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US3273543A - Furnace wall blower improvement - Google Patents

Furnace wall blower improvement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3273543A
US3273543A US405167A US40516764A US3273543A US 3273543 A US3273543 A US 3273543A US 405167 A US405167 A US 405167A US 40516764 A US40516764 A US 40516764A US 3273543 A US3273543 A US 3273543A
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United States
Prior art keywords
furnace
wall
ash
jet
blower
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US405167A
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English (en)
Inventor
Elwood P Petit
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Combustion Engineering Inc filed Critical Combustion Engineering Inc
Priority to US405167A priority Critical patent/US3273543A/en
Priority to GB41435/65A priority patent/GB1085307A/en
Priority to ES0318056A priority patent/ES318056A1/es
Priority to DEC37157A priority patent/DE1298228B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3273543A publication Critical patent/US3273543A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G3/00—Rotary appliances
    • F28G3/16—Rotary appliances using jets of fluid for removing debris

Definitions

  • the metal temperature of the Wall tubing is much lower than any known ash softening temperature and consequently the ash adjacent to the tube surface must be solid.
  • the gas temperatures within the furnace generally exceed the ash softening temperature and the temperatures within the burner zone of an ordinary vapor generator always exceed the ash softening temperature.
  • the face of the slag layer which is adjacent the tubing approaches the temperature of the furnace wall tubing
  • the other face of the slag layer which is adjacent the furnace cavity approaches the gas temperature. Therefore, running slag can be anticipated throughout the furnace and particularly in the burner zone, where there tends to be a very high heat absorption rate in the furnace wall tubing.
  • this ash layer forms should also be considered.
  • the ash particles as they strike the wall surface are in a molten state and freeze as soon as they strike the walls. This continues until there is an ash buildup comprised of lightly bonded ash particles. As this becomes thicker the temperature of the outer layer increases so that the new ash particles impinging thereon are cooled less slowly and tend to form a sintered or vitrified layer. As additional ash collects on the surface the surface temperature becomes high enough to permit the ash to liquify in the form of fluid slag.
  • the fluid temperature of the ash is not well defined and the wall deposit exists as a layer ranging from loosely bonded ash at the tube surface through the vitrifled layer of solid ash, and then through a range of viscous semi-fluid to fluid slag on the outer surface which is immediately adjacent to the furnace cavity.
  • soot blowers such as illustrated in US. Patent No. 2,662,241.
  • soot blowers operate by inserting a nozzle through the wall so that it blows from a position 1 /2 to 2 inches on the furnace side of the crown of the furnace Wall tube, and in a direction almost parallel to the furnace wall.
  • the jet of cleaning medium tends to blow against and across the slag layer to remove the slag.
  • a soot blower of this type is very effective on the loosely bonded ash particles which comprise the earliest forma- 3,273,543 Patented Sept. 20, 1966 tion in the burner zone and in lower heat absorption zones comprise the total formation.
  • the efficiency of these soot blowers decreases. If the soot blower is able to penetrate the vitrified layer, it may then operate 011 the edge of the remaining slag layer so that it is peeled back by the action of the jet which works on the remaining edge of the existing slag layer.
  • the nozzle so inserted is rotated throughout 360 to effect cleaning of the general furnace wall area.
  • my invention When used in a section of a furnace which is heavily slagged and where there is a layer of vitrified ash formed, my invention operates so that the ash and slag layer immediately adjacent the wall blower is first removed.
  • the conventional wall type soot blower is then operated from either a normal location or from one more remote from the wall.
  • the removal of the slag and ash immediately adjacent the wall blower permits the cleaning jet from the conventional blower to operate on the edge of the remaining slag layer so that it may be peeled back from the wall avoiding the problem of attempting to penetrate the slag layer at a distance remote from the nozzle.
