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US3265807A - Connector for insulated conductors - Google Patents

Connector for insulated conductors Download PDF

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Publication number
US3265807A
US3265807A US384894A US38489464A US3265807A US 3265807 A US3265807 A US 3265807A US 384894 A US384894 A US 384894A US 38489464 A US38489464 A US 38489464A US 3265807 A US3265807 A US 3265807A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
protuberances
connector
tangs
liner
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US384894A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Donald T Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL130146D priority Critical patent/NL130146B/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US384894A priority patent/US3265807A/en
Priority to DE19651590990 priority patent/DE1590990A1/de
Priority to CH1009165A priority patent/CH436416A/de
Priority to ES315840A priority patent/ES315840A1/es
Priority to GB30743/65A priority patent/GB1114744A/en
Priority to NL6509372A priority patent/NL6509372A/xx
Priority to AT671965A priority patent/AT263885B/de
Priority to BE667265D priority patent/BE667265A/xx
Priority to FR25877A priority patent/FR1441209A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3265807A publication Critical patent/US3265807A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/24—Connections using contact members penetrating or cutting insulation or cable strands
    • H01R4/2495—Insulation penetration combined with permanent deformation of the contact member, e.g. crimping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/20—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping using a crimping sleeve
    • H01R4/203—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping using a crimping sleeve having an uneven wire-receiving surface to improve the contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
    • H01R43/058—Crimping mandrels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
    • Y10S174/08—Shrinkable tubes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/49—Member deformed in situ
    • Y10T403/4974—Member deformed in situ by piercing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical connectors, particularly for joining insulated conductors without removing the insulation therefrom.
  • a pressure applied to the insulating jacket asserts a pressing action to the outer sleeve, which in turn presses the inner sleeve and forces the protuberances through the insulation on the conductor and establishes contact with its metallic core.
  • the perforations as disclosed in the above-mentioned Graff et al. patent should be square; that is, they should be produced by pyramidal punches that are guided by square guide holes to pass through the metal and enter square openings in a die that supports the metal.
  • dies and guides having a number of square holes are prohibitively costly, it has become necessary in practice to use pyramid-tipped round punches with dies and guides having round holes.
  • the perforations take on a circular shape; and the triangular protuberances, rather than being planar, are cylindrical about an axis perpendicular to the sleeve surface. This curvature adds a degree of stiffness to the protuberances.
  • Stiffness limits the distance they can be elastically deflected without reaching the yield point.
  • the cylindrical curvature limits the distance through which the protuberances will spring back.
  • the comparatively stiff protuberances of limited spring-back may not accommodate themselves elastically to changes in the shape of the conductors and sleeves and therefore may not maintain the desired stability of electrical contact.
  • the perforations leave spaces between each other in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve. It is possible that a wire placed into the inner sleeve may align itself with one of the spaces, and the possibility exists that pressing of the soft sleeve will create contact'between only a few of the protuberances and the wire. Such limited contact would not be immediately noticeable. However, during aging, when the comparatively unresilient protuberanccs decrease contact with the conductors, this limited contact may become evident. A
  • Another object of the present invention is to extend the distance through which insulation-piercing and wireengaging protuberances on such connectors for insulated conductors Spring back, so as to retain intimate contact with the wires when the environment changes during aging.
  • Another object is to simplify the equipment required for producing such a connector. Still another object of the invention is to multiply the probability, in connectors of the type described, of a large number of protuberances piercing the insulation and establishing electrical contact with the metallic core of the conductor.
  • the connector comprises a soft metallic outer sleeve surrounded by an insulating jacket and a hard spring-like metallic sleeve telescopically placed within the outer sleeve wherein the inner sleeve possesses a plurality of straight. elongated perforations, each having a component extending transverse to the axis of the inner sleeve and each defining a plurality of inwardly extending insulation-piercing and wire-engaging protuberances.
