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US3170504A - Ceramic burner plate - Google Patents

Ceramic burner plate Download PDF

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Publication number
US3170504A
US3170504A US200235A US20023562A US3170504A US 3170504 A US3170504 A US 3170504A US 200235 A US200235 A US 200235A US 20023562 A US20023562 A US 20023562A US 3170504 A US3170504 A US 3170504A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ceramic
gas
burner plate
burner
peaked
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US200235A
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English (en)
Inventor
John G Lanning
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Corning Glass Works
Original Assignee
Corning Glass Works
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Glass Works filed Critical Corning Glass Works
Priority to US200235A priority Critical patent/US3170504A/en
Priority to DE19631429135 priority patent/DE1429135A1/de
Priority to CH675163A priority patent/CH419516A/de
Priority to GB21949/63A priority patent/GB1019807A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3170504A publication Critical patent/US3170504A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/14—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates
    • F23D14/145—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates combustion being stabilised at a screen or a perforated plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/151—Radiant burners with radiation intensifying means other than screens or perforated plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2700/00—Special arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
    • F23C2700/04—Combustion apparatus using gaseous fuel
    • F23C2700/043—Combustion apparatus using gaseous fuel for surface combustion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ceramic burner plates for infrared radiating gas burners and the like. In particular, it comprises a burner plate having an improved and novel combustion surface configuration or geometry.
  • ceramic burner plates have been constructed in the form of a perforated or honeycomb structure having a plurality of small unobstructed gas passages or open-ended cells separated from each other by thin ceramic walls.
  • the gas passages extend through the burner plate from one major face of the plateto an opposed or opposite major face thereof.
  • One of these major faces constitutes an external combustion surface when the plate is placed over an -openingin a gas burner mixing chamber in such ay manner that the other major face confronts the interior of the mixing chamber.
  • the flat surface has a mottled appearance.
  • This mottled ⁇ surface appearance varies considerably in temperature from the orange-white high temperature areas to ⁇ the dullV red or grey low temperature areas.
  • Such a surface condition is undesirable since the maximum conversion of the available VB.t.u. content of the gas into infraredenergy ⁇ is not being achieved.
  • va ceramic gas burner plate comprising a thin Ywall ceramic
  • FIGURE l is a sectional oblique view of an infrared gas,l burner with one embodiment of a burner f plate of;
  • FIGURE 2 is a sectional view of an infrared gas vburner like that shown in FIGURE 1A taken along line
  • FIGURE 3l is a sectional isometric View of another j embodiment of ya burner plate of the invention
  • FIGURE 4 iis a fragmentary Aside sectional View of al I ,burner plate'of the invention
  • the zone 20 within thev body FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary'side sectional View of a burner plate of the type pri/or to this invention.
  • FIGURE 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional viewj of the burner plate structure shown in FIGURE 2'; andA walls 12 and a bottom Wall 1.4.
  • Attached to body mem ber El? is a centrally disposed inlet ,tube 16 extending from one side wall ⁇ 12.
  • the top surface or cover pla-tel of the gas burner is a ceramic honeycomb structure 18' comprising one embodiment of a burner plate accord-ing tube 16 and prior to passing upwardly through the cover plate 18 for combustion on vthe upper surfacethereof.
  • honeycomb burner plate 18 is fitted and attached to the ibody 10 at the upper portion of -t-he side wall's'plZ by any suitable means, such as cement or packing 22g ⁇
