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US3298457A - Acoustical barrier treatment - Google Patents

Acoustical barrier treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
US3298457A
US3298457A US419654A US41965464A US3298457A US 3298457 A US3298457 A US 3298457A US 419654 A US419654 A US 419654A US 41965464 A US41965464 A US 41965464A US 3298457 A US3298457 A US 3298457A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
damping
base member
elasticity
inertial
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Expired - Lifetime
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US419654A
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Glenn E Warnaka
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Lord Corp
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Lord Corp
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Priority to US419654A priority Critical patent/US3298457A/en
Priority to GB48493/65A priority patent/GB1107310A/en
Priority to DE19651472020 priority patent/DE1472020A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3298457A publication Critical patent/US3298457A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249982—With component specified as adhesive or bonding agent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/24999—Inorganic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y10T428/249992—Linear or thermoplastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/259—Silicic material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to means for rendering metal structures substantially opaque to a wide range of acoustic vibrations. Although not limited thereto, the invention is particularly applicable to the treatment of the sheet metal walls of housings or containers for delicate electronic and electromechanical equipment to protect such equipment from malfunction and failure from vibrations produced by ambient high intensity acoustic fields.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of a fragmentary isometric view of one wall of sheet metal enclosure that has been treated in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a similar elevation showing a modified form of treatment.
  • a structural sheet metal member which is subject to high intensity acoustic vibrations from a source located to one side of the member, has applied thereto an adherent first layer of relatively stiff viscoelastic material having a Youngs modulus of elasticity that is substantially less than that of the metal sheet.
  • This first layer by a combination of extension and compression of its viscoelastic material, strongly damps the resonances of the underlying metal sheet.
  • a second layer of a relatively soft, compliant material having a modulus of elasticity that is substantially less than that of the first layer and having dispersed or suspended therein particulate material of high density.
  • This second damping layer provides a highly compliant inertial mass that blocks the transmission of other frequencies of vibrations, particularly the lower frequencies.
  • a base member 1 in the form of a thin, stiff metal sheet which may be a wall of an enclosure housing delicate electronic equipment and which it is desired to render acoustically opaque, has adhered to its surface 2 a first damping layer 3 of viscoelastic material that is relatively stiff and that has Youngs modulus of elasticity substantially less than that of the base member 1.
  • Various well known damping materials of this type may be used, such as asphalts, waxes, rubber and rubber-like polymers, as well as other polymeric materials characterized by high mechanical hysteresis or high internal friction.
  • This layer has sufficient thickness, depending upon the type of Vibration to be damped and the vibration characteristics of the base member 1, to provide substantial damping of vibrations of the base ICC member (particularly at its resonant frequencies), such damping being effected predominantly through extension and compression of the viscoelastic material.
  • the second layer has preferably negligible stiffness and may consist of the same general type of material referred t-o in connection with the first layer but differing therefrom in being much less stiff.
  • the second layer does not act as a substantial constraining layer, but merely as a limp support for high density material that may be dispersed throughout the second layer or locally concentrated in discrete pockets therein.
  • the high density material may desirably consist of lead, iron, or some other metal, or even sand and the like.
  • the high density material is preferably in the form of small particles 5, as shown in FIG. l; but, when the high density material is concentrated in pockets 6 in the second layer, it may be in the form of shaped aggregates 7 filling those pockets.
  • Adherence between the first layer land the base member and between the first and second layers is obtained by the intrinsic adhesiveness of the layers in question or by the use of well known adhesives suitable for this purpose.
  • the damping and inertial functions of the treatment described herein are separated into discrete laminated layers, which permits the most efficient utilization of the best damping materials as well as of the best inertial materials.
  • the layers are arranged in a particular order, the damping layer being adhered directly to the surface of the base member and the inertial layer to the outer surface of the damping layer, an arrangement that permits the use of the least amountU of damping material and the least amount of inertial mgaterial.
  • An acoustic barrier structure comprising a sheet metal base member having a surface subject to a field of intense acoustic vibration, a first layer of relatively stiif viscoelastic damping material adhered to said surface, said material having a Youngs modulus of elasticity that is substantially less than that of the base member, a second layer tof relatively soft compliant' material adhered to the outer surface of the rst layer, the material of the second layer having a modulus of elasticity that is substantially less than that of the damping material of the rst layer and supporting therein particulate material of relatively high specic gravity.
  • the particulate material consists of at least one of the class of compounds that includes sand, lead, and iron.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Description