  • the protuberances or tangs are formed by piercing or cutting the metal along a plurality of zigzag paths each transverse to the axis of the sleeve and pushing in the sawtooth protuberances formed thereby so as to produce the elongated perforations.
  • Such sawtooth protuberances are fiat and have bases extending along a straight line defining the perforation edge.
  • the webs between perforations are made sufficiently long relative to the metal thickness to deflect elastically like a beam in response to forces on the tangs.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective View of the connector of this invention disclosing the component parts thereof, together with a pair of insulated wires intended to be inserted therein;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the inner sleeve before it is finally formed, disclosing the configuration of the protuberances on the interior thereof formed by the perforations therein;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a cutter formt'ng the perforations in the inner sleeve
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the cutter in FIG. 3 after it has pierced the inner sleeve;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of a tool suitable for pressing the connector into intimate contact with the conductors contained therein;
  • FIG, 6 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken on line 6-6 of FIG. 5 and illustrating the configuration of the jaws and their relation to the connector positioned therein after deformation:
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged longitudinal view. partly in section, illustrating the relative position of the conductor and the components of the connector before deformation.
  • FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 illustrating the appearance of the connector and the conductors contained therein after it has been deformed and illustrating how the insulation is ruptured and the protuberances bite into the metal conductor.
  • the connector CON of this invention comprises three components; namely, and outer plastic jacket 10, .a first inner metallic sleeve or inner liner 12, and a second outer metallic sleeve or outer liner -l4.
  • the plastic jacket 10 comprises a heat shrinkable material, such as polyethylene, which is heat shrunk onto the outer sleeve il-4 when the components are assembled during manufacture.
  • the inner liner or inner sleeve 12 is comparatively thin with respect to the outer liner 14 and is constructed of hard spring-like material such as tincoated spring-tempered Phosphor bronze.
  • the inner surface of the sleeve 12 is provided with a plurality of inturned elongated perforations 20 extending transverse to the axial direction of the sleeve.
  • the latter format each long edge of each perforation a number of substantially flat and aligned sawtooth protuberances or tangs 22 that project transverse to the plane of the perforation.
  • the protuberances 22 from a series of contiguous knife-like edges, of sawtooth shape.
  • Each perforation 20 and its protuberances 22 are formed in the sleeve 12, when it is still in a flat condition, by the sawtooth cutting tool 23 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • this tool 23 is made of two members M1 and M2 whose zigzag surfaces mate.
  • the tool pierces the metal of the sleeve 1-2 with respective points 24 as it moves downwardly against the metal.
  • Horizontally supporting the metal is a suitable die 25 having a slot 26 wider than thethickness (shown as tin FIG. 4) and is aligned with the tool.
  • the resulting tangs are of a substantially flat sawtooth shape in alignment with each other and having substantially straight bases which impart very little curvature about their vertical axes.
  • the connector CON is assembled by placing the inner liner 12 into the soft outer liner 14 and heat shrinking the insulating plastic jacket about the outer liner.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a suitable tool 40 which is the well known typeof pressing tool with jaws 42 and44 on which are mounted pressing dies 46 and 48 that press the assembled connector therein onto the conductors 16 and 18.
  • the tool 40 presses the connector after leads 16 and 18 have been placed therein so as to contact the tangs 22 with the metal cores in the conductors 16 and 18.
  • the dies 46 and 48 have a tapered configuration to impart to the conductor CON, placed therebet'ween, a varying closure; that is, closed tighter at the closed end than at the open end into which the conductors -16 and 18 have been placed.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the relative position of the components ofthe connector CON and the conductors l6 and 18 placed therein before deformation.
  • the jacket 10 and sleeves 12 and 14 now have a substantially uniform diameter, and the tangs or protuberances 22 are in spaced relation with respect to the conductors 16 and 18 of which only 16 is discussed for convenience.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the effect of subjecting the connector CON to deformation by the tool 40 shown in FIG. 5. Compression between the jaws 42 and 44 results in rupturing the insulation on the conductor 16 and subsequent bit-. ing into the metallic conductor as shown with varying degrees of closure due to the tapered structure of the embracing dies. 1
