shown as d in FIGURE 1, and the distance between the'extremity of the discharge electrode and the surface of the material to be charged, shown as d;, in FIGURE 1.
  • the discharge electrode must be made of a material of high electrical conductivity, and exemplary are stainless steel, bronze and brass.
  • the auxiliary electrodes also extend in a direction approximately perpendicular to the material to be charged and they may have, as in FIGURE 2, an elongated fiat configuration, being made of ribbon or strip material.
  • the thickness of the strip is not important. It may be one or more millimeters.
  • the length of the auxiliary electrodes, measured in a direction perpendicular to the material to be charged, should be 10 mm. or more.
  • the length of the auxiliary electrode transverse to the direction of advance of the material to be charged should be about the same as the length of the discharge electrode measured in the same direction.
  • the auxiliary electrodes may be made of the same electrically conducting material as. the discharge electrode, or may be made of an insulating material having a conductive coating.
  • the spacing of the auxiliary electrodes from the material to be charged may be the same as, but is preferably less than, that of the discharge electrode.
  • Either one or two auxiliary electrodes may be used.
  • the auxiliary electrodes are constituted by rolls which also act to feed the material to be charged, the surface line of such a cylindrical auxiliary electrode which is nearest to the discharge electrode should be spaced from the material by approximately the same distance as the discharge electrode.
  • auxiliary electrodes In all cases, no part of the auxiliary electrodes extends into the discharge space between the material being charged and the facing end of the discharge electrode.
  • the counter-electrode may be a plate or roll and more than one counter-electrode may be employed if desired.
  • the potential required for charging is derived from a DC. voltage source 10, one pole of which is connected to the discharge electrode and the other of which is connected to the auxiliary electrodes and to the counterelectrodes. This other pole is normally grounded.
  • the voltage utilized depends upon the level of charge to be imparted to the insulating layer, upon the configuration of the discharge electrode, and its spacing from the layer and from the auxiliary electrodes.
  • a high current density is generally desirable and this, of course, requires a high voltage.
  • the distances d d and d are important in the achievement of uniformity and a high rate of charging.
  • d should be greater than d and (1 should be greater than d
  • the distances d d and d are preferably in the ratios of 3:2:1 and, while these ratios may be varied, d and d should never be so small as to permit sparking.
  • the invention can be applied to the charging of insulating layers in general, such as plastic foils of thermosetting or thermoplastic materials, e.g., polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and polyester foils.
  • insulating layers in general, such as plastic foils of thermosetting or thermoplastic materials, e.g., polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and polyester foils.
  • the invention can be used with particular advantage for the charging of photoconductive insulating layers; these may contain organic or inorganic photoconductors with or without binders, additives and activators, and may be carried on supports of paper or metal, e.g., aluminum foil.
  • the insulating layer may be sprayed from both sides independently with charges of opposite polarity.
  • the counter-electrode is constituted by another discharge electrode connectedto the opposite pole of the voltage source.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the intensity of the charging current, and therefore the level of charge, can be varied within wide limits. This is of importance because the levels of charge required vary with the thickness of the insulating layer. This variation can be effected in three ways: (1) by altering the spacing between the discharge electrode and the surface of the layer, since the current strength decreases with increase in spacing; (2) by varying the speed of traverse of the insulating layer, since the level of charge acquired by a flat insulatinglayer is inversely proportional to its speed of traverse, and (3) variation of the voltage.
  • the apparatus according to the invention permits of operation with a voltage which only just exceeds that necessary for a discharge current to flow as well as with i a considerably higher voltage. Variation of the conditions in these ways does not detrimentally affect the uniformity of charging.
  • the discharge electrode extends perpendicular to the layer being charged, it is not subject to objectionable vibration, which arises only in the case of thin electrodes extending parallel to the layer being charged.
  • An apparatus for electrostatically charging a photoconductive layer comprising at least one discharge electrode formed by a plurality of electrically connected spaced needles mounted substantially perpendicularly to and extending across a path traversed by the layer, at least one auxiliary electrode adjacent to and spaced laterally from the discharge electrode, at least one counterelectrode positioned on the other side of the path, the distance between the discharge electrode and the path being greater than the distance between the discharge electrode and the auxiliary electrode and the latter distance being greater than the distance between adjacent needles, means connecting the discharge electrode with one pole of a source of DC. voltage, and means connecting the other pole of the source to the auxiliary electrode and the counter-electrode.
  • auxiliary electrode is mounted substantially perpendicularly to the path traversed by the layer.
  • auxiliary electrode comprises a strip extending across the path traversed by the layer and having an edge facing the path.
  • auxiliary electrodes are rotatable rolls and feed rolls coacting therewith are mounted on the opposite side of the pat-h.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
US295765A 1962-07-20 1963-07-17 Method and apparatus for imparting an electrostatic charge to a layer of insulating material Expired - Lifetime US3303401A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEK0047280 1962-07-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3303401A true US3303401A (en) 1967-02-07