  • the honeycomb burnerA plate 18 is characterized lby aV large number of unobstructed gas paths'or *open-ended cells Z5 that extend from the bottomV or inlet surface 27 of the burner platev through Ito its top or combustion surface 28.
  • These unobstructedgas Ipaths are defined and Aseparated from oneV another by thin ceramic walls 30.
  • the ceramic walls defining those flow paths can be arranged triangular, circular or polygonal .shape as desired.
  • Vhigher surface temperature promotes therrnocatalytic perature.
  • peakedprotrusions disposed substantially Auniformly or purposely irregular 'over substantially the entire area of, or a given -portion of, surface Z8, as shown in FIGURES 1 and 4.
  • peaked protrusions are shown to be pyramidal shape in'FIGURE l, but they can also be conically shaped, if desired,A as shoWn inl-FIGURE 3.
  • thejhoney- A comb Iburner plate 3l. ischaracterized by a large number of unobstructed gas'ipaths 25 defined and'separated from one another by thinceramic walls 34. These gas paths extend from the bottom or inlet surface 32 through .to the top or combustion surface 33. y
  • a burner plate of the inventioma source of a gaseous fuel and air enter theburner body lil through the inlet tube l2 or any other suitable inlet means.
  • the fuel and air can be provided ⁇ by sources connected to a mixing head ⁇ thatis attached lto the inlet means, or the pressure of the fuel gas vcan be used with suitable Vmeans to aspirate air 4into the stream.V
  • the .gases enter the enlarged space within the burner body l0 and thorough- Y ly -mix therein.
  • the inlet tube can be designed sothat the gases impinge on a wall of the body member-10, orAbaliies (not shown) can be included within the ⁇ 'bodyuor tube to eiect'that object.
  • the rnixed gases then pass through the gas paths 2S in the burnerplate tothe upper surface 2S where they are combusted,heating' the surface of the rplate to nearly incandescence ⁇ .- yAny as desired.
  • the honeycomb structure is made of thin ceramic sheets 3i)V sintered together as at points to form Vthe thin Walls'denirxgnthe gas paths ceramic walls makingnp aflat combustion surface.
  • the geometry orconiguration ofthe peaked protrusionsf provide a4 substantially increased area for radiation lof infrared energy from the combustion surface thereby producing a more v.uniform and widerV dispersion ofv infrarred heat l.
  • angle d (see FIGURE 4)' relationship lbetween adjacent pyramidal or conical surfaces. ⁇ The angler)V should be beemission from the combustion surface of the burner Y plate.V
  • a surfaceL particle 41 radiates energy in 'thev hemispherical pattern as shown at ⁇ 42.1 As-can be seen, suba stantially none of thehemispherical Yradiation impinges onother surface particles.
  • menty is substantially whollyabsent.
  • the combustion surface configuration of' burner plates Y should have certain particular characteristics that kare necessaryV for practical results.
  • One important characteristic is an appropriate :included tween about 20 and 120, and preferably between 30 and The significance-.of'this .angular relationship can best be seen by reference toFIGURE 7 wherein comv bustion surface temperature data isshown as a function of the included angle 0. ⁇
  • The.V data 4 was obtained by solely varying the angle 0 and maintaining all other factors (eg. burner plate dimensions, fuel, etc.) ⁇ the same..
  • Another important characteristic of the combustlon surface geometry is 4the spacing between apexes of adjacent peaked protrusions, which governs the depth of the valley portions between the peaked protrusions.
  • This spacing between adjacent .apexes should be at least 1/8 inch, and preferably between l/i to 1/2 inch. A spacing of 1A inch was used in burner plates from which the plotted data of FIGURE 7 was obtained.
  • the minimum spacing of 1/s inch appears to be a limit at which signiiicantly practical results' are obtained, and below which improvements are too insubstantial to be noticeable,
  • the spacing can be made as much as one inch or more but the distance between the peaks becomes -so great that -interparticle reinforcement is substantially decreased and performance reduced.
