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US3216186A - Modified cross section yarn - Google Patents

Modified cross section yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3216186A
US3216186A US28032163A US3216186A US 3216186 A US3216186 A US 3216186A US 28032163 A US28032163 A US 28032163A US 3216186 A US3216186 A US 3216186A
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Prior art keywords
yarn
lobe
center
curvature
lobes
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James E Opfell
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Honeywell International Inc
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Allied Chemical Corp
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Priority to BE647768D priority Critical patent/BE647768A/xx
Application filed by Allied Chemical Corp filed Critical Allied Chemical Corp
Priority to US28032163 priority patent/US3216186A/en
Priority to DE19641435332 priority patent/DE1435332A1/de
Priority to ES299794A priority patent/ES299794A1/es
Priority to FR974365A priority patent/FR1396092A/fr
Priority to JP2701264A priority patent/JPS4940005B1/ja
Priority to GB2019164A priority patent/GB1028396A/en
Priority to CH627364A priority patent/CH428077A/de
Priority to NL6405399A priority patent/NL6405399A/xx
Priority to US511011A priority patent/US3308221A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3216186A publication Critical patent/US3216186A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/26—Composite fibers made of two or more materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23957—Particular shape or structure of pile
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/298—Physical dimension

Definitions

  • This invention relates to nove1 multifilament thermoplastic yarns having improved visual appearance, and particularly to lustrous yarns of adjustable bulk consisting of a multitude cf crimped continuous filaments of novel cross sectional configuration, and to the production therefrom of tufted carpets.
  • latent bulking characteristics may be imparted to carpet yarns by chemical or physical modifieation which develops mechanical crimping forces during carpet dyeing at elevated temperatures, to improve covering power and resiliency.
  • Yarns having such latent propensity to become bulkier upon exposure to relaxing conditions of elevated temperature and 110 tensile restraint generally undergo a shrinkage with consequent increase in relaxed yarn denier.
  • an excessive amount of yarn shrinkage leads to undesirable lass of pile height, resulting in a matted carpet appearance frequently referred to as pull down.
  • thermoplastlc yarn having -pronounced luster highlights and acceptable processability in carpet tufting operations and which after incorporation into a textile structure, can be treated at elevated temperature so as to develop improved resiliency and covering power.
  • filament cross sectional configurations which possess th1ee lobes having a line 0f symmetry instead of a center of symmetry, and having the particular geometry below defined afford filaments of high bending modulus which, when provided with periodic sites of inter-crystalline strain and disorientation, exhibit a controlled increase in bulk in response to yarn relaxing conditions.
  • a yarn is provided which not only processes well in tufting operations, but rnoreover produces carpet structures of good covering power, resiliency and improved luster highlight.
  • FIG. 1 is a magnified sectional view of a trilobal filament in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a magnified section of a multifilarnent yarn of this invention, -showing how the filaments pack together -by reason of the particular cross section.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a spinneret 1 suitable for producing the multifilament yarn of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows in sectional elevation a typical orifice of the spinneret, consisting of cylindrical inlet pa-ssage 2 leading to a group of three holes 3, forming an isosceles triangle.
  • FIG. 5 i-s an enlarged lan view showing the arrangement of the holes 3 at the base of inlet passage 2, the apex hole of the isosceles triangle being at the center of assage 2.
  • the centers of these holes are indicated at A, B, C to -correspond With the centers of the lobes produced from the respective holes as indicated in FIG. 1.
  • the points A, B, and C represent the Centers of curvature 0f the three individual lobes, the lobes centered at A and C having substantially the same radius of curvature (r); and that centered at B having radius of curvature from /2 to 2 fold r, and preferably about equal to r.
  • the points A", B", and C", etc. define inflection points 0n the circular arc of each lobe.
  • An inverse curvature is found between inflection points A'B' A and C", and B" and C.
  • center of curvature B may be referred to as the center lobe, and the other lobes Will be referred to as pendant lobes.
  • the lines of centers drawn between B and A, and between B and C are essentially equal in length and define the extension f the centers of the pendant lobes from the center of the, center lobe. This distance, for oonvenience of discussion, will hereinafter be referred to merely as the extension.
  • the intersecti-on of the extension lines defines the included angle alpha (u).
