US3159512A - Process for the production of primer compositions for percussion caps including rimfire cartridges - Google Patents
Process for the production of primer compositions for percussion caps including rimfire cartridges Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3159512A US3159512A US43012A US4301260A US3159512A US 3159512 A US3159512 A US 3159512A US 43012 A US43012 A US 43012A US 4301260 A US4301260 A US 4301260A US 3159512 A US3159512 A US 3159512A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- trinitrophloroglucinol
- salt
- lead salt
- crystallization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 75
- WUCYBAXJJOWQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triol Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O WUCYBAXJJOWQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 20
- IXHMHWIBCIYOAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N styphnic acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O IXHMHWIBCIYOAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910021346 calcium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004655 tetrazenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- USXDFAGDIOXNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulminate Chemical group [O-][N+]#[C-] USXDFAGDIOXNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100345589 Mus musculus Mical1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical class [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium peroxide Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][O-] ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRNINGUKUJWZTH-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N VRNINGUKUJWZTH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury difulminate Chemical compound [O-][N+]#C[Hg]C#[N+][O-] MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B41/00—Compositions containing a nitrated metallo-organic compound
- C06B41/02—Compositions containing a nitrated metallo-organic compound the compound containing lead
Definitions
- a primer for instance of a percussion cap in the cartridge for fire-arms, is to transform the mechanical impulse of the blow of the striker into chemical heat energy in such a short time that the intended maximal pressure is reached in the expected short time.
- the percussion caps consist of small cylindrical cups of copper or brass which are closed at one end. They are filled with a priming mixture with a high sensitiveness against percussion. The quantity ofthe priming mixture depends on the kind and 011 the size of the cartridges, andamounts to -120 milligrams, for small arms to 15-60 milligrams.
- the known rimfire cartridges which have no separated percussion caps contain the priming mixture between the two surfaces of the out pressed rim. By the blow of the striker this priming mixture will be crushed so heavily between the two surfaces of the rim that the ignition takes place.
- Rimfire "cartridges contain a smaller quantity of the priming mixture, usually 10-18 milligrams, but with a higher content of the initial explosive.
- priming mixtures for igniting the powder charge of cartridges consist of an initial high sensitive explosive and of a thermal combination of nitrates, for instance barium nitrate and potassium nitrate, superoxides, for instance lead dioxide and barium superoxide, chromates, for instance lead chromate-and of easy burning substances having a high thermal effect, for instance antimony sulfide, calcium silicide, silicon etc.
- the mixtures contain often gritty substances such as powdered glass are preferably included.
- the lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol surpasses the lead salt of trinitroresorcinol in satisfying the requirements for a trinitroresorcinol, produced for example by heating the hydrated salt for several hours to temperatures of about 140 C., possesses not only per 'se a greater sensitivity to percussion, but also when in "combination with the.
- a highly suitable substance for use as priming charge in percussion caps and rimfire cartridges is the lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol, containing one molecule of water of crystallization.
- the lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol containing water of crystallization is prepared by precipitation of a lead nitrate solution with a solution of an easily soluble salt of trinitrophloroglucinol, for instance the magnesium salt, at temperatures between 50-80 C., and by inoculating the precipitation solution with crystals of the lead salt containing water of crystallization.
- Second Precipitation Solution gm. of lead nitrate are dissolvedin 600 ml. of
- the lead nitrate solution is heated in the waterbath to 50-80" C. and inoculated with several milligrams of preformed crystals of lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol containing water of. crystallization.
- the time for adding the second solution shall be -12 minutes.
- the temperature shall neither fall below 50 C. nor rise above 80 C. Good stirring is necessary.
- the lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol containing one molecule of water of crystallization is obtained in the form of small orange-colored, comparatively voluminous needles in contrast to the dark-red free-flowing crystals having a high specific gravity of the anhydrous lead salt of trinitropl'iloroglucinol.
- the explanation for the differences in appearance and properties is that the anhydrous lead salt forms crystals classified with the isometric or regular system, while the hydrated lead salt precipitates as crystals classified with the monoclinic or prismatic system.
- tie lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol containing water of crystallization imparts to the priming mixtures produced therewith an essentially higher sensitivity to percussion than the denser anhydrous salt of more compact crystalline structure.
- the sensitivity of the new primer charges lies in the substitution of the hydrated lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol for the lead salt of trinitroresorcinol, as well as in the elimination of the tetrazene employed as sensitizing agent.
- the lead salt of trinitroresorcinol is also objectionable when considered from a safety viewpoint.
- the lead salt of trinitroresorcinol very quickly takes on an electrostatic charge so that, unless sufficient precautions are taken, a risk of building up a charge of sufficient magnitude to produce a spark, which may unintentionally initiate an explosion, is always involved. This necessarily increase the risk in drying, handling, in mixing and charging.
- the electrical self-excitation in the lead salts or" trinitrophloroglucinol is only about one fifth as great as that of the lead salt of trinitroresorcinol.
- the amount of electrical charge accumulated by the lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol despite its higher ignition sensitivity, never attains the dangerous values observed in the case of the lead salt of trinitroresorcinol.