  • my invention is effective to increase the cleaning area of the conventional wall type soot blower. Since the area immediately adjacent the wall blower is cleaned either by fixed deslaggers or by operating the retractable blower at a location extremely close to the wall with a reduced blowing pressure, the nozzle may be operated from a location well within the furnace without fear of missing the area immediately adjacent the nozzle. The wall blower may then be operated with extremely high blowing pressure with no fear of tube erosion so that the cleaning radius may be greatly increased.
  • the inven tion comprises an arrangement, construction and combination of the elements of the inventive organization in such a manner as to attain the results desired, as hereinafter more particularly set forth in the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment, said embodiment being shown by the accompanying drawings wherein:
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a vapor generator indicating general wall blower locations
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation of a section of the furnace wall in the location of a furnace wall blower which has fixed deslaggers associated therewith;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional plan view through the same portion of the furnace wall
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation through a furnace wall illustrating a wall blower operating with a nozzle position extremely close to the furnace wall surface;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a sectional elevation through a furnace Wall with the jet operating from a location well within the furnace.
  • the walls 2 of the furnace 3 are lined with parallel furnace wall tubes 4. These tubes convey water to be heated from the lower headers 5 and 6 to the upper headers 7 and 8 from which steam is released and conveyed through additional steam heating surface (not shown). Coal is introduced through burners 9 with combustion occurring in the furnace 3 and the gas passing out to exhaust through the flue 10.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 This arrangement of a rotating wall blower in conjunction with the fixed deslaggers is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the parallel tubes 41 have bars 14 welded between adjacent tubes forming what is generally known as a web wall construction.
  • Steam is delivered to the soot blower through supply pipe 15 and is controlled by the operation of valve 17.
  • the steam passes through the wall blower operating box 18.
  • the blower tube 19 is advanced into the furnace and steam is then delivered through operating box 18 and nozzle 20 blowing essentially parallel to the furnace wall.
  • steam is admitted through the nozzle 20 and the blower tube 19, and the nozzle is then rotated through 360 degrees.
  • the wall blower may be operated so that the nozzle blows throughout the full are or for only a preselected portion of the arc.
  • the nozzle once inserted may also be operated so as to make multiple rotations if desired.
  • a wall blower sealing box 22 is installed as part of the inner casing of the furnace and prevents furnace gases from leaking outward or air from leaking inward through the tube openings required when the tubes are offset for the wall blower.
  • deslaggers 23 such as those described in my copending application Serial No. 405,166, filed on even date herewith, are installed. These deslaggers include a pressure chamber 24 located outside the furnace and securely fastened to the furnace wall tubes. The webs 14 have holes 25 drilled through them in the area of the deslagger so that steam passes from the pressure chamber through the fins and impinges on a baffle plate 27.
  • a wall blower is inserted so that the centerline of the one inch diameter nozzle 20 is located about 1 /2 inches off the crown of the furnace wall tubes and at this point steam is passed through the nozzle directing a jet along the furnace wall tubes.
  • this jet has been frequently found ineffective where the ash has formed so that there is a vitrified layer, and it has also been found that excessive blowing pressures tend to create tube erosion in the area of the wall blower.
  • steam is admitted to the pressure chamber 24 and passes through the deslaggers 23 so that it is introduced intermediate the tubes and the slag layer.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate another method of achieving the two-step cleaning of the furnace walls.
  • Steam is admitted through supply pipe 35 and is controlled by control valve 37.
  • the steam passes into the wall blower control box 38 and operates to start moving the wall blower tube 39.
  • steam is admitted through the nozzle directing the steam jet 42 approximately parallel to the furnace wall.
