Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
  • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
  • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
  • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase

Definitions

• nitroglycerin i.e. explosive oil generally of the nitric acid ester type
• nitroglycerin i.e. explosive oil generally of the nitric acid ester type
• emulsifying auxiliary agents Nevertheless, independently of the type of production procedure, the nitroglycerin-water-emulsion must possess as a prime condition, the ability to be safely transported in a manner that the preparation no longer possesses an explosive character, i.e. such preparation must no longer be capable of propagating a detonative conversion initiated at a given place.
• the various known emulsions include both oil-in-water and water-in-oil type emulsions.
• Other and further objects of the invention will become apparent from a study of the within specification and accompanying examples.
• a detonatable explosive emulsion preparation which comprises a water-in-oil emulsion of water, an emulsifier, and an explosive component, whereby safety in transport will be possible as well as effective explosive force at the point of controlled detonation.
• the water-in-oil emulsion may contain up to 72% water whereas the emulsifier may be present in an amount of from about 0.05 to 5% by weight based upon the total emulsion preparation, and preferably in an amount of about 1% by weight.
• a stabilizer for the explosive component may be optionally included in the emulsion preparation, as for example collodion cotton (normally used for explosives) with a priming cap #8.
• polyvinylacetate e.g., with about 20 monomers in the chain.
• the explosive component of the preparation may be in the form of a liquid or a fused compound, such at nitroglycerin or trinitrotoluene.
• the emulsifier used in the preparation in accordance with the invention may be an ionic or non-ionic substance.
• the ionic substance may be a metal salt of a long-chain fatty acid, and more particularly a member selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth-, magnesium-, aluminumand zinc-salts of parafiin fatty acids, oleic acid, parafiin oxy-fatty acids, abietic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• the nonionic emulsifier may include a member selected from the group consisting of glycerin-stearates, abietic acid derivatives, polyglycol ethers of ethylene oxide, adducts of higher fatty amines and ethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohols, esters of long-chain fatty acids and highef alcohols, and mixtures thereof.
• the present invention contemplates an aqueous emulsion capable of detonation in which the aqueous phase is emulsified in the form of fine droplets in the explosive component.
• the Water-in-oil emulsion is produced actually with the aid of emulsifiers of water and liquid or fused explosive components.
• the explosive component may be liquid or solid, suitably, the explosive component must be fusible, eg a fusible oil or a fusible solid.
• the particular emulsion preparation may be carried out in the conventional manner using the emulsifiers as they are added for the production of water-in-oil emulsions of the normal type.
• the specific ionic emulsifier substances which may be used include the alkaline earth-, magnesium-, aluminumand zinc-salts of the paraffin fatty acids, oleic acid and the long-chain oxyacids such as the lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum and zinc salts of stearic acid, palmetic acid, oxy-stearic acid, oleic acid, and other long-chain carboxylic acids, etc.
• the non-ionic emulsifier substances may include, as aforesaid, glycerin stearates, abietic acid, and abietic acid derivatives, such as alkyl esters and metal salts, polyglycol-ether of ethylene oxide, adducts of higher fatty amines and ethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohols, and esters of long-chain fatty acids with higher alcohols, such as lanolin, etc.
• water-in-oil emulsions of the foregoing type may contain up to 72% water, with the emulsifier substance concentration ranging between 0.05 and 5%, preferably about 1%, based upon the emulsion, it is still possible to vary within a wide range the qauntity of water actually contained in the emulsion.
• a stabilizer such as, for example collodion-cotton.
• a water-in-oil emulsion is produced from 50 cc. nitroglycerine (explosive oil) representing a mixture of 60 parts nitroglycerin and 40 parts nitroglycol, 55 cc. waiter and As stabilizer, 0.5 gram collodion-cotton are added.
• This aqueous emulsion is capable of detonation and exhibited in the lead-lock test according to Trauzl in a quantity of 10 grams, a bulging of 225 cubic centimeters, the emulsion being detonated It is quite clear from this example that the foregoing water-in-oil emulsion absolutely possesses the character of an explosive.