' Jan- 17 1957 G'. E. WARNAKA ACOUSTICAL BARRIER TREATMENT Filed D90. 2 1, 1964 United States Patent O 3,298,457 ACOUSTICAL BARRIER TREATMENT Glenn E. Warnaka, Erie, Pa., assignor to Lord Corporation, a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Dec. 21, 1964, Ser. No. 419,654 6 Claims. (Cl. 181-33) This invention relates to means for rendering metal structures substantially opaque to a wide range of acoustic vibrations. Although not limited thereto, the invention is particularly applicable to the treatment of the sheet metal walls of housings or containers for delicate electronic and electromechanical equipment to protect such equipment from malfunction and failure from vibrations produced by ambient high intensity acoustic fields. Broad spectrum, high intensity sound waves readily penetrate most conventional sheet metal enclosures, which may be said t-o be acoustically transparent to such waves. One reason for such transparency is that the sound waves induce resonant vibrations of the container structure itself, which then transmits those vibrations (often intensified) to the equipment inside. Another reason is that the walls of such containers are just not heavy enough to block sound waves effectively, particularly sound waves of lower frequencies. It is accordingly among the objects of this invention to provide means for treating metal structures to make them an effective barrier to acoustic vibrations not only in those frequencies at which the structure is resonant, but also in other and l-ower frequencies. A further object is to accomplish the foregoing treatment most economically and efficiently.
Other objects will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of-the invention, in connection with the attached drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of a fragmentary isometric view of one wall of sheet metal enclosure that has been treated in accordance with this invention; and
FIG. 2 is a similar elevation showing a modified form of treatment.
In accordance with this invention, a structural sheet metal member, which is subject to high intensity acoustic vibrations from a source located to one side of the member, has applied thereto an adherent first layer of relatively stiff viscoelastic material having a Youngs modulus of elasticity that is substantially less than that of the metal sheet. This first layer, by a combination of extension and compression of its viscoelastic material, strongly damps the resonances of the underlying metal sheet. To the outer surface of this first layer is adhered a second layer of a relatively soft, compliant material having a modulus of elasticity that is substantially less than that of the first layer and having dispersed or suspended therein particulate material of high density. This second damping layer provides a highly compliant inertial mass that blocks the transmission of other frequencies of vibrations, particularly the lower frequencies.
Referring to the drawings, a base member 1 in the form of a thin, stiff metal sheet, which may be a wall of an enclosure housing delicate electronic equipment and which it is desired to render acoustically opaque, has adhered to its surface 2 a first damping layer 3 of viscoelastic material that is relatively stiff and that has Youngs modulus of elasticity substantially less than that of the base member 1. Various well known damping materials of this type may be used, such as asphalts, waxes, rubber and rubber-like polymers, as well as other polymeric materials characterized by high mechanical hysteresis or high internal friction. This layer has sufficient thickness, depending upon the type of Vibration to be damped and the vibration characteristics of the base member 1, to provide substantial damping of vibrations of the base ICC member (particularly at its resonant frequencies), such damping being effected predominantly through extension and compression of the viscoelastic material.
To the outer surface of this first layer of damping material is adhered a second layer 4 of a quite soft and compliant material having a Youngs modulus of elasticity that is substantially less than that of the first layer. In fact, the second layer has preferably negligible stiffness and may consist of the same general type of material referred t-o in connection with the first layer but differing therefrom in being much less stiff. In other words, the second layer does not act as a substantial constraining layer, but merely as a limp support for high density material that may be dispersed throughout the second layer or locally concentrated in discrete pockets therein. In either case, the high density material may desirably consist of lead, iron, or some other metal, or even sand and the like. When uniformly dispersed throughout the second layer, the high density material is preferably in the form of small particles 5, as shown in FIG. l; but, when the high density material is concentrated in pockets 6 in the second layer, it may be in the form of shaped aggregates 7 filling those pockets.