  • a trilobal cross-section of a yarn filament as in FIGURE 1 having the three lobes separated by peripheral arcs of inverse curvature which arcs between the center lobe and pendant lobes are essentially identical and have larger radii of inverse curvature than does the arc between two pendant lobes; and wherein the angle (es) is between 80 and 120; the lobe radius, r, is generally, and especially for carpet yarn, in the range from about 5 to about 20 microns; the ratio of lobe radius to extension is between 0.60 and about 1; and the total circular arc A'A", B'B, C'C is between 400 and 800.
  • the cross sections Will vary more or less. I prefer that substantially all filaments of a Single yarn of my invention have cross sections Within the above ranges; and on the average have circular arc of about 400600 and included angle (a), of about 90, and ratio of lobe radius; extension of about 0.81.0 corresponding to the two pendant lobes being formed from overlapping circles and the center lobe being formed from a circle cutting about midway through the overlapping area of the other two circles, the three circles having substantially equal radii.
  • the measurements and geometry of cross sections of filaments in accordance with this invention can be obtained by measuring plmotomicrographs of sections of the filaments, at known magnification.
  • the values referred to herein, unless otherwise specified, are to be understood as being average values, averaged over about 20 filaments of a cross section of a yarn.
  • the preferred carpet yarns of this invention are comtinuous textured multifilament thermoplastic yarns having the above described filament cross section, a total yarn denier between 2,000 and 4,500, individual filament denier between 7 and 25, packaged crimp index between 4% and 11%, and a relaxed crimp index between 8 and 15 percentage units greater than the packaged crimp index.
  • the crimped filaments of carpet yarn of the invention are characterized in having a zig-zag or saw-tooth type of crimp configuration consisting of crimp points between 'otherwise straight portions of filament.
  • the crimp points under polarized light, display a sharply defined strain zone.
  • the frequency of -occurrence of crimp points, and the average 0f the angle B determined by the straight sides (b) at crimp points (a) are definitive of the crimp characteristics of the fibers.
  • the average nurnber of crimp points per unit unextended length of fiber, and the average value of the angle B may be ascertained by mi-croscopic examination.
  • the yarns of this invention Will ordinarily be provided for cornrnercial utilization on convolutely Wound packages such as bobbins, pirns, spools, bearns, and the like.
  • the crimp index of the packaged yarn prior to utilization or subsequent treatment Will be referred to herein as the packaged crimp index.
  • the yarns of this invention will undergo a permanent decrease in the angle B, and thus an increase in crimp index. It has been found that an increase in the crimp index of at least 8 percentage units is required to secure satisfactory resiliency and covering power in carpets, but crimp indexincreases greater than about 15% cause an undesirable matting effect.
  • the increased value of the crimp index may be referred to as the relaxed crimp index.
  • Relaxing conditions useful in increasing the crimp index of the yarns of this invention include conditions of zero yarn tension, elevated temperatures above the second-order glass transition temperature of the yarn, and preferably contact with plasticizing agents. Specific relaxing treatments include exposure of carpets to dry heat or steam, and immersion in bot aqueous scouring baths or dyebaths.
  • Treatment temperatures between 125 C. and 250 C. may be employed for durations of several seconds to an hour, depending upon the nature of the yarn and other factors.
  • Polycapnoamide yarn is especially preferred in the practice of this invention in view of its good response to the relaxing conditions encountered in carpet finishing operations such as dyeing and steaming.
  • the novel cross-sectional configuration of this invention exerts a beneficial moderating eflect on the forces at the filament crimp points which tend to contract the crimp angle upon exposure of the filaments to relaxing conditions.
  • the filaments of this invention having a line of symmetry in their crosssectional configuration, undergo a smaller increase in crimp index upon relaxation than centrally symmetrical filaments having circular, Y-shaped, tri-lobal, or clover leaf configurations, and undergo a greater increase in crimp index than tri-lobal filaments having an angle (u) greater than
  • the trilobal configuration imparts rigidity toward bending, and this rigidity translates into greater resiliency in the carpet structure.
  • the rounded nature of the lobes permits the individual filaments t0 freely pass over one another and thereby intermingle With adjacent filaments to secure greater covering power during carpet after-treatment.
  • the complete absence of straight portions in the cross-sectional configuration facilitate transient compaction of the filament bundle to enable assage through the narrow eye of a tufting needle. lt is surprising that even though the filaments have no flat surfaces, they aflord a degree of luster highlight which surpasses angular, r-ound, or centrally symmetrical trilobal filaments.