  • Ceramic honeycomb or perforated structures that are used for burner plates in accordance with the present invention should have certain particular characteristics that are necessary for proper operation without incurring detrimental ashback.
  • the gas paths 25 should have a cross-sectional area at the combustion surface that does not exceed 0.006 square inch and a minimum length of about 0.2 inch, therlatter being the minimum distance between surface 27 and the lowermost part in the Valleys between peaked protrusions or surface 2S.
  • the gas passages should be substantially uniformly distributed throughout the burner plate and their crosssectional areas in the aggregate should provide at least 20%,' and more preferably at least 50%, of the total area f of the combustion or radiating surface. When this total aggregate open area is or more, the ceramic walls will necessarily be quite thin (i.e.
  • the ceramic material used for the burner plate should desirably have a low heat conductivity on the order of less than 0.0020 cal./ sec. cm. C. since the greater mass of the walls makes it less possible for the upwardly flowing gases to extract enough heat from higher heat conductivity ceramic walls to prevent flashback.
  • a ceramic honeycomb body is prepared by coating a suitable carrier with a mixture of a pulverized ceramic and a binder, crimping the resulting coated carrier and then assembling it to the desired shape, alone or with ⁇ another coated carrier that need not be crimped. VThe assembled body is then heated to a temperature sufficient to sinter it to a unitary structure as more fully detailed hereinafter. This procedure is, generally, the process yset forth in the copending application of R. Z. Hollenbach, Serial Number 759,706, tiled September 8,1958, and now Patent No. 3,112,184, to which reference may be had.
  • the purpose of the binder is to bond the clearlyred ceramic material to the carrier, to impart green strength to the coated carrier and to retain the formed unred article in the desired shape after forming and prior to sintering. It is preferred to use an organic binder that is curable or thermosetting and that can be removed by decomposition and/or volatilization when the honeycomb body is tired, such as epoxyresins.
  • the purpose of the carrier is to provide support for the unired coating to allow it to -be formed to the desired shape prior to sintering the ceramic coating.
  • Tea bag paper is a preferred carrier because it will substantially decompose upon tiring and thus result in an article consisting almost entirely of ceramic material.
  • lithium aluminosilicate ceramic materials such, for example, as glass or crystalline petalite and beta spodumene, glass-ceramics having a lithium aluminosilicate base (erg. those made in accordance withV Example l, of United States Patent Number 2,920,971 to Stookey), aswell as mixtures of any of the foregoing materials.
  • Petalite glassceramic mixtures generally include about 10 to 40 weight percent of the glass-ceramic and the re Beta spodumene-petalite mixtures usually contain about l to 4 parts of petalite for each 4 to 1 parts of beta spodumene. These materials normally are used in a particle size of about minus 200 mesh (Tyler) or finer.
  • Structures are assembled from ceramic coated carriers in a Variety of ways, and the resulting structures are called layers laterally'disposed a distance equal to half of thek width of the individual pattern so.. that layers do not nest with each other. They can also be made from multiple layers of corrugated ceramic coated carriers with alternate layers having the corrugations angled in opposite direc-y tions from the perpendicular tothe edge of the sheet.
  • the honeycomb structure'can also be formed from r-olling up alternate layers of crimped 'and uncrimped coated Acarriersuntil the desired shape is'formed.
  • the structure can also be formed by assembling to a stack alternate crimped and uncrimped coated ⁇ carriers until the desired dimensions are attained.
  • the structure is made large enough to form the peaked protrusions von one major surface, as by cutting or sawing, and to provide ya mini# mum gas ow path length of at least 0.2 inch.
  • Other ways of making and assembling these honeycombs will be apparf ent to those skilled inthe art.