• EXAMPLE 3 In accordance with the procedure of Example 1, a water-in-oil-emulsion of 50' cc. nitroglycerin (explosive oil), 50 cc. water, 0.5 gram magnesium-oleate, and 0.3 gram collodion-cotton showed a lead-block bulging of 220 cubic centimeters.
• EXAMPLE 4 Using the procedure of Example 1, a water-in-oil emulsion of 75 cc. nitroglycerin (explosive oil), 25 cc. water, 0.5 :gram calcium-stearate and 2 grams collodioncotton, a lead-block bulging of 415 cubic centimeters was obtained.
• EXAMPLE 5 In accordance with the procedure of Example 1, using a water-in-oil emulsion of 45 cc. nitroglycerin (explosive oil), 55 cc. water, 0.5 gram zinc stearate, and 2 grams collodion-cotton, a lead-block bulging of 215 cubic centimeters was obtained.
• EXAMPLE 6 In accordance with the procedure of Example 1, using a water-in-oil emulsion of 40 cc. nitroglycerin (explosive oil), 60 cc. water, 0.5 gram polyglycol monostearyl ether (Peregal O) and 2 grams collodion-cotton, a lead-block bulging of 110 cubic centimeters was obtained.
• EXAMPLE 7 In accordance with the procedure of Example 1, using a water-in-oil emulsion of 35 cc. nitroglycerin (explosive oil), 65 cc. water, 0.5 gram long-chain fatty acid of a higher alcohol (lanolin) and 1 gram collodion-cotton, a lead-block bulging of 75 cu. centimeters was obtained.
• a water-in-oil emulsion of 35 cc. nitroglycerin (explosive oil), 65 cc. water, 0.5 gram long-chain fatty acid of a higher alcohol (lanolin) and 1 gram collodion-cotton was obtained.
• EXAMPLE 8 In accordance with the procedure of Example 1, using a water-in-oil emulsion of 30 cc. nitroglycerin (explosive oil), 70 cc. water, 0.6 gram zinc-12-oxy-stearate and 1 gram collodion-cotton, a lead-block bulging of 25 cu. centimeters was obtained.
• EXAMPLE 9 At 90 degrees C., various TNTH O-emulsi0ns were produced using an addition of 0.5% collodion-cotton and 1% calcium stearate.
• the trinitrotoluene (TNT)-water emulsions so prepared were poured into cardboard tubes having an inside diameter of 30 mm. After cooling, stable solid emulsions were obtained which were placed on lead slabs of 6 mm. thickness and tested by ignition with pressed tetryl (trinitrophenylmethylnitramine) at a dosage of 25 grams to determine the detonation capacity of the particular emulsions.
• the following table indicates the results obtained:
• the great advantage of the emulsions capable of detonation, as produced in accordance with the present invention is the fact that the consistency of the mixtures of ingredients may be varied almost at random.
• preparations may be obtained which are pourable, creamy, foamy, syrupy, pulpy, gelatinous, pasty, fat-like or wax-like, brittle or massive solid masses. Because of these characteristics, the emulsion preparations produced in accordance with the invention are capable of detonation under the desired conditions but are safe in transport, rendering them widely applicable in explosion practice.
• emulsion preparations in accordance with the invent-ion have characteristics of impact (percussion) sensitiveness, and friction sensitiveness which may be varied within wide limits depending upon the amount of water added to the emulsion. These properties could not have been expected, since nitroglycerin is an explosive oil which is present in the emulsion as an undivided phase.
• a gelatin preparation of cc. nitroglycerin (explosive oil) (60/40), 1 gram collodioncotton and 0.5 gram zinc-l2-oxy stearate may be detonated under a drop hammer according to Kast (Posts Chemisch-Techniscke Analyse, 3rd Ed. (1909), vol. II, No.
• Detonatable explosive emulsion preparation which consists essentially of a water-in-oil emulsion of water, an emulsifier, and nitroglycerine, and additionally containing a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of collodion cotton and polyvinyl acetate, said water being present in an amount between about 21 and 72% by weight, said emulsifier being present in an amount between about 0.05 and 5% by weight and said stabilizer being present in an amount between about 0.3 and 2 grams per 100 cc.