  • the nozzle 40 has a diameter of about one inch and is operated so that the centerline is about /2 to inch inside the furnace. The one edge of the jet 42 would then be almost flush with the crown of the furnace wall tubes.
  • this first blow is made at a low pressure such as about p.s.i. Operation of the nozzle from this location is effective to reach beneath the slag layer locally and also to put the concentrated full force of the jet on the slag layer immediately adjacent the wall blower. It will operate effectively to clean ash and slag away from that area immediately adjacent the wall blower, but it will not have carrying force to clean an extended area of the wall surface.
  • the wall blower is rotated throughout 360 degrees while blowing through either the total are or a preselected portion thereof.
  • the nozzle is then further inserted as illustrated in FIG. 5 to a location where the centerline of the nozzle is from 2 to 3 inches inside the furnace wall and the blowing pressure is increased to between 250 and 300 p.s.i.
  • the steam jet 52 issuing forth from the nozzle at this new location operates on the remaining slag layer 53 and is directed across the furnace wall so that it operates against the edge of the remaining slag layer.
  • the jet penetrates underneath the ash and slag and is effective in peeling it back from the furnace walls. While conventionally a wall blower would operate with a blowing pressure of about p.s.i. from a location about 1 /2 inches inside the furnace from the furnace wall, my wall blower operates with a pressure of 250 to 300 p.s.i.
  • My invention is not limited to cooperation with conventional wall blowers, but may be used in conjunction with any blower which operates by directing a jet of cleaning medium across furnace Walls to clean them.
  • the jet may be directed across the front wall of a furnace from a location in the side Wall, adjacent the front wall.
  • a vapor generator having a furnace, tubes lining the walls of said furnace, means for burning an ash bearing fuel within said furnace whereby ash collects on the tube lined walls of the furnace, and means for directing a jet of cleaning medium along at least a portion of a furnace wall, the method of cleaning ash off the walls of said furnace comprising: burning fuel within the furnace and forming a layer of ash and slag on the walls thereof; removing ash from co-planar tubes lining a wall of the furnace, in a limited area immediately adjacent the jet means; thereafter directing the jet of cleaning medium across said co-planar tubes lining said furnace wall so that it operates against the edge of the remaining ash layer whereby the ash beyond said immediately adjacent area is removed.
  • a vapor generator having a furnace, tubes lining the walls of said furnace, means for burning an ash hearing fuel within said furnace whereby ash collects on the tube lined Walls of the furnace, and means for directing a jet of cleaning medium along at least a portion of a furnace wall, the method of cleaning ash off the walls of said furnace comprising: burning fuel Within the furnace and forming a layer of ash and slag on the walls thereof; removing ash from co-planar tubes lining a wall of the furnace, in a limited area immediately adjacent the jet means; thereafter directing the jet of cleaning medium across said coplanar tubes lining said furnace wall so that it operates against the edge of the remaining ash layer, and rotating the jet through a preselected arc, whereby the ash in the general area is removed.
  • a vapor generator having a furnace, tubes lining the walls of said furnace, means for burning an ash bearing fuel within said furnace whereby ash collects on the tube lined walls of the furnace, retractable rotating wall blowers located in the walls of said furnace, the method of cleaning ash off the walls of said furnace comprising: burning fuel within the furnace and collecting a layer of ash on co-planar tubes lining a wall thereof; removing ash from the walls of the furnace, in a limited area immediately adjacent a Wall blower location; thereafter operating the corresponding retractable rotating wall blower by inserting it and rotating it throughout its blowing are at such a location that the wall blower operates to clean said co-planar tubes lining said furnace wall whereby the ash surrounding said immediately adjacent area is removed.
  • a vapor generator having a furnace, tubes lining the walls of said furnace, means for burning an ash bearing fuel within said furnace whereby ash and slag collect on the tube lined Walls and having means for directing a jet of cleaning medium along at least a portion of a furnace wall, the method of cleaning ash and slag off the tube lined walls comprising: introducing cleaning medium immediately adjacent said jet means and intermediate co-planar tubes lining a Wall and the ash and slag layer thereon, whereby ash and slag in the area immediately adjacent the jet means are removed; subsequently directing a jet of cleaning medium across said co-planar tubes lining said furnace wall so that it operates against the edge of the remaining ash and slag layer to remove ash and slag from an extended area.