  • the tiring of the green structure or -matrix, however formed, is accomplished inthe normal manner for ceramic tiring by placing the structure in a furnace and heating it at a rate slow enough to prevent breakage up to a temperature high enough to cause the ceramic particles to sinter. While the tiring schedule, including heating rates and sintering temperatures, will vary depending upon the ceramic material utilized, vthe size and shape of the structure formed, and the atmosphere used, the details of such schedules are not critical and suitable conditions are readily determinable by one skilled in the art of tiring ceramic article. Y l
  • a ceramic composition was made of parts by weight of petalite and 25 parts by weight of a glass-ceramic having the following approximate composition, by oxide analysis, in weight percent: 70% SiO2, 18% A1203, 5% TiOz, 3% LiOz, 3% MgO and 1% ZnO.
  • the composition was ball-milled to a minus 200 meshtTyler) par-k of isopropanol of ethyl-acetate of Versamid of Hysol 6111 Versarnid 115 is the trade name of a thermoplastic polymer supplied-'by General Mills, lne.
  • Hysol 6111 is the trade name of an epoxy resin solution, supplied by Houghton Laboratories, Inc., containing 57% by weight of epoxy resin having a viscosity of about 2.5-4.0 poises at C., and epoXide equivalent (grams of resin/containing 1 v g. chemical equivalent Yof epoxy) of 595150, and a melting range of 73-85 C.
  • Vlhat is claimedis: V. i t
  • a gas burner plate comprising a thin walledcerarnic honeycomb having an inlet surface and an opposed combustion surface, aplurality of kunobstructed gas passages milled for about three hours to produce a uniform ⁇ sust pension.
  • a porous natural cellulose paper commonly known as 31/2 pound tea bag paper, cut'to a Width of 4 inches was then dipped into the suspension and dried by heating to 120 C-. for 2 minutes. The dried, Y coated paper was then heated to ,180 C. and crimped to produce v nels of the annular cylinder as they are formed during the roll-up operation.
  • the unred honeycomb body is then placed-in a fur- Y nace'chamberv and heated in accordance with the following schedule:
  • Temperature range Firing rate Room temp, to 700.y C. 350-C./hr.
  • Ceramic infrared gas burner plates prepared as just Vdescribed were actually tested and found tobefree from dark or cool zones'on the Vradiatingv surface.
  • the radiating surface temperatures were significantly higher (see FIGURE 7) and the heat radiation ywas more uniform y than the previously made flat combustion surface ceramic burner plates.
  • significantly greater comb ustion of the gaseousfuel, i.e. natural gas and air, was also obtained as was evident by the .considerable reduction of the CO content of theV combustedY gases being given-V off from the burner plate.
  • each' said passage having a crossfsectionalarea not exceeding V0.006 square inch, the aggregate cross-sectional areas of the gas passages providing an open spacelofat least V20% of the area of said combustion surface, at least a portion of said combustion surface having a conguration.
  • l n t Y 2 A gas burner plate according .to claim 1 in4 which the peakedprotrusions arepyramidal shape.
  • a gas burner plate according to claim 1 inwhich the peaked protrusions; are conical shape.
  • each said passage beingdened land separated from one another ⁇ by thin walls ofrceramic, each said passage having a crossv sectional ⁇ area not exceeding 0006 square inch,l the aggregate cross-sectional areas ofV they gas passages providing an openspace of atleast 50% fof the area'of said combustion surface, said combustion surface, havingaconfiguration comprising-,a plurality Yof'pealred protrusions,
  • a gas burnerk plate according toclaim 5 in.Y which the ceramic honeycomb is'formed of alithiumaluminosilicate material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
US200235A 1962-06-05 1962-06-05 Ceramic burner plate Expired - Lifetime US3170504A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US200235A US3170504A (en) 1962-06-05 1962-06-05 Ceramic burner plate
DE19631429135 DE1429135A1 (de) 1962-06-05 1963-05-29 Gasbrennerplatte
CH675163A CH419516A (de) 1962-06-05 1963-05-30 Gasbrennerplatte
GB21949/63A GB1019807A (en) 1962-06-05 1963-05-31 Ceramic burner plate

