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US3234991A - Fuel-oil evaporation burners - Google Patents

Fuel-oil evaporation burners Download PDF

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Publication number
US3234991A
US3234991A US356907A US35690764A US3234991A US 3234991 A US3234991 A US 3234991A US 356907 A US356907 A US 356907A US 35690764 A US35690764 A US 35690764A US 3234991 A US3234991 A US 3234991A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bowl
burner
wall
oil
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US356907A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fischbach Manfred
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3234991A publication Critical patent/US3234991A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
    • F23D11/443—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by the main burner flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2700/00—Special arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
    • F23C2700/02—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel
    • F23C2700/026—Combustion apparatus using liquid fuel with pre-vaporising means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to evaporation burners for fueloil, and more particularly to such burners in which the combustible mixture is formed in a burner bowl, to which the fuel and air are fed in the desired amounts. It has already been proposed in burners of this type to close the bowl by a burner head element which permits only annular gaps through which the mixture of fuel and air escapes from the bowl and consists of a cover plate, and spaced ring shaped disks which impart a predetermined length to the gaps in the direction of the fuel flow and are designed to ensure that combustion takes place only outside the bowl, that is to say to prevent the flame from backfiring into the bowl.
  • Burners of the known type must therefore be of sufficient dimensions that is to say, have heat-conductive sections of suflicient size if it is desired to achieve a noiseless flame without an excess of .air.
  • Such burners are neither desirable or suitable for the normal heating apparatus.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a burner in which the said disadvantages are minimised.
  • a fuel oil evaporation burner comprises a burner bowl closed by a cover and having a hole in its base, an inlet aperture in the bowl wall through which fuel-oil and air enter the bowl, a wall surrounding the hole and provided with a gap between it and the bowl cover through which the fuel and air mixture pass to said hole, a burner head element having annular spaces therethrough mounted beneath the bowl, and a cover beneath the burner element with a wall at least partly surrounding said element, whereby air and oil enter the bowl, mix in the bowl after the oil evaporates therein, pass through said hole and said spaces in the element and burn on the outer portion of said element so that the burner flame warms the bowl to engender vaporisation of the oil in the bowl.
  • the burner of the invention has a bowl base which necessitates a high temperature to ensure evaporation of fueloil without leaving any trace of residual matter, since it is disposed in the flame which plays against it directly. In this way the bottom of the bowl can be raised to any desired temperature.
  • cast-iron which is economical yet of low heat conductivity may be used as the heat is transmitted direct.
  • the bowl can no longer be influenced by the temperature of the walls of the combustion chamber.
  • the flame emerges from beneath the bowl, the heating gases lap against practically the entire height of the combustion chamber so that the entire heating surface is uniformly subjected to the heat. In this manner there is uniformity in the loading of the heating surface which increases the thermal eificiency.
  • the actual burner flame in this connection is short and hot. It is not necessary to embed the burner in fireclay muffles as in the case of diffusion burners. The short flame makes it possible to keep the firing chamber of the heated apparatus small.
  • the conventional chimneyflue can also be dispensed with, which in turn makes it possible to reduce considerably the temperatures of the exhaust gases, thereby improving the thermal efiiciency considerably.
  • a burner according to the invention the connections for the air feed are fitted on the burner bowl at the side.
  • the usual obstructing covers of the mixing chamber which necessitate an excess of air reducing the thermal efliciency are not required.
  • bellows to supply the air of combustion which produce less pressure and in consequence create less noise than conventionally required.
  • the volume of air on the contrary is unlimited and burners can thus be made with higher outputs.
  • burners of the invention Whilst known burners can operate only in the on or off position burners of the invention may be variable in operation.
  • the temperature of the hot water or the hot air of a heating unit can thus determine by means of a thermostat at which output the burner is to operate.
  • the burner flame will not backfire inwards into the evaporation chamber of the bowl.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross section through the burner
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan view of the bowl with the cover removed.
  • the burner bowl 1 has a bottom 2 and a jacket 3.
  • the round and preferably cast-iron bowl is closed on top by a removable lid 4.
  • a connection 5 is cast with the jacket 3 and a combustion air feed tube 6 and a fuel-oil feedpipe 7 are disposed therein.
  • the open top of the connection 5 is closed by a removable lid 8.
  • Electric supply leads 9 of electric heating elements 10 in the bowl base are accessible through the lid 8.
  • the leads 9, electric ignition leads (not shown) are easily accessible and the burner flame inspection as well as other regulating operations may be easily carried out.
  • the oil feed is completely protected in the air feed tube and the constant air circulation prevents the oil from solidifying in the tube and obstructing the oil feed pipe.