  • a vapor generator having a furnace, tubes lining the walls of said furnace, means for burning an ash bearing fuel within said furnace whereby ash and slag collect on the tube lined walls and having a retractable type rotating wall blower located in a furnace wall
  • the method of obtaining increased wall cleaning comprising: introducing cleaning medium immediately adjacent said wall blower and intermediate co-planar tubes lining the furnace wall and ash layer thereon, whereby ash and slag in the area immediately adjacent the wall blower are removed; subsequently operating said Wall blower including directing a jet of cleaning medium essentially parallel to the wall surface along the furnace side of said co-planar tube lined wall surface to remove ash and slag from an extended area; and rotating this jet throughout a predeter mined arc to effect the desired cleaning of the general area.
  • a vapor generator having a furnace, tubes lining the walls of said furnace, means for burning an ash bearing fuel within said furnace whereby ash and slag collect on the tube lined walls and having a retractable type rotating wall blower located in a furnace wall
  • the method of obtaining increased wall cleaning comprising: introducing cleaning medium immediately adjacent said wall blower and intermediate co-planar tubes lining the furnace wall and ash layer thereon, and in a direction essentially parallel to the furnace wall, whereby ash and slag in the area immediately adjacent the wall blower are removed; subsequently operating said wall blower including directing a jet of cleaning medium essentially parallel to the wall surface from a location slightly on the furnace side of said co-planar tubes to remove ash and slag from an extended area, and rotating this jet throughout a predetermined arc to effect the desired cleaning of the general area.
  • a vapor generator having a furnace, tubes lining the walls of said furnace, and means for burning an ash bearing fuel within said furnace whereby ash and slag form on the tube lined walls
  • the method of obtaining increased wall cleaning comprising: projecting a jet of cleaning medium approximately parallel to a co-planar tube lined furnace wall surface from a location Within the furnace extremely close to the furnace wall surface; rotating the jet at this location through a predetermined arc whereby the area immediately adjacent the soot blower location is cleaned; projecting a jet of cleaning medium essentially parallel to the co-planar tube lined furnace wall from a location farther inside the furnace from the furnace wall surface; and rotating the jet at this location through a predetermined arc to effect the cleaning of the general area.
  • a vapor generator having a furnace, tubes lining the walls of said furnace, and means for burning an ash bearing fuel within said furnace whereby ash and slag form on the tube lined walls
  • the method of obtaining increased Wall cleaning comprising: projecting a jet of cleaning medium approximately parallel to a co-planar tube lined furnaw Wall surface from a location within the furnace extremely close to the furnace wall surface at a preselected blowing pressure; rotating the jet at this location through a predetermined arc whereby the area immediately adjacent this location is cleaned; projecting a jet of cleaning medium essentially parallel to the co-planar tube lined furnace wall from a location farther inside the furnace from the furnace wall surface at a higher blowing pressure; and rotating the jet at this location through a predetermined arc to effect the cleaning of the general area.
  • a vapor generator having a furnace, tubes lining the walls of said furnace, means for burning an ash bearing fuel within said furnace whereby ash collects on the tube lined walls and having a retractable type rotating wall blower located in a furnace wall
  • the method of obtaining increased wall cleaning comprising: inserting the wall blower and projecting the cleaning jet approximately parallel to co-planar tubes lining the furnace wall from a location within the furnace extremely close to the co-planar tubes; rotating the jet at this location through a predetermined arc whereby the area immediately adjacent the wall blower location is cleaned; further inserting the blower and projecting the jet essentially parallel to the co-planar tubes lining the furnace wall from a location well within the furnace; and rotating the jet at this location through a predetermined arc to effect the cleaning of the general area.