  • the yarn product of this invention may in general be prepared by melt extruding a thermoplastic polymer of fiber forrning viscosity downward through spinnerette plates as illustrated in FIGURE 3 of the drawings, centaining orifices as illustrated in FIGURES 4 and 5 of the drawings, consisting essentially of three closely positioned separate circular holes arranged in an isosceles triang'le; and employing spinning conditions such that a cont'rolled 1 degree of coalesence of the three separate extrudate streams occur prior to solidification of the polymer.
  • the degree of coalescence of the three separate extrudates varies depending upon spacing of the three extrudates, spinning temperature, rate of extrusion, rate of extrudate cooling, viscosity of the extruded polymer. It will be appreciated, accordingly, that these factors must be maintained under close control to assure uniform results.
  • Spinning temperature is suitably in the range 250"- 285 C., preferably 255 275 maintained constant by jacketing the pack containing the filter and splnnerette.
  • Extrusion rate is controlled by a precision feed and take-up system, and cooling rate is controlled by a nonturbulent flow of constant temperature, constant humidity gas introduced into the spinning tower, especially air.
  • Polymer viscosity is a highly important factor and should be controlled within 2 units of Formic Acid Relative Viscosity, preferably within 11 unit.
  • suitable polymer viscosities as measured in terms of Formic Acid Relative Viscosity in aqueous 90% formic acid solution of 11 grams of polymer in 100 m1. solvent at 25 C. (ASTM procedure D-789-53T) are between 30 and 75.
  • the polycaproamide should contain not over 0.2% moisture and not over about 2% monomer.
  • the included angle -(a) of the filament cross section of- FIGURE 1 is determined by the corresponding angle between the centers of the three holes in the spinnerette orifice, which accordingly is between 80 and 120, especially about 90.
  • the extruded filaments are taken up under W tension not above about 0.1 gram per denier, to avoid undue stretching. Thereby the natural tendency under these spinning conditions of the molten filaments to thicken contributes to the desired quick, controlled coalescence.
  • a first zone in the spinning tower the freshly extruded filaments are contacted with a non-turbulent counter-current flow of air which causes their solidification at the exterior. This air acts to carry 01T monomer vapors from e.g. polycaproamides, thereby av-oiding later difficulties which would develop from excess quantities of monomer in the polymer.
  • This first zone will generally be about 3 inches to about 1 or 2 feet long, such as to complete or substantially complete the exterior solidification.
  • the filaments Will then pass into a non-turbulent stream of co-currently flowing gas, moving downward with at least twice the volumetric flow rate of the countercurrent stream of gas and Will be further cooled thereby over a length of travel at least five-fold the travel in the co-current gas stream.
  • the yarn thus prepared Will be subjected to drawing Operations, With or without application of heat, which orient the molecules of the polymer and thereby impart improved strength to the yarn.
  • T0 obtain the crimped yarn of my invention
  • the drawn yarn resulting from the above operations is subjected to a crimping operation which imparts to the filaments angular crimps, at temperatures not below 100 C. and not above the heating zone temperatures described below.
  • Suitable crimping processes include stuffer-box methods such as described in Pike U.S. Patents 3,037,260 of Inne 5, 1962 and 3.031,734 of May l, 1962; jet-impingement methods such as described in Hallden et a1.
  • U.S. Patent 3,005,251 of October 24, 1961; belt 01 gear crimping processes such as described by Shattuck U.S. Patent 2751661 of Inne 26, 1956; and other processes analogous thereto.
  • the crimped yarn thus produced is then subjected to a stresslng operation which imparts the latent contraction response properties to the yarn -by a process wherein the crimped yarn is removed from the crimping chamber and cooled in relaxed form; the yarn is then tensioned to straighten it and passed through a heating zone maintained at temperatures above the second order transition temperature of the yarn, and preferably at temperatures within about 50 C. below the polymer melting point.
  • the melting range is about 215225 C.
  • the residence time of the yarn in this stressing zone is generally in the range of about 3 seconds to about 30 seconds.
  • the yarn is subsequently cooled while still under tension such as to maintain its extended form.
  • the stressing process is generally found to afiect an average reduction in the crimp angle, B, of between 5 and 15
  • the yarn may subsequently be twisted, entangled, randomized, or sized prior to packaging.