  • the dies 46 and 48 permanently press the sleeve -14 by! plastic flow, which sleeve in its pressed condition restricts spring-back of the elastically deformed sleeve 12 of spring material.
  • FIG. 8 Inspection of FIG. 8 will reveal that the tangs 22 at the closed end of the connector CON having the tighter closure bite quite far into the conductor 16. It is possible that such a bite may accidentally pass through the conductor and sever it.
  • the tapered configuration of the dies 46 and 48 and the varying closure produced thereby assures that such severing, if it occurs, is restricted to the very tip of conductor 16 within the closed end of the connector CON.
  • the elongated perforations 20 assure straight bases for the tangs 22 and minimize curvature of the sawtooth tangs about their upright axis. Any curvature is lirnited substantially to axes parallel to the metal of sleeve 12 due to curling during formation of the tangs. However, since such curvature does not stiffen the tangs in opposition to force from the direction in which they point, this curling has few, if any, undesirable consequences.
  • tangs are made with comparatively simple 'dies whose slots can be considerably longer than the width w in FIG. 3 of the piercing tools 23 'with which they register.
  • the die may consist merely of two mechanically spaced members whose spacing may be adjusted to determine the angle assumed by the planes of the tangs relative to the surface of an unused connector. This contrasts with the complex dies necessary to produce the square perforations illustrated in the Graff et al. patent.
  • the tangs are placed across the inner sleeve 12 in extended rows of contiguous edges.
  • the likelihood of a tang in each row biting into a conductor inserted into the sleeve 12 is considerably increased.
  • this sawtooth pattern produced by the punch 23 which displaces the tangs on one edge of each perforation from the tangs at the other edge, this probability is increased even further.
  • the distances or webs 50 between perforations are made comparatively large relative to the metal thickness. Because the tangs and webs are integrally formed from hard metal, the force on the tangs when the sleeve 12 is pressed will also deflect the web by arching it inwardly. This arching is shown most clearly in FIG. 8. A longer web can be elastically deflected over a longer distance than a short web. This, together with the flat bases of the tangs, increases the ability of the tangs to recover elastically through long excursion. Large webs are impractical with the tangs disclosed in the above-mentioned Graff et al. patent because the distances between the perforations must be small enough to establish the probability of many tangs contacting a conductor.
  • Still another advantage of the connector according to the invention resides in the uniformity of tang sizes readily obtainable. Such uniformity prevent undesirably long tangs from inadvertently severing conductors when the connector is pressed, and at the same time assures that all the tangs are long enough to penetrate the insulation and contact the conductors. Such uniformity was difiicult to obtain on a commercially acceptable basis in connectors of the type illustrated in the Graff ct al. patent. Because of the intricacy and high cost of square dies and guides for square punches, it was inconvenient to produce the square perforations illustrated in the Gratr' et al. patent.
  • liners 12 and 14 be made Hat and open to receive and hold sheet conductors.
  • a deformable electrical connector for establishing contact with an insulated conductor, comprising an inner liner of relatively hard spring-like conductive material, an outer cover of relatively soft material, and a plurality of flat protuberanccs extending inwardly from said liner, said protubcrances being aligned in separate rows each having major components transverse to the axis of said later, said protuberances in each row having respective elongated bases aligned with each other and with the row, said liner having perforations forming therebe'tween webs of liner material supporting said protuberances, each of said perforations defining an edge extending along all the aligned bases of the aligned protuberances of one of said rows for urging the web at adjacent ones of said protuberances in a row to arch in substantially the same direction in response to force applied by a conductor upon any protuberance in a row when said outer liner is deformed about a conductor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
US384894A 1964-07-24 1964-07-24 Connector for insulated conductors Expired - Lifetime US3265807A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL130146D NL130146B (de) 1964-07-24
US384894A US3265807A (en) 1964-07-24 1964-07-24 Connector for insulated conductors
DE19651590990 DE1590990A1 (de) 1964-07-24 1965-07-10 Verbinder fuer elektrische Leiter
ES315840A ES315840A1 (es) 1964-07-24 1965-07-19 Dispositivo conectador para sujetar y unir conductores electricos aislados.
CH1009165A CH436416A (de) 1964-07-24 1965-07-19 Verbinder für isolierte elektrische Leitungen
GB30743/65A GB1114744A (en) 1964-07-24 1965-07-20 Electrical connectors
NL6509372A NL6509372A (de) 1964-07-24 1965-07-20
AT671965A AT263885B (de) 1964-07-24 1965-07-21 Verbinder für isolierte elektrische Leitungen
BE667265D BE667265A (de) 1964-07-24 1965-07-22
FR25877A FR1441209A (fr) 1964-07-24 1965-07-23 Connecteur pour conducteurs isolés