  • a vapor generator having a furnace, tubes lining the walls of said furnace, means for burning an ash hearing fuel within said furnace whereby ash collects on the tube lined walls and having a retractable type rotating wall blower located in a furnace wall
  • the method of obtaining increased wall cleaning comprising: inserting the wall blower and projecting the cleaning jet approximately parallel to the furnace wall surface from a location extremely close to the furnace wall surface at a preselected blowing pressure; rotating the jet at this location through a predetermined arc whereby the area immediately adjacent the wall blower location is cleaned; further inserting the wall blower and projecting the jet essentially parallel to the furnace walls from a location well within the furnace at a higher blowing pressure; and rotating the jet at this location through a predetermined arc to effect the cleaning of the general area.
  • an apparatus for clean ing ash and slag off the tube lined walls of the furnace comprising: means for projecting a jet of cleaning medium across at least a portion of the co-planar tube lined furnace wall from a preselected location, means for introducing cleaning medium intermediate the co-planar furnace wall tubes and the slag layer thereon, immediately adjacent said preselected location; and means to effect the projection of the jet of cleaning medium after the introduction of cleaning medium intermediate the furnace Wall tubes.
  • an apparatus for improving the effectiveness of the wall blower comprising: means for introducing the cleaning medium intermediate the co-planar tubes which the wall blower cleans and the slag layer thereon, immediately adjacent the wall blower location; and means to effect the introduction of cleaning fluid in this location before the wall blower is rotated throughout its final cleaning are.
  • an apparatus for cleaning ash off the tube lined walls of the furnace com prising: means for projecting a jet of cleaning medium across at least a portion of the tube lined furnace wall from a preselected location, and means for introducing a gaseous cleaning medium intermediate adjacent tubes in a direction essentially parallel to said co-planar tubes at a location between a plane defined by the furnace side of said co-planar tubes and a plane defined by the opposite side of said co-planar tubes immediately adjacent the jet means.
  • an apparatus for cleaning ash off the tube lined walls of the furnace comprising: means for projecting a jet of cleaning medium across at least a portion of the tube lined furnace wall from a preselected location, means for introducing a gaseous cleaning medium intermediate adjacent co-planar tubes in a direction essentially parallel to the co-planar tubes being cleaned at a location between a plane defined by the centerlines of said co-planar tubes and a plane defined by the furnace side of said c-o-planar tubes immediately adjacent the jet means, and means to effect the projection of the jet of cleaning medium after the introduction of cleaning medium intermediate the furnace wall tubes.
  • an apparatus for improving the effectiveness of the wall blower comprising: means for introducing a gaseous cleaning medium intermediate adjacent co-planar tubes in a direction essentially parallel to the furnace wall being cleaned at a location between a plane defined by the centerlines of said co-planar tubes and a plane defined by the furnace side of said co-planar tubes on opposite sides of said wall blower and immediately adjacent said wall blower.
  • an apparatus for improving the effectiveness of the wall blower comprising: means for introducing a gaseous cleaning medium intermediate adjacent tubes in a direction essentially parallel to said co-planar tubes of the furnace wall being cleaned at a location between a plane defined by the centerlines of said co-planar tubes and a plane defined by the furnace side of said co-planar tubes at a plurality of locations on opposite sides of said wall blower and immediately adjacent said Wall blower.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
US405167A 1964-10-20 1964-10-20 Furnace wall blower improvement Expired - Lifetime US3273543A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US405167A US3273543A (en) 1964-10-20 1964-10-20 Furnace wall blower improvement
GB41435/65A GB1085307A (en) 1964-10-20 1965-09-29 Method and apparatus for cleaning off ash
ES0318056A ES318056A1 (es) 1964-10-20 1965-10-02 Un metodo para limpiar de cenizas los tubos que revisten una pared de calderas.
DEC37157A DE1298228B (de) 1964-10-20 1965-10-14 Vorrichtung zur Entschlackung von mit Rohren verkleideten Brennkammerwaenden