  • Various finish compositions may be applied to the yarn eitl1er prior or after crimping to facilitate the various textlle operations.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Polycaproamide polymer was used havlng a moisture content of 0.05%0.10%, total constituents extractable by hot water of 1%2%, an lFormic Acid Relative Viscosity of 57.
  • the polymer contained about 0.2% titanium dioxide dulling axx.
  • the polymer was melted in a screw extruder and themelt at 285 C. was'forwarded at a pressure of 1800 p.s.i.g. through a sand filter to a spinnerette plate upon which 70 three-hole orifices were arranged in 2 concentric circles, 30 in a 3 /2 inch diameter circle and 40 in a 4 /2 inch diameter circle, the 3 holes forming an isosceles triangle approximately bisected by the circle.
  • the pack containing the filter and spinnerette was jacketed with high boiling liquid (Dowtherm) held at constant temperature of 257 C.
  • Dowtherm high boiling liquid
  • Bach of the 70 orifices consisted of a cylindrical inlet passage about 1 4 inch deep and %2 inch in diameter, leading to the groups of 3 holes, each of which was about 0.02 inch deep and about 0.014 inch in diameter.
  • the 3 holes of each group formed an isosceles triangle with apex angle of and each leg 0.0165 inch long, leaving a separation of 2.3 mils (0.0023 inch) between the periphery of the center or apex hole, and that o-f each of the outerholes.
  • the f;ace of the spinnerette was coated with a fluid polysiloxane release agent.
  • the throughput was 32.5 lbs./hr. of polymer.
  • the freshly extruded filaments descended a spinning tower into which air at 82 F. and 65% relative humidity was admitted about 8 inches below the spinnerette.
  • the tower was 9 inches in diameter and 15 feet long.
  • a minor portion (about /s) of the entering air was drawn upwa-rd as a neu-turbulent stream in countercurrent contact with the descending filaments; and the major ortion of the entering air floweddownward as a neu-turbulent stream in cocurrent contact with the descending filarnents.
  • the yarn ernerging from the spinning tower contacted a ceramie roll which applied a lubricating finish, and the yarn then passed to a driven roll and was convolutely wound onto a package -at 1850 ft./min. and tension of 90110 grarns.
  • the yarn thus obtained having denier of 4080, was drawn over a inch diameter drawpin at delivery rate 1536 ft./min. which was 3.7 .II1S the feed rate, to secure a drawn yarn denier of 1200 Wherein each of the 70 filaments had a denier of 17.
  • the yarn was passed in 5 wraps over a shoe-type heater maintained at 185190 C. in accordance with Wincklhofer U.S. Patent 2,859,472 of November 11, 1958.
  • the yarn was then subjected to a continuous stulfer box crimping Operation employing apparatus essentially as described in Pike U.S. Patent 3,037,260 of Inne 5, 1962, and process conditions essentially as described in Pike U.S. Patent 3,031,734 of May 1, 1962. Specifically, 60 separate ends of the above prepared yarn, combined into 20 three-end groups, were continuously fed to a preheating chamber containing superheated steam at a temperature of 172 C.
  • the yarn emerging from the preheating chamber, at a temperature of about 140 C. was directly fed as 20 three-end groups to the nip rolls of a crimper operating with a nip roll pressure of 15 p.s.i.g. and an exit gate pressure of 35 p.s.i.g. and maintaining a temperature of about 125 C. in the crimping chamber.
  • the yarn emerging from the stuffer box crimper was then cooled in compacted form to a temperature f 70 C.
  • the 20 three-ply yarns were then separated and continuously forwarded through a stressing chamber containing steam at 1 p.s.i.g. at temperature of 175 C., and wherein the tension on each yarn end was, 775 grams.
  • the residence time of the yarn in the chamber was about 17 seconds.
  • the yarn was tensioned to maintain the extended form while cooling, and the yarn was then wound convolutely onto tube supports.
  • the packaged yarn had a denier of approximately 3600 and consisted of 210 individual filaments.
  • the yarn had a packaged crimp index of 6.7% and a relaxed crimp index, determined after subjecting a sample of yarn to boiling water for 1 hour under no tension, of 20.7%.
  • the packaged yarn thus prepared was employed in making a loop pile tufted carpet having 6 tufts per inch and 20 ounces of fiber per square yard of carpet, employing a woven jute backing of 12 ounces per square yard.