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US384894A US3265807A (en) 1964-07-24 1964-07-24 Connector for insulated conductors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3265807A true US3265807A (en) 1966-08-09

Family

ID=23519187

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US384894A Expired - Lifetime US3265807A (en) 1964-07-24 1964-07-24 Connector for insulated conductors

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3265807A (de)
AT (1) AT263885B (de)
BE (1) BE667265A (de)
CH (1) CH436416A (de)
DE (1) DE1590990A1 (de)
ES (1) ES315840A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1441209A (de)
GB (1) GB1114744A (de)
NL (2) NL6509372A (de)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3372227A (en) * 1966-09-21 1968-03-05 Kenneth C. Allison Electrical connector unit
US3405385A (en) * 1966-02-02 1968-10-08 Western Electric Co Quick connect solderless wire connector
US3507977A (en) * 1968-12-04 1970-04-21 Superior Continental Corp Connectors filled with polyethylene grease
US3514527A (en) * 1967-12-04 1970-05-26 Thomas & Betts Corp Insulation piercing connector
US3515795A (en) * 1967-12-14 1970-06-02 Thomas & Betts Corp Connector for electrical conductors with deformable side panels for contact with such conductors
US3536626A (en) * 1968-02-14 1970-10-27 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Compositions for filling electrical connectors of mineral oil,polyethylene,petroleum resin and dioctyl sebacate
US3539708A (en) * 1968-03-06 1970-11-10 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Electrical connector and apparatus and method for making same
US3728665A (en) * 1970-10-26 1973-04-17 Thomas & Betts Corp Electrical connector
US3790917A (en) * 1968-02-01 1974-02-05 J Ray Strip method
US3814836A (en) * 1971-09-20 1974-06-04 Nat Telephone And Supply Co Connector for insulated conductors
DE3634099A1 (de) * 1986-10-07 1988-04-21 Schwabe Gmbh Elektrische verbindungs- oder anschlussklemme
US4907623A (en) * 1986-09-05 1990-03-13 Plastics Tubes Company Heat-shrinkable insulating tube
US5385483A (en) * 1993-10-13 1995-01-31 Lin; Tse H. Connector device
US5814769A (en) * 1995-11-28 1998-09-29 Karlstroem; Anders Ribbon cable with shielded connection
US5828005A (en) * 1995-11-01 1998-10-27 Raychem Corporation Gel-filled closure
US5925850A (en) * 1997-09-05 1999-07-20 Park; Mike K. Electrical outlet, switch and junction boxs
US5936200A (en) * 1997-09-05 1999-08-10 Park; Mike K. Easy junction box

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3997233A (en) * 1976-02-19 1976-12-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Flat conductor cable connector
FR2440090A1 (fr) * 1978-10-27 1980-05-23 Souriau & Cie Connecteur pour raccordement sans denudage de cables conducteurs electriques et outil de sertissage pour un tel connecteur
US4600804A (en) * 1985-02-06 1986-07-15 Raychem Corporation Crimp connector having gel between envelope and crimp body
DE102011077888B4 (de) * 2011-06-21 2016-10-13 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Verfahren zur Konfektionierung einer Leitung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3064072A (en) * 1960-06-10 1962-11-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Connector for insulated conductors
US3137925A (en) * 1959-05-29 1964-06-23 Amp Inc Method of splicing insulated conductors

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3137925A (en) * 1959-05-29 1964-06-23 Amp Inc Method of splicing insulated conductors
US3064072A (en) * 1960-06-10 1962-11-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Connector for insulated conductors

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3405385A (en) * 1966-02-02 1968-10-08 Western Electric Co Quick connect solderless wire connector
US3372227A (en) * 1966-09-21 1968-03-05 Kenneth C. Allison Electrical connector unit
US3514527A (en) * 1967-12-04 1970-05-26 Thomas & Betts Corp Insulation piercing connector
US3515795A (en) * 1967-12-14 1970-06-02 Thomas & Betts Corp Connector for electrical conductors with deformable side panels for contact with such conductors
US3790917A (en) * 1968-02-01 1974-02-05 J Ray Strip method
US3536626A (en) * 1968-02-14 1970-10-27 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Compositions for filling electrical connectors of mineral oil,polyethylene,petroleum resin and dioctyl sebacate
US3539708A (en) * 1968-03-06 1970-11-10 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co Electrical connector and apparatus and method for making same
US3507977A (en) * 1968-12-04 1970-04-21 Superior Continental Corp Connectors filled with polyethylene grease
US3728665A (en) * 1970-10-26 1973-04-17 Thomas & Betts Corp Electrical connector
US3814836A (en) * 1971-09-20 1974-06-04 Nat Telephone And Supply Co Connector for insulated conductors
US4907623A (en) * 1986-09-05 1990-03-13 Plastics Tubes Company Heat-shrinkable insulating tube
DE3634099A1 (de) * 1986-10-07 1988-04-21 Schwabe Gmbh Elektrische verbindungs- oder anschlussklemme
US5385483A (en) * 1993-10-13 1995-01-31 Lin; Tse H. Connector device
US5828005A (en) * 1995-11-01 1998-10-27 Raychem Corporation Gel-filled closure
US5814769A (en) * 1995-11-28 1998-09-29 Karlstroem; Anders Ribbon cable with shielded connection
US5925850A (en) * 1997-09-05 1999-07-20 Park; Mike K. Electrical outlet, switch and junction boxs
US5936200A (en) * 1997-09-05 1999-08-10 Park; Mike K. Easy junction box

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE667265A (de) 1965-11-16
FR1441209A (fr) 1966-06-03
ES315840A1 (es) 1966-03-01
AT263885B (de) 1968-08-12
GB1114744A (en) 1968-05-22
DE1590990A1 (de) 1970-04-16
NL130146B (de)
NL6509372A (de) 1966-01-25
CH436416A (de) 1967-05-31

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