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US405167A US3273543A (en) 1964-10-20 1964-10-20 Furnace wall blower improvement

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US3273543A true US3273543A (en) 1966-09-20

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US405167A Expired - Lifetime US3273543A (en) 1964-10-20 1964-10-20 Furnace wall blower improvement

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US (1) US3273543A (de)
DE (1) DE1298228B (de)
ES (1) ES318056A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1085307A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4204503A (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-05-27 Moorhead John K Fluid dynamic soot blower system
US4617988A (en) * 1983-04-08 1986-10-21 Krupp-Koppers Gmbh Soot blower for the removal of deposits from surfaces of heat exchangers or the like
WO1994029662A1 (en) * 1993-06-11 1994-12-22 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method and apparatus for removing deposits from the walls of process equipment

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2225828A (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-06-13 Alfred Edward Moore A method of cleaning heating or cooling apparatus

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB288830A (en) * 1927-04-30 1928-04-19 Wilfred Rothery Wood Improvements relating to water tubes for use in boilers or furnaces
US1732429A (en) * 1923-04-26 1929-10-22 Foster Wheeler Corp Soot-blowing provision for fluid-heating apparatus
GB336728A (en) * 1929-08-28 1930-10-23 Whittemore Hulbert Whittemore Improvements in boiler cleaners
US1807255A (en) * 1922-04-24 1931-05-26 Diamond Power Speciality Soot blower
US1930782A (en) * 1931-04-16 1933-10-17 Charles S Turner Soot blower construction for superheater tubes
US1944324A (en) * 1934-01-23 Boiler cleaner
US1992336A (en) * 1930-02-15 1935-02-26 Diamond Power Speciality Boiler tube cleaning apparatus
US2027495A (en) * 1933-04-03 1936-01-14 Diamond Power Speciality Boiler tube cleaning construction
GB453205A (en) * 1935-03-05 1936-09-07 John William Leslie Simpson Improvements in and relating to soot blowers for boilers and the like
US2662241A (en) * 1947-08-05 1953-12-15 Diamond Power Speciality Soot blower of the short-travel retracting type

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB375511A (en) * 1931-05-30 1932-06-30 Richard Ivor Moses Improvements in or relating to fluid pressure operated blowers for cleaning the tubes of steam generators and the like

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1944324A (en) * 1934-01-23 Boiler cleaner
US1807255A (en) * 1922-04-24 1931-05-26 Diamond Power Speciality Soot blower
US1732429A (en) * 1923-04-26 1929-10-22 Foster Wheeler Corp Soot-blowing provision for fluid-heating apparatus
GB288830A (en) * 1927-04-30 1928-04-19 Wilfred Rothery Wood Improvements relating to water tubes for use in boilers or furnaces
GB336728A (en) * 1929-08-28 1930-10-23 Whittemore Hulbert Whittemore Improvements in boiler cleaners
US1992336A (en) * 1930-02-15 1935-02-26 Diamond Power Speciality Boiler tube cleaning apparatus
US1930782A (en) * 1931-04-16 1933-10-17 Charles S Turner Soot blower construction for superheater tubes
US2027495A (en) * 1933-04-03 1936-01-14 Diamond Power Speciality Boiler tube cleaning construction
GB453205A (en) * 1935-03-05 1936-09-07 John William Leslie Simpson Improvements in and relating to soot blowers for boilers and the like
US2662241A (en) * 1947-08-05 1953-12-15 Diamond Power Speciality Soot blower of the short-travel retracting type

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4204503A (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-05-27 Moorhead John K Fluid dynamic soot blower system
US4617988A (en) * 1983-04-08 1986-10-21 Krupp-Koppers Gmbh Soot blower for the removal of deposits from surfaces of heat exchangers or the like
WO1994029662A1 (en) * 1993-06-11 1994-12-22 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method and apparatus for removing deposits from the walls of process equipment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1085307A (en) 1967-09-27
ES318056A1 (es) 1966-04-16
DE1298228B (de) 1969-06-26

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