• emulsifier being selected from the group consisting of glycerine-stearates, alkyl esters of abietic acid, metal salts of abietic acid, polyglycol ethers of ethylene oxide, adducts of higher fatty amines and ethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohols, esters of long chain fatty acids and higher alcohols, mixtures of the foregoing, and metal salts of long chain fatty acids.
• Detonatable explosive emulsion preparation which consists essentially of a water-in-oil emulsion of water, an emulsifier, and nitroglycol, and additionally containing a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of collodion cotton and polyvinyl acetate, said water being present in an amount between about 21 and 72% by Weight, said emulsifier being present in an amount between about 0.05 and 5% by weight and said stabilizer being present in an amount between about 0.3 and 2 grams per 100 cc.
• said emulsifier being selected from the group consisting of glycerine-stearates, alkyl esters of abietic acid, metal salts of abietic acid, polyglycol ethers of ethylene oxide, adducts of higher fatty amines and ethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohols, esters of long chain fatty acids and higher alcohol-s, mixtures of the foregoing, and metal salts of long chain fatty acids.
• Detonatable explosive emulsion preparation which consists essentially of a water-in-oil emulsion of water, an emulsifier, and trinitrotoluene, and additionally containing a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of collodion cotton and polyvinyl acetate, said water being present in an amount between about 21 and 72% by weight, said emulsifier being present in an amount between about 0.05 and 5% by weight and said stabilizer being present in an amount between about 0.3 and 2 grams per 100 cc.
• said emulsifier being selected from the group consisting of glycerine-ste-arates, alkyl esters of abietic acid, metal salts of abietic acid, polyglycol ethers of ethylene oxide, adducts of higher fatty amines and ethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohols, esters of long chain fatty acids and higher alcohols, mixtures of the foregoing, and metal salts of long chain fatty acids.
• Detonatable explosive emulsion preparation which consists essentially of a water-in-oil emulsion of water, an emulsifier, and nitroglycerine, said water being present in an amount between about 21 and 72% by weight and said emulsifier being present in an amount between about 0.05 and 5% by weight, and said emulsifier being selected from the group consisting of glycerine-stearates, alkyl esters of abietic acid, metal salts of abietic acid, polyglycol ethers of ethylene oxide, adducts of higher fatty amines and ethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohols, esters of long chain fatty acids and higher alcohols, mixtures of the foregoing, and metal salts of long chain fatty acids.
• Detonatable explosive emulsion preparation which consists essentially of a water-in-oil emulsion of water, an emulsifier, and nitroglycol, said water being present in an amount between about 21 and 72% by weight and said emulsifier being present in an amount between about 0.05 and 5% by weight, and said emulsifier being selected from the group consisting of glycerine-stearates, alkyl esters of abietic acid, metal salts of abietic acid, polyglycol ethers of ethylene oxide, adducts of higher fatty amines and ethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohols, esters of long chain fatty acids and higher alcohols, mixtures of the foregoing, and metal salts of Ion-g chain fatty acids.
• Detonatable explosive emulsion preparation which consists essentially of a water-in-oil emulsion of Water, an emulsifier and trinitroto luene, said 'water being present in an amount between about 21 and 72% by weight and said emulsifier being present in an amount between about 0.05 and 5% by weight, and said emulsifier being selected from the group consisting of glycerine-stearates, alkyl esters of abietic acid, metal salts of abietic acid, polyglycol ethers of ethylene oxide, adducts of higher fatty amines and ethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohols, esters of long chain fatty acids and higher alcohols, mixtures of the foregoing, and metal salts of long chain fatty acids.

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• 1961
  • 1961-03-14 DE DED35646A patent/DE1123963B/de active Pending
• 1962
  • 1962-02-08 BE BE613665A patent/BE613665A/fr unknown
  • 1962-03-06 GB GB8693/62A patent/GB984636A/en not_active Expired
  • 1962-03-13 US US179491A patent/US3231437A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1962-11-30 CH CH114362A patent/CH438124A/de unknown

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