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US3209197A - Gaseous glow-discharge tube with monocrystalline metal cathode - Google Patents

Gaseous glow-discharge tube with monocrystalline metal cathode Download PDF

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Publication number
US3209197A
US3209197A US48037A US4803760A US3209197A US 3209197 A US3209197 A US 3209197A US 48037 A US48037 A US 48037A US 4803760 A US4803760 A US 4803760A US 3209197 A US3209197 A US 3209197A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
discharge tube
envelope
glow
gaseous
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Expired - Lifetime
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US48037A
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Ahsmann Gerardus Josephu Marie
Zeger Van Gelder
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H01J17/06—Cathodes
    • H01J17/066—Cold cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
    • H01J17/40—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
    • H01J17/40—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes
    • H01J17/44—Cold-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes having one or more control electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0064—Tubes with cold main electrodes (including cold cathodes)
    • H01J2893/0065—Electrode systems
    • H01J2893/0066—Construction, material, support, protection and temperature regulation of electrodes; Electrode cups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0064—Tubes with cold main electrodes (including cold cathodes)
    • H01J2893/0065—Electrode systems
    • H01J2893/0068—Electrode systems electrode assembly with control electrodes, e.g. including a screen

Definitions

  • This invention relates to gaseous glow-discharge tubes for use as active elements in electric circuits, more particularly voltage stabilizer tubes, in which a visible layer of the cathode material is present on the wall surrounding the discharge path.
  • Gaseous glow-discharge tubes of the above-mentioned kind are known for their favourable properties, namely with regard to their constant burning and striking voltages, so that the use of glow-discharge stabilizing tubes in circuits upon which high requirements are imposed and so-called triggering tubes satisfying narrow tolerances has considerably widened.
  • a main condition for such tubes is that the cathode material has a melting point higher than 1400 C.
  • molybdenum is preferred because of the ease with which the coating on the wall of the tube may be obtained by atomization of the cathode surface and because of the constancy of the properties of the tube.
  • Such tubes show dilferences of from 2% to 3% which is objectionable if close tolerances are required. Although by careful selection a tube meeting the required tolerance may be found, it is more desirable, for interchangeability, to have a tube which can fit closer tolerances.
  • a principal object of our invention is to provide a gaseous glow-discharge tube which has a voltage rating meeting closer tolerances.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide a gaseous glow-discharge tube employing metals other than molybdenum for the coating.
  • Still another object of our invention is to provide a gaseous glow-discharge tube using a cathode material having a melting point below 1400 C.
  • the cathode in a gaseous glow-discharge tube for use as an active element in an electric circuit, more particularly in a voltage stabilizer tube in which a visible layer of the cathode material is present on the wall surrounding the discharge path, the cathode consists of a metal plate in monocrystalline form.
  • the divergences of such cathodes are less than in polycrystalline cathodes, and the constancy is distinctly better.
  • tubes according to the invention in contradistinction to known tubes with an atomized coating on the wall, it is also possible to use cathode materials having a melting point lower than 1400 C.
  • metals of cubic structure have very constant properties, such as copper and nickel, which have a cubic face-centered structure, and tungsten, which has a cubic space-centered structure.
  • a better gettering metal such as molybdenum or zirconium, which may be effected, for example, by atomizing the anodes or another electrode of the glow-discharge tube which consists of such a metal.
  • a gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope, said cathode consisting of a monocrystalline metal, and a coating of visible thickness of the metal of said cathode on the inner wall of said envelope.
  • a gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope, said cathode consisting of a monocrystalline metal having a cubic crystal structure, and a coating of visible thickness of metal of said cathode on the inner wall of said envelope.
  • a gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope, said cathode consisting of monocrystalline copper, the surface of said plate bieng parallel to one of the crystal planes (1,1,1), (1,1,0) and (1,0,0) and a coating of visible thickness of the metal of said cathode on the inner wall of said envelope.
  • a gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope, said cathode electrode consisting of monocrystalline nickel, the surface of said cathode being parallel to one of the crystal planes (1,1,1), 1,1,0) and (1,0,0) and a coating of visible thickness of the metal of said cathode on the inner wall of said envelope.
  • a gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes Within said envelope, said cathode electrode consisting of monocrystalline copper, the surface of said cathode being parallel to one of the crystal planes (1,1,1), (1,1,0) and (1,0,0) and a coating of visible thickness of the cathode metal and a gettering metal on the inner wall of said envelope.
  • a gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope said cathode electrode consisting of monocrystalline copper, the surface of said cathode being parallel to one of the crystal planes (1,1,1), (1,1,0) and (1,0,0), a coating of visible thickness of the cathode metal on the inner wall of said envelope and a further coating of visible thickness of molybdenum on the inner wall of said envelope.
  • a gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope, said cathode electrode consisting of monocrystalline copper, the surface of said plate being parallel to one of the crystal planes (1,1,1), (1,1,0) and (1,0,0), a coating of visible thickness of the cathode metal on the inner wall of said References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS GEORGE N. WESTBY, Primary Examiner.