  • the tufting needle had an oval shaped eye inch high and inch wide and operated at a rate of 520 tufts per minute. Performance cf the yarn during the tufting operation was excellent, without occurrence of any stoppages of operation due to the inability of the yarn to ass freely through the eye of the needle.
  • a sample of the tufted carpet was then scoured at 212 F., dyed blue, and a standard latex dispersion was applied to the backing of the sample. The carpet sample was then evaluated for various characteristics.
  • Covering power was judged by visual determination of whether the white colored carpet backing could be seen through the pile surface when viewed from above.
  • the luster highlight rating was determined by inspection of the carpet sample at a 45 angle in ordinary daylight, in comparison with control samples of round cross section fiber carpeting and centrally symmetrical trilobal cross section fiber carpeting.
  • the carpet of this example showed in uniquely high degree a luster highlight characterized by diamond-like sparkle or crystals of light, conveying an appearance of depth by reason of the contrast of sparkles against the darker surrounding background.
  • Luster highlight results from refraction of light rather than the simple reflection, Which produces luster.
  • filaments having a cross-sectional configuration within the purview of this invention exhibit a surprisingly high luster highlight, and good ratings of resiliency, covering power, and soiling resistance in comparison with previously known crosssectional configurations.
  • EXAMPLE 2 In order to determine the effect of the ratio of lobe radius to extension on the characteristics of the filaments cf this invention, a series of yarns were prepared utilizing the spinnerette and spinning conditions of Example 1 but employing polycaproamide polymers of various viscosities. It was found that the ratio of lobe radius to extension would increase with a decrease in the Formic Acid Relative Viscosity of the polymer employed. It was also found that, unless the polymer contained less than 0.2% moisture, unsatisfactory coalescence of the three extrudate streams would occur. The yarns thus prepared, all having an angle (a) of were crimped, stressed and woven into carpets in accordance with the method 0f Example 1..
  • Ratios above about 1.0 result in diminished luster highlight, and an excessively high increase in crimp index upon relaxation which results in pull-down or matted carpet appearance.
  • Ratios below about 0.60 also result in dirninished luster highlight, and in addition have inadequate response to relaxing conditions to provide satisfactory covering power.
  • EXAMPLE 3 are generally characterized in having luster highlight ratings below about 4.
  • the data of Table III is also noteworthy insofar as it establishes that the desirable quality of luster highlight is dependent upon the novel configuration of the filament and that factors such as polymer type, crimp characteristics, and fabric construction are not comtrolling on this characteristic.
  • EXAMPLE 4 The processability of yarn in tufting operations was studied employing the tufting conditions of Example 1 011 various polycaproamide yarn sarnples. of processability, the numberof stoppages or quality defects due t0 the behavior of the yarn was counted per 10 sq. yards of tufted carpet. Satisfactory operation is generally considered to require less than 24 occurrences of stoppage or defects per 10 sq. yards.
  • Table IV The nature of the samples tested and the results obtained therewith are presented in Table IV. All yarn samples tested had turn per inch Z twist, and contained equal quantities of a standard mineral oil-based yarn lubricating finish.
  • sample W having a denier above the preferred range, performs unsatisfactorily in the tufting operation.
  • Samples X and Y illustrate the eflfects of filament deniers above and below the preferred range respectively.
  • the data in general illustrates the critical requirernents of yarn and filan1ent denier characteristics in the securement of crirnped carpet yarns which not only process well but also yield good quality carpets.
  • the yarn In order to secure a satisfactory increase in crirnp range of 80120 of this invention produce an unmis- 75 index of between 8 and 15 percentage units upon ex- As a measure 1 posure of the yarn to relaxing conditions, it is essential that the yarn contain the angular crimps prescribed herein containing sharply defined internal strains as may be detected by polarized light, and crystalline disorientation at the crimp points detectable by X-ray diffraction. Although ordinary crimping processes such as the stuiferbox method Will provide angular crimps, these methods generally do not impart suitable internal strain at the crimp points.
  • the peripheral polymer layer Will again become plasticized and, under the zero tension of relaxation enables the internally strained ortion to return to an unstrained condition.
  • the eifect is thereby analogous to a stretched spring which, upon removal of restraining forces, returus to its original length.