Adherence between the first layer land the base member and between the first and second layers is obtained by the intrinsic adhesiveness of the layers in question or by the use of well known adhesives suitable for this purpose.
It is among the feaures of the present invention that the damping and inertial functions of the treatment described herein are separated into discrete laminated layers, which permits the most efficient utilization of the best damping materials as well as of the best inertial materials. Another feature is that the layers are arranged in a particular order, the damping layer being adhered directly to the surface of the base member and the inertial layer to the outer surface of the damping layer, an arrangement that permits the use of the least amountU of damping material and the least amount of inertial mgaterial. In comparision, if the stiff damping layer were `applied on the base member to a great thickness so as to fulfill both the damping and inertial requirements, the layer would tend to overstiffen the structure; and acoustically excited bending or flexural waves in the structure would travel at sonic or supersonic speeds and would be readily transmitted through the barrier in spite of the high inertial and high damping characteristics of the composite single layer treatment. Of course, if a soft massive layer having relatively small damping capabilities were alone applied to the structure, there would be insufiicient damping to suppress structural resonances. Again, if the described order of the layers were reversed, so that the inertial layer was adhered directly to the surface of the base member and the damping layer adhered to the outer surface of the inertial layer, then the effectiveness of the damping layer would be greatly reduced because the soft inertial layer would provide full shear compliance between the metal sheet and the outer damping layer and there would be ineffective coupling of that layer with the sheet.
According to the provision of the patent statutes, I have explained the principle of my invention and have illustrated and described what I now consider to represent its best embodiment. However, I desire to have it understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described.
I claim:
1. An acoustic barrier structure comprising a sheet metal base member having a surface subject to a field of intense acoustic vibration, a first layer of relatively stiif viscoelastic damping material adhered to said surface, said material having a Youngs modulus of elasticity that is substantially less than that of the base member, a second layer tof relatively soft compliant' material adhered to the outer surface of the rst layer, the material of the second layer having a modulus of elasticity that is substantially less than that of the damping material of the rst layer and supporting therein particulate material of relatively high specic gravity.
2. A structure according to claim 1, in which the particulate material is dispersed uniformly throughout the second layer.
3. A structure according to claim 1, in which the parti-culate material is segregated in localized pockets in the second layer.
4. A structure according to claim 1, in which the particulate material consists of at least one of the class of compounds that includes sand, lead, and iron.
5. A structurey according to claim 1, in which the rst layer has sufcient thickness to provide effective damping of resonant vibrations lofthe base member.
6. A structure according to claim 1, in which the compliant material of the second layer has negligible stiffness.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,724,670 ll/1955 Mason 181-33 3,038,551 6/1962 McCoy et al. 181-33 3,117,054 1/1964 Antonucci 161-160 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,220,354 1/1960 France.
RICHARD B. WILKINSON, Primary Examiner.
R. S. WARD, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN ACOUSTIC BARRIER STRUCTURE COMPRISING A SHEET METAL BASE MEMBER HAVING A SURFACE SUBJECT TO A FIELD OF INTENSE ACOUSTIC VIBRATION, A FIRST LAYER OF RELATIVELY STIFF VISCOELASTIC DAMPING MATERIAL ADHERED TO SAID SURFACE, SAID MATERIAL HAVING A YOUNG''S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY THAT IS SUBSTANTIALLY LESS THAN THAT OF THE BASE MEMBER, A SECOND LAYER OF RELATIVELY SOFT COMPLIANT MATERIAL ADHERED TO THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE FIRST LAYER, THE MATERIAL OF THE SECOND LAYER HAVING A MODULUS OF ELASTICITY THAT
US419654A 1964-12-21 1964-12-21 Acoustical barrier treatment Expired - Lifetime US3298457A (en)

