US3284684A - Electrical capacitor and method of making the same - Google Patents
Electrical capacitor and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3284684A US3284684A US424151A US42415165A US3284684A US 3284684 A US3284684 A US 3284684A US 424151 A US424151 A US 424151A US 42415165 A US42415165 A US 42415165A US 3284684 A US3284684 A US 3284684A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- metal
- capacitor
- melting metal
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetyloxy-3,4,6-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O)OC(=O)C)O)O SMEGJBVQLJJKKX-HOTMZDKISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081735 acetylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/228—Terminals
- H01G4/232—Terminals electrically connecting two or more layers of a stacked or rolled capacitor
- H01G4/2325—Terminals electrically connecting two or more layers of a stacked or rolled capacitor characterised by the material of the terminals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/228—Terminals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/43—Electric condenser making
- Y10T29/435—Solid dielectric type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical capacitor, preferably with a dielectric of a thermoplastic material, the plates of which, consisting especially of thin metal layers, produced by vapor treatment, are first contacted by end contact layers of a metal having a high melting temperature upon which is applied a layer of metal having a low melting temperature.
- end contact layers are usually produced by the so-called Schoops" metal spraying process in which a spraying on of molten metal is effected.
- Schoops metal spraying process
- end contact layers are also known, however, methods of producing end contact layers by other processes as for example, by metal vapor treatment.
- end contact layers not of one metal, but of several metals successively applied to form several layers. It is, for example, a known practice to first apply to the end surfaces a copper layer and only then over such copper layer, to apply low melting metal, for example, zinc.
- an electrical capacitor the plates of which are contacted by end contact layers of a first applied high melting metal on which is superimposed a layer of a low melting metal, in which, according to the invention, the first applied high melting metal is arranged on the ends of the capacitor in the form of individual particles, not forming a cohesive layer, but covering essentially each winding layer of the capacitor.
- the end contact layer according to the invention there is melted into the end surfaces first of all through a short spray burst which may be achieved in the Soho-op process a certain number of particles of a metal with relatively high melting point (ca. 1000* C. and above) and preferably relative high density, such as, for example, gold, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, vanadium, zirconium and thereupon there is sprayed on a cohesive layer of a metal with a relatively low melting point such as, for example, zinc or tin or a z'yerin alloy, and to this, in the usual manner, the terminal wires are fastened.
- a metal with relatively high melting point ca. 1000* C. and above
- relative high density such as, for example, gold, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, vanadium, zirconium and thereupon there is sprayed on a cohesive layer of a metal with a relatively low melting point such as, for example, zinc or tin
- the ends of the capacitor are thermally charged only for such a short time that no damage to the dielectric is to be feared.
- the non-cohesive particles "ice of the high melting metal act as embedding or anchoring elements for the contact layer subsequently applied to the ends of the wrapped capacitor layers.
- the utilization of the invention has proved especially advantageous in thin foil capacitors, the dielectric of which consists of thin lacquer layers, in particular, of acetyl cellulose or polystyrene.
- FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a capacitor embodying the invention, with a corner portion broken away;
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the corner portion broken away in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 of the drawing in which there is represented a wrapped electric capacitor, the ends of which, as illustrated in FIG. 2, are contacted by first spraying on individual particles 2 of a high-melting metal, for example copper, and subsequently spraying on an end contact layer 3 of a metal with low melting point, for example zinc. Onto the end contact layer 3- there are then soldered the terminal wires 4, by meansof which electrical connections of the capacitor are effected.
- a high-melting metal for example copper
- an end contact layer 3 of a metal with low melting point, for example zinc
- An electrical capacitor with a dielectric of -a thermoplastic material, the plates of which consist of thin metal layers produced by metalization, and are contacted by end contact layers of a first-applied high melting metal and a superimposed layer of a low melting metal, characterized by the feature that the high melting metal, first applied, and directly contacting the capacitor structure is disposed thereon in the form of individual particles which do not form a cohesive layer, but cover essentially each winding layer at the ends of the capacitor, said low melting metal connecting said individual particles and anchoredthereby to the adjacent winding layers.