Family

ID=7224505

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US295765A Expired - Lifetime US3303401A (en) 1962-07-20 1963-07-17 Method and apparatus for imparting an electrostatic charge to a layer of insulating material

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3303401A (xx)
AT (1) AT245370B (xx)
CH (1) CH414349A (xx)
FR (1) FR1363083A (xx)
GB (1) GB1032196A (xx)
LU (1) LU44076A1 (xx)
NL (2) NL144742B (xx)
SE (1) SE306670B (xx)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581149A (en) * 1967-07-14 1971-05-25 Canon Camera Co Corona discharging device for electrophotographic process
US3632201A (en) * 1970-01-23 1972-01-04 Addressograph Multigraph Graphic recorder
US3689767A (en) * 1969-12-04 1972-09-05 Xerox Corp Method and apparatus for uniformly charging the surface of an insulating member
US3729649A (en) * 1972-05-25 1973-04-24 Eastman Kodak Co Corona charging apparatus
US3743830A (en) * 1969-11-26 1973-07-03 Xerox Corp Device for uniformly charging a non-planar electrophotographic plate
US3885301A (en) * 1971-04-08 1975-05-27 Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd Pyroelectric element of polymer film
US3916269A (en) * 1973-02-09 1975-10-28 Turlabor Ag Charging device
US3944355A (en) * 1973-04-09 1976-03-16 Research Laboratories Of Australia Apparatus for transporting and charging paper in electrostatic copiers and the like
US3967119A (en) * 1970-12-30 1976-06-29 Rank Xerox Ltd. Corona charging device
US4047238A (en) * 1975-06-13 1977-09-06 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and process for electrostatically charging a recording material
FR2400225A1 (fr) * 1977-08-09 1979-03-09 Ricoh Kk Appareil d'impression electrostatique
US4174170A (en) * 1976-12-16 1979-11-13 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Conductive toner transfer photocopying machine
US4227233A (en) * 1976-10-01 1980-10-07 Olympus Optical Company Limited Corona discharge device for electrographic apparatus
US4273635A (en) * 1978-05-30 1981-06-16 Institut Textile De France Process and apparatus for the treatment of fibrous webs
EP0060593A1 (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-22 Océ-Nederland B.V. Corona device
US4619513A (en) * 1983-03-18 1986-10-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic system
EP0274895A1 (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-07-20 Xerox Corporation Corona charging device
EP0319935A2 (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-14 Moore Business Forms, Inc. Conditioning apparatus for non-impact, direct charge electrographic printer belt
EP0400723A1 (en) * 1989-05-31 1990-12-05 Océ-Nederland B.V. Corona device
DE102004041374A1 (de) * 2004-08-25 2006-03-02 Staedtler + Uhl Kg Nadelstreifenanordnung

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7907492A (nl) * 1979-10-10 1981-04-14 Oce Nederland Bv Corona-inrichting.
ATE217737T1 (de) * 1998-06-17 2002-06-15 Arcotec Gmbh Corona-station zur vorbehandlung von einer materialbahn

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2641025A (en) * 1947-10-29 1953-06-09 Jr John C Busby Apparatus and method for drafting fibers
US2692948A (en) * 1948-12-29 1954-10-26 Kurt S Lion Radiation responsive circuits
AT205557B (de) * 1957-07-11 1959-10-10 Philips Nv Schaltungsanordnung zum Abtrennen von Störsignalen
US2922883A (en) * 1955-03-03 1960-01-26 Rca Corp Electrostatic charging means and method
US2935418A (en) * 1953-06-03 1960-05-03 Olin Mathieson Method for treating preformed polyethylene with an electrical glow discharge
DE1082400B (de) * 1957-01-02 1960-05-25 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Benetzungsfaehigkeit bzw. Haftfaehigkeit fuer Tinten und Farbstoffe von Kunststoffoberflaechen
US3147415A (en) * 1959-09-09 1964-09-01 Australia Res Lab Charging surfaces for xerography
US3196765A (en) * 1963-06-24 1965-07-27 Image development and projection
US3233156A (en) * 1961-06-07 1966-02-01 Eastman Kodak Co Electrostatic charging methods and apparatus

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2641025A (en) * 1947-10-29 1953-06-09 Jr John C Busby Apparatus and method for drafting fibers
US2692948A (en) * 1948-12-29 1954-10-26 Kurt S Lion Radiation responsive circuits
US2935418A (en) * 1953-06-03 1960-05-03 Olin Mathieson Method for treating preformed polyethylene with an electrical glow discharge
US2922883A (en) * 1955-03-03 1960-01-26 Rca Corp Electrostatic charging means and method
DE1082400B (de) * 1957-01-02 1960-05-25 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Benetzungsfaehigkeit bzw. Haftfaehigkeit fuer Tinten und Farbstoffe von Kunststoffoberflaechen
AT205557B (de) * 1957-07-11 1959-10-10 Philips Nv Schaltungsanordnung zum Abtrennen von Störsignalen
US3147415A (en) * 1959-09-09 1964-09-01 Australia Res Lab Charging surfaces for xerography
US3233156A (en) * 1961-06-07 1966-02-01 Eastman Kodak Co Electrostatic charging methods and apparatus
US3196765A (en) * 1963-06-24 1965-07-27 Image development and projection