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  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Description

p 1965 G. J. M. AHSMANN ETAL 3,209,197
GASEOUS GLOW-DISCHARGE TUBE WITH MONOCRYSTALLINE METAL CATHODE Filed Aug. 8, 1960 l v NT R3 72%; 9%?
AGENT United States Patent 3,209,197 GASEOUS GLOW-DISCHARGE TUBE WITH MONO- CRYSTALLINE METAL CATHODE Gerardus Josephus Marie Ahsmann and Zeger van Gelder, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignors to North American Philips Company, Inc., New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed Aug. 8, 1960, Ser. No. 48,037 Claims priority, application Netherlands, Aug. 14, 1959, 242,350 7 Claims. (Cl. 313-221) This invention relates to gaseous glow-discharge tubes for use as active elements in electric circuits, more particularly voltage stabilizer tubes, in which a visible layer of the cathode material is present on the wall surrounding the discharge path.
Gaseous glow-discharge tubes of the above-mentioned kind are known for their favourable properties, namely with regard to their constant burning and striking voltages, so that the use of glow-discharge stabilizing tubes in circuits upon which high requirements are imposed and so-called triggering tubes satisfying narrow tolerances has considerably widened. A main condition for such tubes is that the cathode material has a melting point higher than 1400 C.
Among cathode materials having a melting point higher than 1400 C., molybdenum is preferred because of the ease with which the coating on the wall of the tube may be obtained by atomization of the cathode surface and because of the constancy of the properties of the tube.
Such tubes show dilferences of from 2% to 3% which is objectionable if close tolerances are required. Although by careful selection a tube meeting the required tolerance may be found, it is more desirable, for interchangeability, to have a tube which can fit closer tolerances.
A principal object of our invention is to provide a gaseous glow-discharge tube which has a voltage rating meeting closer tolerances.
Another object of our invention is to provide a gaseous glow-discharge tube employing metals other than molybdenum for the coating.
Still another object of our invention is to provide a gaseous glow-discharge tube using a cathode material having a melting point below 1400 C.
These and further objects of our invention will appear as the specification progresses.
According to our invention, in a gaseous glow-discharge tube for use as an active element in an electric circuit, more particularly in a voltage stabilizer tube in which a visible layer of the cathode material is present on the wall surrounding the discharge path, the cathode consists of a metal plate in monocrystalline form. The divergences of such cathodes are less than in polycrystalline cathodes, and the constancy is distinctly better.
In tubes according to the invention, in contradistinction to known tubes with an atomized coating on the wall, it is also possible to use cathode materials having a melting point lower than 1400 C.
It has also been found that metals of cubic structure have very constant properties, such as copper and nickel, which have a cubic face-centered structure, and tungsten, which has a cubic space-centered structure.
Since copper, as a metal, has poor gettering properties, it is preferable to provide on the wall, in addition to the atomized coating of copper, an atomized coating of a better gettering metal, such as molybdenum or zirconium, which may be effected, for example, by atomizing the anodes or another electrode of the glow-discharge tube which consists of such a metal.
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a glow-discharge tube according to the invention.
3,209,197 Patented Sept. 28, 1965 Crystal Directions Cathode Polycrystalline 1,0,0 1,1,0 1,1,1
Cu 143. 6 143. 7 150. 0 148i5 Ni 133.1 136 When nickel or tungsten is used as a cathode, atomization of the anode is not required, but in the case of a copper cathode such atomization is highly desirable to prevent a decline in the constant properties.
While we have thus described our invention with reference to specific embodiments, other modifications thereof will be readily apparent to those skilled in this art without departing from the spirit and scope of the inven tion which is defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope, said cathode consisting of a monocrystalline metal, and a coating of visible thickness of the metal of said cathode on the inner wall of said envelope.
2. A gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope, said cathode consisting of a monocrystalline metal having a cubic crystal structure, and a coating of visible thickness of metal of said cathode on the inner wall of said envelope.
3. A gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope, said cathode consisting of monocrystalline copper, the surface of said plate bieng parallel to one of the crystal planes (1,1,1), (1,1,0) and (1,0,0) and a coating of visible thickness of the metal of said cathode on the inner wall of said envelope.
4. A gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope, said cathode electrode consisting of monocrystalline nickel, the surface of said cathode being parallel to one of the crystal planes (1,1,1), 1,1,0) and (1,0,0) and a coating of visible thickness of the metal of said cathode on the inner wall of said envelope.
5. A gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes Within said envelope, said cathode electrode consisting of monocrystalline copper, the surface of said cathode being parallel to one of the crystal planes (1,1,1), (1,1,0) and (1,0,0) and a coating of visible thickness of the cathode metal and a gettering metal on the inner wall of said envelope.
6. A gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope said cathode electrode consisting of monocrystalline copper, the surface of said cathode being parallel to one of the crystal planes (1,1,1), (1,1,0) and (1,0,0), a coating of visible thickness of the cathode metal on the inner wall of said envelope and a further coating of visible thickness of molybdenum on the inner wall of said envelope.
7. A gaseous glow-discharge tube comprising an envelope containing an ionizable gaseous medium, anode and cathode electrodes within said envelope, said cathode electrode consisting of monocrystalline copper, the surface of said plate being parallel to one of the crystal planes (1,1,1), (1,1,0) and (1,0,0), a coating of visible thickness of the cathode metal on the inner wall of said References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS GEORGE N. WESTBY, Primary Examiner.
envelope, and a further coating of visible thickness of 10 RALPH NILSON, Examinen zirconium on the inner wall of said envelope.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 209, 197 September 28, 1965 Gerardus Josephus Marie Ahsmann et al It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 2 lines 32 and 38, after "metal", each occurrence, insert selected from the group consisting of nickel and copper Signed and sealed this 12th day of April 1966 (SEAL) Attest:
ERNEST W. SWIDER EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents

Claims (1)

1. A GASEOUS GLOW-DISCHARGE TUBE COMPRISING AN ENVELOPE CONTAINING AN IONIZABLE GASEOUS MEDIUM, ANODE AND CATHODE ELECTRODES WITHIN SAID ENVELOP, SAID CATHODE CONSISTING OF A MONOCRYSTALLINE METAL, AND A COATING OF
US48037A 1959-08-14 1960-08-08 Gaseous glow-discharge tube with monocrystalline metal cathode Expired - Lifetime US3209197A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3689794A (en) * 1970-03-07 1972-09-05 Philips Corp Punctiform cathode, in particular suitable for detachable electric discharge tubes
US3771005A (en) * 1971-10-12 1973-11-06 Honeywell Inc Omnidirectional ultraviolet radiation detector
US3951607A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-04-20 Searle Cardio-Pulmonary Systems Inc. Gas analyzer
US3979646A (en) * 1974-06-28 1976-09-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge voltage arrester
US4084208A (en) * 1975-03-28 1978-04-11 General Instrument Corporation Gas-filled surge arrestors
US4091436A (en) * 1976-01-23 1978-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Knob type surge voltage arrester
US4400824A (en) * 1980-02-12 1983-08-23 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha X-Ray tube with single crystalline copper target member

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1933396A (en) * 1928-10-29 1933-10-31 Raytheon Inc Gaseous conduction apparatus
US2008545A (en) * 1931-07-08 1935-07-16 Gen Electric Electrical oscillation circuits
US2677071A (en) * 1948-06-30 1954-04-27 Rca Corp Voltage reference tube
US2948607A (en) * 1957-10-25 1960-08-09 Union Carbide Corp Tantalum-titanium getter element

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1933396A (en) * 1928-10-29 1933-10-31 Raytheon Inc Gaseous conduction apparatus
US2008545A (en) * 1931-07-08 1935-07-16 Gen Electric Electrical oscillation circuits
US2677071A (en) * 1948-06-30 1954-04-27 Rca Corp Voltage reference tube
US2948607A (en) * 1957-10-25 1960-08-09 Union Carbide Corp Tantalum-titanium getter element

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3689794A (en) * 1970-03-07 1972-09-05 Philips Corp Punctiform cathode, in particular suitable for detachable electric discharge tubes
US3771005A (en) * 1971-10-12 1973-11-06 Honeywell Inc Omnidirectional ultraviolet radiation detector
US3979646A (en) * 1974-06-28 1976-09-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge voltage arrester
US3951607A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-04-20 Searle Cardio-Pulmonary Systems Inc. Gas analyzer
US4084208A (en) * 1975-03-28 1978-04-11 General Instrument Corporation Gas-filled surge arrestors
US4091436A (en) * 1976-01-23 1978-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Knob type surge voltage arrester
US4400824A (en) * 1980-02-12 1983-08-23 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha X-Ray tube with single crystalline copper target member

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ES260336A1 (en) 1960-11-01
GB953074A (en) 1964-03-25
CH397879A (en) 1965-08-31

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