- An electrical capacitor is defined in claim 1, wherein the particle size of such high-melting metal is within the range of 20 to 300' microns.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
Description
1966 FRIEDRICH GAENGE 3,284,684 ALSO KNOWN As FRITZ GAENGE ELECTRICAL CAPACITOR AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Jan. '7, 1965 FIG! .fizz ezafoz". 750}; kez zye,
United States Patent 6 Claims. Cl. 317-260) The present invention relates to an electrical capacitor, preferably with a dielectric of a thermoplastic material, the plates of which, consisting especially of thin metal layers, produced by vapor treatment, are first contacted by end contact layers of a metal having a high melting temperature upon which is applied a layer of metal having a low melting temperature.
It is a known practice to contact electric capacitors by end contact layers. These end contact layers are usually produced by the so-called Schoops" metal spraying process in which a spraying on of molten metal is effected. There are also known, however, methods of producing end contact layers by other processes as for example, by metal vapor treatment.
It further is a known practice to make the end contact layers not of one metal, but of several metals successively applied to form several layers. It is, for example, a known practice to first apply to the end surfaces a copper layer and only then over such copper layer, to apply low melting metal, for example, zinc.
Through the known processes it is possible to initially achieve a substantially faultless contacting. It was found, how-ever, that especially in the case of end contact capacitors which were constructed of metalized plastic b ands, at a raised temperature there occurred a gradual deterioration of contacting. This impairment is to be explained by the fact that in consequence of shrinkage processes and the like, the contact layer is torn off.
In order to avoid a deterioration of the contacting under the influences of temperature changes there is proposed an electrical capacitor, the plates of which are contacted by end contact layers of a first applied high melting metal on which is superimposed a layer of a low melting metal, in which, according to the invention, the first applied high melting metal is arranged on the ends of the capacitor in the form of individual particles, not forming a cohesive layer, but covering essentially each winding layer of the capacitor.
For the production of the end contact layer according to the invention there is melted into the end surfaces first of all through a short spray burst which may be achieved in the Soho-op process a certain number of particles of a metal with relatively high melting point (ca. 1000* C. and above) and preferably relative high density, such as, for example, gold, copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, vanadium, zirconium and thereupon there is sprayed on a cohesive layer of a metal with a relatively low melting point such as, for example, zinc or tin or a z'incatin alloy, and to this, in the usual manner, the terminal wires are fastened. In the short spray burst which is necessary for the applying of the particles of the high melting metal, the ends of the capacitor are thermally charged only for such a short time that no damage to the dielectric is to be feared. The non-cohesive particles "ice of the high melting metal act as embedding or anchoring elements for the contact layer subsequently applied to the ends of the wrapped capacitor layers. Although the danger of a thermal damage is considerably less than in the application of a cohesive layer of a high melting metal even if the latter is thin, through the individually applied particles there is achieved a considerably firmer and stronger anchoring of the final end contact layer than would be possible with the aid of cohesive layers. It has proved expedient to select for the particles of the high melting metal, a grain size in the range of 20 microns to 300 microns, preferably 50' to microns.
The utilization of the invention has proved especially advantageous in thin foil capacitors, the dielectric of which consists of thin lacquer layers, in particular, of acetyl cellulose or polystyrene.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a capacitor embodying the invention, with a corner portion broken away; and
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the corner portion broken away in FIG. 1.
For the further explanation of the invention, reference is made to FIG. 1 of the drawing in which there is represented a wrapped electric capacitor, the ends of which, as illustrated in FIG. 2, are contacted by first spraying on individual particles 2 of a high-melting metal, for example copper, and subsequently spraying on an end contact layer 3 of a metal with low melting point, for example zinc. Onto the end contact layer 3- there are then soldered the terminal wires 4, by meansof which electrical connections of the capacitor are effected.