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581149A (en) * 1967-07-14 1971-05-25 Canon Camera Co Corona discharging device for electrophotographic process
US3743830A (en) * 1969-11-26 1973-07-03 Xerox Corp Device for uniformly charging a non-planar electrophotographic plate
US3689767A (en) * 1969-12-04 1972-09-05 Xerox Corp Method and apparatus for uniformly charging the surface of an insulating member
US3632201A (en) * 1970-01-23 1972-01-04 Addressograph Multigraph Graphic recorder
US3967119A (en) * 1970-12-30 1976-06-29 Rank Xerox Ltd. Corona charging device
US3885301A (en) * 1971-04-08 1975-05-27 Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd Pyroelectric element of polymer film
US3729649A (en) * 1972-05-25 1973-04-24 Eastman Kodak Co Corona charging apparatus
US3916269A (en) * 1973-02-09 1975-10-28 Turlabor Ag Charging device
US3944355A (en) * 1973-04-09 1976-03-16 Research Laboratories Of Australia Apparatus for transporting and charging paper in electrostatic copiers and the like
US4047238A (en) * 1975-06-13 1977-09-06 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus and process for electrostatically charging a recording material
US4227233A (en) * 1976-10-01 1980-10-07 Olympus Optical Company Limited Corona discharge device for electrographic apparatus
US4174170A (en) * 1976-12-16 1979-11-13 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Conductive toner transfer photocopying machine
FR2400225A1 (fr) * 1977-08-09 1979-03-09 Ricoh Kk Appareil d'impression electrostatique
US4273635A (en) * 1978-05-30 1981-06-16 Institut Textile De France Process and apparatus for the treatment of fibrous webs
EP0060593A1 (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-09-22 Océ-Nederland B.V. Corona device
US4619513A (en) * 1983-03-18 1986-10-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic system
EP0274895A1 (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-07-20 Xerox Corporation Corona charging device
EP0319935A2 (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-14 Moore Business Forms, Inc. Conditioning apparatus for non-impact, direct charge electrographic printer belt
EP0319935A3 (en) * 1987-12-11 1990-08-08 Moore Business Forms, Inc. Conditioning apparatus for non-impact, direct charge electrographic printer belt
EP0400723A1 (en) * 1989-05-31 1990-12-05 Océ-Nederland B.V. Corona device
DE102004041374A1 (de) * 2004-08-25 2006-03-02 Staedtler + Uhl Kg Nadelstreifenanordnung
DE102004041374B4 (de) * 2004-08-25 2014-05-15 Staedtler + Uhl Kg Nadelstreifenanordnung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU44076A1 (xx) 1963-09-17
SE306670B (xx) 1968-12-02
GB1032196A (en) 1966-06-08
NL144742B (nl) 1975-01-15
AT245370B (de) 1966-02-25
FR1363083A (fr) 1964-06-05
NL294832A (xx)
CH414349A (de) 1966-05-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3303401A (en) Method and apparatus for imparting an electrostatic charge to a layer of insulating material
US2922883A (en) Electrostatic charging means and method
US3578970A (en) Variable width corona discharge apparatus with means to shield or vary a predetermined length of a corona discharge wire
US2879395A (en) Charging device
US2777957A (en) Corona discharge device
US4298440A (en) Method and apparatus for the corona discharge treatment of webs, and webs treated therewith
US4363070A (en) Neutralization of electrostatic charges
US2333213A (en) Static eliminator
US2868989A (en) Electrostatic charging method and device
US3396308A (en) Web treating device
US3390266A (en) Apparatus for charging the surface of photoelectric layers using corona discharge
GB1013923A (en) Xerographic member charging method and apparatus
US4963738A (en) Flat comb-like scorotron charging device
US3790854A (en) Apparatus for removing static charge from webs of material
US3744898A (en) Corona discharge apparatus
US3611074A (en) Corona discharge device
US3739246A (en) Process and apparatus for increasing the charge density of insulators
US3554161A (en) Developing apparatus
US2863063A (en) Charging of photo-conductive insulating material
US3075078A (en) Corona device
US4763141A (en) Printing apparatus with improved ion focus
US3921037A (en) Moving web energized static eliminator and method
US3778690A (en) Electrostatic copying machine
US4383752A (en) Continuous-duty brush polarizer
US3656021A (en) Corona discharge device