  • filaments having the cross-sectional configuration of this invention are useful in numerous other textile applications in staple and continuous filament homofiber and blends in uncrimped or crimped form.
  • typical textile applications would include apparel products Such as woven suitings, shirtings, sheeting and lingerie, tricot, circular knitted fabrics, broadcloths, satins, and the like.
  • apparel products Such as woven suitings, shirtings, sheeting and lingerie, tricot, circular knitted fabrics, broadcloths, satins, and the like.
  • the filaments of this invention are useful in industrial textile applieations such as sewing thread, fiber-reinforced laminates, tire eord, upholstery, drapery, curtains, ducks, and other applications.
  • the yarns may be made to contain various additive ingredients which irnpart specialized properties.
  • ingredients which may be added to the yarn either by incorporatiug within the polymer prior to spinning, or by after-treatments of the yarn or fabric include flarne retardent agents such as compounds of antimony, phosphorous, and halogens; titanium dioxide delusterant; antistatic agents; adhesion promoting agents such as isocyanates and epoxides; heat and light stabilizers such as inorganic reducing ions, metal ions such as manganese, copper and tin, phosphites, and organic amines such as alkylated aromatic amines and ketone-arornatic amine condensates; therrnally stable p1gments such as Quindo Magenta (Allied Chemical Corp.) and inorganic pigments; fluorescent agents and brighteners suchas Tinopal PCR; cross-linking agents; bacteriostats such as phenols and quaternary amines; colloidal
  • lt is essential however, that essentially no volatile ingredients such as water or solvents be contained by the polymer prior to extrusion since these are deleterious to satisfactory extrudate coalescence.
  • polycaproamide polymer the presence of about CJI 0.5 %2% of monomeric lactam which acts as a plasticizer, facilitates extrudate coalescence, and this represents a highly preferred aspect of the present invention.
  • Thermally stable flow controlling agents or surfaceactive agents which decrease surface free energy may be included within the polymer prior to extrusion to increase the extent of extrudate coalescence, and thereby increase the ratio of lobe radius to extension. Exarnples of such agents include: metal salts of long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids, long chain aliphatic alcohols, long chain aliphatic amides, and fluorinated and other surface active agents.
  • the yarns of this invention can be admixed with yarns of round cross section er of various modified cross sections, of the same or different denier and of the same or difi?erent chemical composition to produce various special effects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US28032163 1963-05-14 1963-05-14 Modified cross section yarn Expired - Lifetime US3216186A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE647768D BE647768A (fr) 1963-05-14
US28032163 US3216186A (en) 1963-05-14 1963-05-14 Modified cross section yarn
DE19641435332 DE1435332A1 (de) 1963-05-14 1964-05-12 Faeden und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie daraus hergestellte Produkte
FR974365A FR1396092A (fr) 1963-05-14 1964-05-13 Nouveaux filaments trilobés filés à l'état fondu et dont la section transversalepossède une seule ligne de symétrie, fils crêpés et non crêpés obtenus à partir de ces filaments, leur procédé de production et tissus contenant ces fils
ES299794A ES299794A1 (es) 1963-05-14 1964-05-13 Procedimiento para la producción de un filamento termoplástico trilobulado
JP2701264A JPS4940005B1 (fr) 1963-05-14 1964-05-14
GB2019164A GB1028396A (en) 1963-05-14 1964-05-14 Novel filaments, process for their production, and products obtained therefrom
CH627364A CH428077A (de) 1963-05-14 1964-05-14 Faden, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung, sowie Verwendung solcher Fäden
NL6405399A NL6405399A (fr) 1963-05-14 1964-05-14
US511011A US3308221A (en) 1963-05-14 1965-10-21 Melt spinning of modified cross section yarn

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US28032163 US3216186A (en) 1963-05-14 1963-05-14 Modified cross section yarn

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US3216186A true US3216186A (en) 1965-11-09

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US (1) US3216186A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4940005B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE647768A (fr)
CH (1) CH428077A (fr)
DE (1) DE1435332A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES299794A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1396092A (fr)