Changes may be made within the scope and spirit of the appended claims which define what is believed to be new and desired to have protected by Letters Patent.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. An electrical capacitor, with a dielectric of -a thermoplastic material, the plates of which consist of thin metal layers produced by metalization, and are contacted by end contact layers of a first-applied high melting metal and a superimposed layer of a low melting metal, characterized by the feature that the high melting metal, first applied, and directly contacting the capacitor structure is disposed thereon in the form of individual particles which do not form a cohesive layer, but cover essentially each winding layer at the ends of the capacitor, said low melting metal connecting said individual particles and anchoredthereby to the adjacent winding layers.
2. An electrical capacitor is defined in claim 1, wherein the particle size of such high-melting metal is within the range of 20 to 300' microns.
3. An electrical capacitor according to claim 2, wherein the particle size of the high melting metal is within a range of 50 to 150 microns.
4. An electrical capacitor as defined in claim 1, wherein said non-cohesive layer of particles of high melting metal is covered by a cohesive layer of a low melting metal, and terminal, connections secured to said cohesive layer.
5. A process for the production of end contact layers of an electrical capacitor, preferably with a dielectric of a thermoplastic material, the plates of which consist of thin metal layers produced by metalization, and are contacted by end contact layers of a first-applied high melting metal and a superimposed layer of a low melting metal, comprising the steps of first spraying onto the Patented Nov. 8, 1966.
. 3 4 end surfaces of the capacitor with a quantity of individual References Cited by the Examiner particles of a metal having a high melting temperature, UNITED STATES PATENTS with such quantity being less than that required to form a cohesive metal layer, thereby contacting each winding 2,921,246 1/1960 Peck 317260 layer of the capacitor with such individual particles to 5 FO PATENTS form a non-cohesive layer thereof, and thereafter spray- 712 559 7/1954 Great Britain ing on such particle layer a metal having a lower melting point, to form an end contact layer. LEWIS MYERS, Primary Examiner 6. A process as defined in claim 5, wherein said metal having the low melting temperature is applied as a co- 10 ROBERT SCHAEFER Examine"- hesive layer to which terminal connection may be secured. E. GOLDBERG, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. AN ELECTRICAL CAPACITOR, WITH A DIELECTRIC OF A THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL, THE PLATES OF WHICH CONSIST OF THIN METAL LAYERS PRODUCED BY METALIZATION, AND ARE CONTACTED BY END CONTACT LAYERS OF A FIRST-APPLIED HIGH MELTING METAL AND A SUPERIMPOSED LAYER OF A LOW MELTING METAL, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FEATURE THAT THE HIGH MELTING METAL, FIRST APPLIED, AND DIRECTLY CONTACTING THE CAPACITOR STRUCTURE IS DISPOSED THEREON IN THE FORM OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES WHICH DO NOT FORM A COHESIVE LAYER, BUT COVER ESSENTIALLY EACH WINDING LAYER AT THE ENDS OF THE CAPACITOR, SAID LOW MELTING METAL CONNECTING SAID INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES AND ANCHORED THEREBY TO THE ADJACENT WINDING LAYERS.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DES89011A DE1229191B (en) | 1964-01-10 | 1964-01-10 | Electrical capacitor with end contact layers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3284684A true US3284684A (en) | 1966-11-08 |
Family
ID=7514816
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US424151A Expired - Lifetime US3284684A (en) | 1964-01-10 | 1965-01-07 | Electrical capacitor and method of making the same |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3284684A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE658144A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH416837A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1229191B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1036996A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6414068A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3465403A (en) * | 1965-12-28 | 1969-09-09 | Western Electric Co | Method of establishing a testing procedure for self-healing capacitors |
| US3495311A (en) * | 1966-11-16 | 1970-02-17 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Method of producing electrical capacitors with semiconductor layer |
| US3992761A (en) * | 1974-11-22 | 1976-11-23 | Trw Inc. | Method of making multi-layer capacitors |
| US4226011A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1980-10-07 | Trw Inc. | Manufacturing method for metalized plastic dielectric capacitors for improved current capabilities |