  • the oil feed pipe slopes downwardly so that when the burner is switched off it empties into the burner bowl.
  • the end 11 of the tube 7 is formed as an open channel and is bent over at an obtuse angle to the wall 3 of the bowl, its open end being above a channel 12 in the evaporation surface 13 of the base 2.
  • This has the advantage of preventing the oil in the tube 7 from evaporating and enables any vapour bubbles forming in it to escape freely.
  • the channel 12 and the evaporating surface 13 themselves slope downwardly so that the oil continues to flow until it is finally evaporated. It was found that in this way the oil could be effectively prevented from solidifying in the channel. Also the channel can be disposed above the immediate influence of the burner flame.
  • the end of the evaporation surface 13 is bounded by a baflle plate 14 which aids the mixing of the air and the oil vapour.
  • a hole 15 in the middle of the base 2 is surrounded by a flange 16 extending over its part 17 (bottom of FIGURE 2) almost up to the cover 4.
  • the part 18 of the flange 16 (FIGURE 2) is not so high and in consequence leaves a gap 19 through which the mixture of air and fuel passes through the flange 16.
  • the higher part 17 of the flange is joined to the wall 3 by a wall 20 lying obliquely to the direction in which the combustion air enters as it flows out of the connection 5. This air is compelled by the wall 20 and the flange 16 to move in an are round the vertical central axis of the bowl, before it can enter the hole 15 through the gap 19 between the lower part 18 of the flange and the lid 4.
  • the oil vapour developed in the bowl is entrained by the combustion air, being mixed therewith.
  • a flange 21 is cast on to the bottom of the bowl 2, surrounding the hole 15.
  • the burner head element is fitted on the flange beneath the bowl.
  • This burner head element consists of a cover plate 22 designed in the shape of a cowl, that is to say it has a tapered wall 23 and several ring shaped disks 24 in spaced relationship to each other, so that gaps 25 are formed between these disks and the cover plate 22 through which the mixture of fuel flows out.
  • the cover plate 22 and the disks 24 are secured to the flange 21 by several threaded bolts 26, distance pieces or wire lugs or nipples 27 being used to ensure that the disks are spaced from each other.
  • the disks 24 may have profiled parts 28 on their inner periphery or they may be cylindrical.
  • the method of operation of the burner is as follows:
  • the combustion air is supplied to the burner from a bellows, through the pipe 6 and the fuel-oil is led by an oil regulator through the tube 7, the quantities of oil and air mixed being regulated by known means so that the optimum conditions of combustion are attained for every size of flame.
  • the bottom 2 and its evaporating surface 13 are heated sufiiciently by the elements to cause the oil fed at the beginning to be immediately evaporated.
  • the air as it enters mixes with the oil vapours.
  • the mixture of fuel and air so formed then passes through the gap 19 in the flange 16 and passes through the hole in the base entering the burner head element, where it passes through the individual gaps 25 and emerges on the periphery of the disks 24.
  • the gas as it emerges ignites on the outside of the disks in the characteristic cuniform shape peculair to a gas flame and the blue gas flame surrounding the cone, guided by the wall 23 burns upwards.
  • the flame fiercely heats the evaporation surface 13 and also the wall 3 thereby ensuring the continued evaporation of the oil.
  • the elements 10 can be switched off after the flame has ignited.
  • a fuel evaporation burner comprising a burner bowl, a lid closing the bowl, an air and an oil inlet in the wall of the bowl, a base of the bowl having a hole therein, a wall surrounding said hole, a gap in said surrounding wall beneath said lid, a dividing wall and a baflle spaced therefrom dividing the chamber formed by the wall of the bowl and the surrounding wall to form an oil evaporation zone, a downwardly sloping channel in the outer periphery of the base of said chamber forming an evaporation surface, a burner head element mounted beneath the bowl and having annular spaces extending therethrough, a cover beneath said head element, and a wall surrounding said cover and at least part of said element, such that the oil evaporates in the bowl and mixing with the air passes through said gap, said hole and the spaces and burns on the outside of said element, the flame warming the bottom of the bowl to engender vaporisation of the fuel-oil therein.
  • a burner according to claim 1 wherein the air-oil inlet comprises a chamber connected to the bowl and is covered by a lid.
  • a burner according to claim 1 wherein the baffle is mounted on the base of the bowl in the path of the air of combustion therethrough.
  • a fuel evaporation burner comprising a burner bowl, a lid closing the bowl, an air and an oil inlet in the wall of the bowl, a hole in the base of the bowl, a wall surrounding said hole, a gap in said surrounding wall beneath said lid, a dividing wall and a bafile spaced therefrom dividing the chamber formed by the wall of the bowl and the surrounding wall to form an oil evaporation zone, a downwardly sloping channel in the outer periphery of the base of said chamber forming an evaporation surface, a burner head element having a plurality of spaced superposed disks each with a profiled inner periphery mounted beneath the bowl, a cover beneath said head element and a wall surrounding said cover and at least part of said element, such that the oil evaporates in the bowl and mixing with the air passes through said gap, said hole and the spaces and burns on the outside of said element, the flame warming the bottom of the bowl to engender vaporisation of the fuel-oil therein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
US356907A 1963-04-09 1964-04-02 Fuel-oil evaporation burners Expired - Lifetime US3234991A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEF0039440 1963-04-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3234991A true US3234991A (en) 1966-02-15