GB (1) GB1028396A (fr)
NL (1) NL6405399A (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3266087A (en) * 1965-03-08 1966-08-16 Allied Chem Spinneret plate for melt-spinning
US3308221A (en) * 1963-05-14 1967-03-07 Allied Chem Melt spinning of modified cross section yarn
US3457340A (en) * 1966-03-25 1969-07-22 Du Pont Process for uniform application of finish to polyester yarns
US3846969A (en) * 1972-04-13 1974-11-12 Du Pont False-twist texturing yarn of polyester filaments having multilobal cross sections
US4041689A (en) * 1975-11-11 1977-08-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Multilobal polyester yarn
USRE29363E (en) * 1973-08-30 1977-08-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company False-twist texturing yarn of polyester filaments having multilobal cross sections
US5318738A (en) * 1993-04-13 1994-06-07 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process of making hollow polyamide filaments
US5334452A (en) * 1992-11-16 1994-08-02 Monsanto Company Carpet fibers having multifoliate cross-sectional configuration

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5698599A (en) * 1980-09-29 1981-08-08 Hitachi Ltd Manufacture of multivane fan
EP3458631A1 (fr) * 2016-05-20 2019-03-27 INVISTA Textiles (U.K.) Limited Filaments d'élasthanne filés en solution non arrondis et leurs procédés et dispositifs de production

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB731930A (en) * 1952-02-26 1955-06-15 British Celanese Improvements relating to filaments of organic thermoplastic material
GB816877A (en) * 1955-08-11 1959-07-22 Thueringisches Kunstfaserwerk Improvements in and relating to the production of synthetic threads, ribbons or the like having a lobed cross-section
US2939201A (en) * 1959-06-24 1960-06-07 Du Pont Trilobal textile filament
US2968857A (en) * 1957-07-30 1961-01-24 Celanese Corp High bulk filamentary material and methods of producing the same
US3023075A (en) * 1954-10-26 1962-02-27 British Celanese Fibrous material
US3038239A (en) * 1959-03-16 1962-06-12 Du Pont Crimpable composite filament
US3039524A (en) * 1958-11-03 1962-06-19 Du Pont Filaments having improved crimp characteristics and products containing same
US3084993A (en) * 1961-09-04 1963-04-09 Courtaulds Ltd Production of crimped filaments

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB731930A (en) * 1952-02-26 1955-06-15 British Celanese Improvements relating to filaments of organic thermoplastic material
US3023075A (en) * 1954-10-26 1962-02-27 British Celanese Fibrous material
GB816877A (en) * 1955-08-11 1959-07-22 Thueringisches Kunstfaserwerk Improvements in and relating to the production of synthetic threads, ribbons or the like having a lobed cross-section
US2968857A (en) * 1957-07-30 1961-01-24 Celanese Corp High bulk filamentary material and methods of producing the same
US3039524A (en) * 1958-11-03 1962-06-19 Du Pont Filaments having improved crimp characteristics and products containing same
US3038239A (en) * 1959-03-16 1962-06-12 Du Pont Crimpable composite filament
US2939201A (en) * 1959-06-24 1960-06-07 Du Pont Trilobal textile filament
US3084993A (en) * 1961-09-04 1963-04-09 Courtaulds Ltd Production of crimped filaments

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3308221A (en) * 1963-05-14 1967-03-07 Allied Chem Melt spinning of modified cross section yarn
US3266087A (en) * 1965-03-08 1966-08-16 Allied Chem Spinneret plate for melt-spinning
US3457340A (en) * 1966-03-25 1969-07-22 Du Pont Process for uniform application of finish to polyester yarns
US3846969A (en) * 1972-04-13 1974-11-12 Du Pont False-twist texturing yarn of polyester filaments having multilobal cross sections
USRE29363E (en) * 1973-08-30 1977-08-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company False-twist texturing yarn of polyester filaments having multilobal cross sections
US4041689A (en) * 1975-11-11 1977-08-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Multilobal polyester yarn
US5334452A (en) * 1992-11-16 1994-08-02 Monsanto Company Carpet fibers having multifoliate cross-sectional configuration
US5318738A (en) * 1993-04-13 1994-06-07 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process of making hollow polyamide filaments
US5370935A (en) * 1993-04-13 1994-12-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyamide hollow filaments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE647768A (fr) 1900-01-01
NL6405399A (fr) 1964-11-16
CH428077A (de) 1967-01-15
DE1435332A1 (de) 1969-01-30
JPS4940005B1 (fr) 1974-10-30
ES299794A1 (es) 1964-11-01
FR1396092A (fr) 1965-04-16
GB1028396A (en) 1966-05-04

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