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US200235A US3170504A (en) 1962-06-05 1962-06-05 Ceramic burner plate

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US3170504A true US3170504A (en) 1965-02-23

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CH (1) CH419516A (de)
DE (1) DE1429135A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1019807A (de)

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3251396A (en) * 1963-08-20 1966-05-17 Corning Glass Works Ceramic burner plate
US3302689A (en) * 1965-02-11 1967-02-07 William C Milligan Catalytically active radiant tile
US3307612A (en) * 1964-04-06 1967-03-07 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Convergent-stream grid-type gas burner
US3459170A (en) * 1964-12-30 1969-08-05 Columbia Gas Service System Co Heat-cleaning oven and method
US3492986A (en) * 1966-04-18 1970-02-03 Maurice Partiot Directional beamed radiant heaters
US3510239A (en) * 1966-04-18 1970-05-05 Maurice Partiot Directional radiant heaters
US3685950A (en) * 1969-06-23 1972-08-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Combustion apparatus for mixing fuel and air in divided portions
US3954387A (en) * 1972-06-08 1976-05-04 J. Tennant & Sons (Warrington) Limited Burners
US4063873A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-12-20 Rinnai Kabushiki Kaisha Infrared gas burner plate
DE2834892A1 (de) * 1977-08-09 1979-02-22 Tennant & Sons Warrington Ltd Gasbrenner
US4248586A (en) * 1978-05-31 1981-02-03 J. Tennant & Sons (Warrington) Limited Gas burners
US4504218A (en) * 1981-02-03 1985-03-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Ceramic burner plate
US4508502A (en) * 1982-06-14 1985-04-02 Rinnai Corporation Infrared gas burner plate
US4544347A (en) * 1983-07-07 1985-10-01 Tennant Radiant Heat Limited Artificial fuel-effect gas fires
US4747781A (en) * 1985-03-27 1988-05-31 Patenaude Jean Pierre Combustion system
US4805588A (en) * 1987-06-01 1989-02-21 Connerton Appliance Company Over and under radiant broiler oven
US5488545A (en) * 1993-06-30 1996-01-30 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Lighting fixture control apparatus for vehicle
US5622491A (en) * 1992-03-12 1997-04-22 Flameco-Eclipse, B.V. Gas burner having a pack of stacked metal plates at the combustion chamber inlet
WO1999008048A1 (en) 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Woodflame Inc. Burner for a cooking apparatus
US5899686A (en) * 1996-08-19 1999-05-04 Gas Research Institute Gas burner apparatus having a flame holder structure with a contoured surface
US5997285A (en) * 1996-08-19 1999-12-07 Gas Research Institute Burner housing and plenum configuration for gas-fired burners
US20080213715A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2008-09-04 Cascade Designs, Inc. High efficiency radiant burner
US20090029306A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-29 Schwank Bernd H Ceramic Burner Plate
US20090071160A1 (en) * 2007-09-14 2009-03-19 Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Wavy CMC Wall Hybrid Ceramic Apparatus
US20090288909A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 Cooper Technologies Company Sintered elements and associated systems
US20100284150A1 (en) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Cooper Technologies Company Explosion-proof enclosures with active thermal management using sintered elements
US20130280662A1 (en) * 2010-11-16 2013-10-24 Ulrich Dreizler Combustion method with cool flame base
CN104541103A (zh) * 2012-07-05 2015-04-22 瑟梅塔公司 表面燃烧的气体燃烧器
US20150192291A1 (en) * 2014-01-06 2015-07-09 Rheem Manufacturing Company Multi-Cone Fuel Burner Apparatus For Multi-Tube Heat Exchanger
US20160091199A1 (en) * 2014-09-25 2016-03-31 Selas Heat Technology Company Llc Low nox, high efficiency, high temperature, staged recirculating burner and radiant tube combustion system
US20160230986A1 (en) * 2015-02-09 2016-08-11 Vladimir SHMELEV Method for surface stabilized combustion (ssc) of gaseous fuel/oxidant mixtures and a burner design thereof
JP2017120145A (ja) * 2015-12-28 2017-07-06 川崎重工業株式会社 平面燃焼バーナ用バーナプレート
US9863718B2 (en) 2009-05-14 2018-01-09 Cooper Technologies Company Explosion-proof enclosures with active thermal management by heat exchange
US20210259462A1 (en) * 2020-02-24 2021-08-26 Guilherme Kunz Burner for rotisserie grill
US11255538B2 (en) * 2015-02-09 2022-02-22 Gas Technology Institute Radiant infrared gas burner
US11378273B2 (en) * 2017-01-11 2022-07-05 A. O. Smith Corporation Reduced resonance burner
US11959642B2 (en) * 2022-02-07 2024-04-16 Doosan Enerbility Co., Ltd. Micro-mixer and gas turbine including same
US12038178B2 (en) * 2022-02-07 2024-07-16 Doosan Enerbility Co., Ltd. Micro-mixer with multi-stage fuel supply and gas turbine including same

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JPS505410A (de) * 1973-05-18 1975-01-21
DE3227201A1 (de) * 1982-07-21 1984-01-26 Wester Mineralien A.& H. Wester KG, 5305 Alfter Verfahren zur herstellung von keramischen, poroesen formkoerpern
GB8405241D0 (en) * 1984-02-29 1984-04-04 Wonderfire Gas Logs Ltd Burner arrangement
US5409375A (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-04-25 Selee Corporation Radiant burner
US5705071A (en) * 1996-08-16 1998-01-06 Vesuvius Crucible Company Pleated ceramic filter
US5785851A (en) * 1996-08-23 1998-07-28 Vesuvius Crucible Company High capacity filter

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US1731053A (en) * 1928-05-31 1929-10-08 Doherty Res Co Porous refractory diaphragm
CA626559A (en) * 1961-08-29 Z. Hollenbach Robert Method of making ceramic articles