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US419654A US3298457A (en) 1964-12-21 1964-12-21 Acoustical barrier treatment
GB48493/65A GB1107310A (en) 1964-12-21 1965-11-15 Acoustic barrier structure
DE19651472020 DE1472020A1 (en) 1964-12-21 1965-12-13 Sound insulating wall

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3647022A (en) * 1968-11-30 1972-03-07 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Sound absorber construction
US4193474A (en) * 1978-04-11 1980-03-18 Toray Industries, Inc. Sound insulating unit and sound barrier
US4800984A (en) * 1987-04-24 1989-01-31 Cartex Corporation Acoustical barrier for vehicles
US4886256A (en) * 1980-08-05 1989-12-12 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Vehicle suspension device with a coil spring embedded in an open cell foam
US5266374A (en) * 1990-03-15 1993-11-30 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Carpet construction providing noise suppression
US6061456A (en) * 1992-10-29 2000-05-09 Andrea Electronics Corporation Noise cancellation apparatus
US6104816A (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy High noise communication system
US6363345B1 (en) 1999-02-18 2002-03-26 Andrea Electronics Corporation System, method and apparatus for cancelling noise
US6594367B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2003-07-15 Andrea Electronics Corporation Super directional beamforming design and implementation
US20050126848A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-06-16 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Sound insulating system
US20060118356A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-08 Quietly Making Noise, Llc Acoustical window and door covering
US20110100746A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2011-05-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Viscoelastic phononic crystal

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2437947C3 (en) * 1974-08-07 1984-09-20 Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim Arrangement for the absorption of airborne sound
DE2930966C2 (en) * 1979-07-31 1983-12-22 Teroson Gmbh, 6900 Heidelberg Process for the production of a sound-absorbing molded part
WO2008131960A2 (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-11-06 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Improved acoustic and impact performance of etic-systems

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2724670A (en) * 1954-01-25 1955-11-22 Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co Laminated packing
FR1220354A (en) * 1958-02-20 1960-05-24 Alois Stankiewicz Chemische Er Heavy, flexible and sound-absorbing partition
US3038551A (en) * 1959-10-15 1962-06-12 Riverside Plastics Corp Self-damping material and sonar dome formed therefrom
US3117054A (en) * 1960-06-28 1964-01-07 Renaldo M Antonucci Coating for the absorption of vibrational energy

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2724670A (en) * 1954-01-25 1955-11-22 Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co Laminated packing
FR1220354A (en) * 1958-02-20 1960-05-24 Alois Stankiewicz Chemische Er Heavy, flexible and sound-absorbing partition
US3038551A (en) * 1959-10-15 1962-06-12 Riverside Plastics Corp Self-damping material and sonar dome formed therefrom
US3117054A (en) * 1960-06-28 1964-01-07 Renaldo M Antonucci Coating for the absorption of vibrational energy

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3647022A (en) * 1968-11-30 1972-03-07 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Sound absorber construction
US4193474A (en) * 1978-04-11 1980-03-18 Toray Industries, Inc. Sound insulating unit and sound barrier
US4886256A (en) * 1980-08-05 1989-12-12 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Vehicle suspension device with a coil spring embedded in an open cell foam
US4800984A (en) * 1987-04-24 1989-01-31 Cartex Corporation Acoustical barrier for vehicles
US5266374A (en) * 1990-03-15 1993-11-30 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Carpet construction providing noise suppression
US6061456A (en) * 1992-10-29 2000-05-09 Andrea Electronics Corporation Noise cancellation apparatus
US6104816A (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy High noise communication system
US6363345B1 (en) 1999-02-18 2002-03-26 Andrea Electronics Corporation System, method and apparatus for cancelling noise
US6594367B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2003-07-15 Andrea Electronics Corporation Super directional beamforming design and implementation
US20050126848A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-06-16 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Sound insulating system
US20060118356A1 (en) * 2004-12-02 2006-06-08 Quietly Making Noise, Llc Acoustical window and door covering
US7562743B2 (en) * 2004-12-02 2009-07-21 Quietly Making Noise, Llc Acoustical window and door covering
US20110100746A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2011-05-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Viscoelastic phononic crystal
US9324312B2 (en) * 2007-12-21 2016-04-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Viscoelastic phononic crystal

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DE1472020A1 (en) 1970-02-26
GB1107310A (en) 1968-03-27

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