Family

ID=7097770

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US356907A Expired - Lifetime US3234991A (en) 1963-04-09 1964-04-02 Fuel-oil evaporation burners

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3234991A (de)
AT (1) AT243464B (de)
BE (1) BE646192A (de)
CH (1) CH414910A (de)
DE (1) DE1451365A1 (de)
DK (1) DK109349C (de)
GB (1) GB997563A (de)
NL (1) NL6403738A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3495576A (en) * 1966-09-16 1970-02-17 Rudolf Gysi Complete soot-free combustion of liquid fuel
US3576382A (en) * 1969-02-25 1971-04-27 Harald Finnstrand Fuel burner

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS582323B2 (ja) * 1976-06-09 1983-01-17 三菱電機株式会社 液体燃料燃焼装置

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE526089A (de) *
US499720A (en) * 1893-06-20 Joseph darby
US2058652A (en) * 1935-11-16 1936-10-27 George W Wilson Oil burner
US2069960A (en) * 1933-12-08 1937-02-09 Universal Oil Burner Company I Apparatus for burning liquid fuel
US2445302A (en) * 1943-12-24 1948-07-13 Clarkson Alick Apparatus for burning liquid fuel
US2458630A (en) * 1945-09-26 1949-01-11 Palko Andrew Pan type oil gasifying burner
US3035633A (en) * 1959-09-14 1962-05-22 Palko Andrew Oil burner
US3102577A (en) * 1960-04-05 1963-09-03 Dekker Arien Crude-oil burners

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE526089A (de) *
US499720A (en) * 1893-06-20 Joseph darby
US2069960A (en) * 1933-12-08 1937-02-09 Universal Oil Burner Company I Apparatus for burning liquid fuel
US2058652A (en) * 1935-11-16 1936-10-27 George W Wilson Oil burner
US2445302A (en) * 1943-12-24 1948-07-13 Clarkson Alick Apparatus for burning liquid fuel
US2458630A (en) * 1945-09-26 1949-01-11 Palko Andrew Pan type oil gasifying burner
US3035633A (en) * 1959-09-14 1962-05-22 Palko Andrew Oil burner
US3102577A (en) * 1960-04-05 1963-09-03 Dekker Arien Crude-oil burners

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3495576A (en) * 1966-09-16 1970-02-17 Rudolf Gysi Complete soot-free combustion of liquid fuel
US3576382A (en) * 1969-02-25 1971-04-27 Harald Finnstrand Fuel burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE646192A (de) 1964-07-31
DE1451365A1 (de) 1969-01-16
CH414910A (de) 1966-06-15
GB997563A (en) 1965-07-07
DK109349C (da) 1968-04-16
AT243464B (de) 1965-11-10
NL6403738A (de) 1964-10-12

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