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US1731053A (en) * 1928-05-31 1929-10-08 Doherty Res Co Porous refractory diaphragm

Cited By (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3251396A (en) * 1963-08-20 1966-05-17 Corning Glass Works Ceramic burner plate
US3307612A (en) * 1964-04-06 1967-03-07 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Convergent-stream grid-type gas burner
US3459170A (en) * 1964-12-30 1969-08-05 Columbia Gas Service System Co Heat-cleaning oven and method
US3302689A (en) * 1965-02-11 1967-02-07 William C Milligan Catalytically active radiant tile
US3492986A (en) * 1966-04-18 1970-02-03 Maurice Partiot Directional beamed radiant heaters
US3510239A (en) * 1966-04-18 1970-05-05 Maurice Partiot Directional radiant heaters
US3685950A (en) * 1969-06-23 1972-08-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Combustion apparatus for mixing fuel and air in divided portions
US3954387A (en) * 1972-06-08 1976-05-04 J. Tennant & Sons (Warrington) Limited Burners
US4063873A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-12-20 Rinnai Kabushiki Kaisha Infrared gas burner plate
DE2834892A1 (de) * 1977-08-09 1979-02-22 Tennant & Sons Warrington Ltd Gasbrenner
US4248586A (en) * 1978-05-31 1981-02-03 J. Tennant & Sons (Warrington) Limited Gas burners
US4504218A (en) * 1981-02-03 1985-03-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Ceramic burner plate
US4508502A (en) * 1982-06-14 1985-04-02 Rinnai Corporation Infrared gas burner plate
US4544347A (en) * 1983-07-07 1985-10-01 Tennant Radiant Heat Limited Artificial fuel-effect gas fires
US4747781A (en) * 1985-03-27 1988-05-31 Patenaude Jean Pierre Combustion system
US4924847A (en) * 1985-03-27 1990-05-15 Patenaude Jean Pierre Combustion system
US4805588A (en) * 1987-06-01 1989-02-21 Connerton Appliance Company Over and under radiant broiler oven
US5622491A (en) * 1992-03-12 1997-04-22 Flameco-Eclipse, B.V. Gas burner having a pack of stacked metal plates at the combustion chamber inlet
US5488545A (en) * 1993-06-30 1996-01-30 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Lighting fixture control apparatus for vehicle
US5899686A (en) * 1996-08-19 1999-05-04 Gas Research Institute Gas burner apparatus having a flame holder structure with a contoured surface
US5997285A (en) * 1996-08-19 1999-12-07 Gas Research Institute Burner housing and plenum configuration for gas-fired burners
US6004129A (en) * 1996-08-19 1999-12-21 Gas Research Institute Burner housing and plenum configuration for gas-fired burners
WO1999008048A1 (en) 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Woodflame Inc. Burner for a cooking apparatus
US20080213715A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2008-09-04 Cascade Designs, Inc. High efficiency radiant burner
US20090029306A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-29 Schwank Bernd H Ceramic Burner Plate
US20090071160A1 (en) * 2007-09-14 2009-03-19 Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Wavy CMC Wall Hybrid Ceramic Apparatus
US7908867B2 (en) * 2007-09-14 2011-03-22 Siemens Energy, Inc. Wavy CMC wall hybrid ceramic apparatus
US20090288909A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 Cooper Technologies Company Sintered elements and associated systems
US7938223B2 (en) * 2008-05-21 2011-05-10 Cooper Technologies Company Sintered elements and associated systems
US20100284150A1 (en) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Cooper Technologies Company Explosion-proof enclosures with active thermal management using sintered elements
US8512430B2 (en) 2009-05-05 2013-08-20 Cooper Technologies Company Explosion-proof enclosures with active thermal management using sintered elements
US8992649B2 (en) 2009-05-05 2015-03-31 Cooper Technologies Company Explosion-proof enclosures with active thermal management using sintered elements
US9863718B2 (en) 2009-05-14 2018-01-09 Cooper Technologies Company Explosion-proof enclosures with active thermal management by heat exchange
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1429135A1 (de) 1969-03-06
GB1019807A (en) 1966-02-09
CH419516A (de) 1966-08-31

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