| US4604676A (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-08-05 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Ceramic capacitor |
| US4613518A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1986-09-23 | Sfe Technologies | Monolithic capacitor edge termination |
| US4819115A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-04-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | End connections for wound capacitors and methods of making the same |
| US4849853A (en) * | 1988-04-11 | 1989-07-18 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Capacitive structure |
| WO2014206306A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 国源容开国际科技（北京）股份有限公司 | Control circuit of diode contact protection combination switch and relay control method |
| US9666366B2 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2017-05-30 | Avx Corporation | Method of making multi-layer electronic components with plated terminations |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1614641C2 (en) * | 1967-10-26 | 1974-07-11 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Electric capacitor with metal coverings made of aluminum |
| NL6910723A (en) * | 1968-07-24 | 1970-01-27 | ||
| DE1764741B1 (en) * | 1968-07-29 | 1971-10-07 | Siemens Ag | PROCEDURE FOR CAPACITY ADJUSTMENT OF ELECTRIC WINDING CONDENSERS |
| JPS56101732A (en) | 1980-01-18 | 1981-08-14 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Metallized film condenser |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB712559A (en) * | 1951-06-16 | 1954-07-28 | Siemens Ag | Improvements relating to electric condensers |
| US2921246A (en) * | 1956-03-29 | 1960-01-12 | Sprague Electric Co | Electrical condensers |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE946302C (en) * | 1941-12-11 | 1956-07-26 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Process for the production of electrically conductive connections between extremely thin metal layers of electrical capacitors and their wire-shaped power supplies |
-
0
- BE BE658144D patent/BE658144A/xx unknown
-
1964
- 1964-01-10 DE DES89011A patent/DE1229191B/en active Pending
- 1964-12-03 NL NL6414068A patent/NL6414068A/xx unknown
-
1965
- 1965-01-07 US US424151A patent/US3284684A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1965-01-08 CH CH16865A patent/CH416837A/en unknown
- 1965-01-11 GB GB1129/65A patent/GB1036996A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB712559A (en) * | 1951-06-16 | 1954-07-28 | Siemens Ag | Improvements relating to electric condensers |
| US2921246A (en) * | 1956-03-29 | 1960-01-12 | Sprague Electric Co | Electrical condensers |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3465403A (en) * | 1965-12-28 | 1969-09-09 | Western Electric Co | Method of establishing a testing procedure for self-healing capacitors |
| US3495311A (en) * | 1966-11-16 | 1970-02-17 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Method of producing electrical capacitors with semiconductor layer |
| US3992761A (en) * | 1974-11-22 | 1976-11-23 | Trw Inc. | Method of making multi-layer capacitors |
| US4226011A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1980-10-07 | Trw Inc. | Manufacturing method for metalized plastic dielectric capacitors for improved current capabilities |
| US4613518A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1986-09-23 | Sfe Technologies | Monolithic capacitor edge termination |
| US4604676A (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-08-05 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Ceramic capacitor |
| US4819115A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-04-04 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | End connections for wound capacitors and methods of making the same |
| US4849853A (en) * | 1988-04-11 | 1989-07-18 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Capacitive structure |
| US9666366B2 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2017-05-30 | Avx Corporation | Method of making multi-layer electronic components with plated terminations |
| US10020116B2 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2018-07-10 | Avx Corporation | Plated terminations |
| US10366835B2 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2019-07-30 | Avx Corporation | Plated terminations |
| US11195659B2 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2021-12-07 | Avx Corporation | Plated terminations |
| WO2014206306A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | 国源容开国际科技（北京）股份有限公司 | Control circuit of diode contact protection combination switch and relay control method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1036996A (en) | 1966-07-20 |
| DE1229191B (en) | 1966-11-24 |
| CH416837A (en) | 1966-07-15 |
| NL6414068A (en) | 1965-07-12 |
| BE658144A (en) |
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