- the composition in accordance with the invention has the additional advantage that it is safer to handle in [5, both the mixing and char ing operations, as well as in storage and transportation, etc., due to its physical properties.
- the percussion caps and rimfire cartridges in connection with which the invention is employed, are and may be of any suitable and usual construction wellknown to those skilled in the art.
- the active components of the priming composition are admixed in the same manner as in the case of the conventional composiions, employingthe lead salt of trinitrorcsorcinol.
- the lead salt of trinitrcphloroglucinol containing water of crystallization due to the greater effectiveness of the lead salt of trinitrcphloroglucinol containing water of crystallization, the proportion of this substance in the explosive mixture can be, if necessary, somewhat reduced to about 28-35% of the total mixture.
- the percentage of the lead salt in the mixtures depends on the desired effect in priming the powder charge of the cartridges.
- the other components of the mixture are similar to those employed in connection with the mixtures containing the lead salt of tri-nitroresorcinol.
- oxygen carriers there may be utilized barium nitrate and potassium nitrate, lead dioxide, red lead, lead nitrate or lead chromate, etc.
- antimony sulfide calcium silicide, ferro silicon and lead thiocyanate may be employed. According to the most recent observations and experiences, finely distributed silicon and elementary boron may also be used.
- the two last-named substances are, on account of the peculiar affinity of these elements for lead compounds, particularly elfective in priming mixtures which contain as the explosive agent a lead compound. Further, they contribute to the sensitization of the compositions.
- a part of the hydrated salt may be replaced by the anhydrous lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol.
- the amount of the hydrated salt in the composition must amount to at least about 10% of the total composition, in order to impart to the same the necessary sensitivity to percussion.
- the hydrated lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol in such mixtures assumes the roll of the sensitizer similar to that played by tetrazene.
- a method for preparing a priming composition is provided in which ignition by percussion is ensured.
- a priming charge consisting of at least 10% of the hydrated lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol is superior to the regular charge containing the tetrazenesensitized lead salt of trinitroresorcinol. It is safer to handle in both the mixing and charging operations, due to its physical properties.
- certain proportions of the components of the priming charge have been indicated as preferable, these proportions may be varied within limits. It is further obvious that various changes may be made in details Without departing from the spirit of this invention. It is, therefore, to be understood that this invention is not to be limited to the details described.
- a primer composition for percussion caps consisting essentially of 25-50% by weight of the lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol containing 1 molecule of water of crystallization,
- Primer composition for rimfire cartridges consisting essentially of 40-80% by weight of the lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol containing 1 molecule of water of crystallization,
- a primer composition for percussion caps and rimfire cartridges comprising a mixture of at least one oxygen carrier, at least one thermally acting material, at least one additional member selected from the group consisting of finely distributed silicon, elementary boron, and gritty inert material, and from 1080% by weight of the total composition of a lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol containing water of crystallization.
- a primer composition for percussion caps and rimfire cartridges consisting essentially of 1080% by weight of the lead salt of trinitrophloroglucinol containing one molecule of water of crystallization, 20-35% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of barium nitrate and lead nitrate, 38% by weight of lead dioxide, 49% by Weight of antimony sulfide, 012% by weight of calcium silicide, 1-8% by weight of finely divided elementary boron, and 06% by weight of powdered glass.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEH37013A DE1090557B (de) | 1959-07-24 | 1959-07-24 | Zuendsaetze fuer Perkussions- und Friktionszuender beliebiger Art |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3159512A true US3159512A (en) | 1964-12-01 |
Family
ID=7153184
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43012A Expired - Lifetime US3159512A (en) | 1959-07-24 | 1960-07-15 | Process for the production of primer compositions for percussion caps including rimfire cartridges |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3159512A (xx) |
| BE (1) | BE591955A (xx) |
| DE (1) | DE1090557B (xx) |
| GB (1) | GB940649A (xx) |
| SE (1) | SE303247B (xx) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3238076A (en) * | 1963-01-07 | 1966-03-01 | Taylor George William Charles | Process for primary explosives containing boron having reduced electrostatic sensitivity |
| US3954530A (en) * | 1966-03-08 | 1976-05-04 | Ministry Of Defence | Ignitable compositions comprising lead monoxide and boron |
| WO1993009073A1 (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1993-05-13 | Olin Corporation | Nontoxic priming mix |
| US20110259484A1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2011-10-27 | Ulrich Bley | Ignition sets with improved ignition performance |
| RU2616665C2 (ru) * | 2014-12-03 | 2017-04-18 | Акционерное общество "Ульяновский патронный завод" (АО "УПЗ") | Способ изготовления некорродирующего ударно-воспламеняющего состава для капсюля-воспламенителя к патронам стрелкового оружия |
| US10352671B1 (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2019-07-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Automated primer manufacturing machine and process |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE377269C (de) * | 1920-10-21 | 1923-06-15 | Edmund Von Herz | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zuendsaetzen fuer Zuendhuetchen u. dgl. |
| US1792863A (en) * | 1929-04-16 | 1931-02-17 | American Potash & Chem Corp | Process of crystallizing borax from solution |
| US2206652A (en) * | 1939-10-30 | 1940-07-02 | Western Cartridge Co | Explosive |
| US2497387A (en) * | 1943-10-06 | 1950-02-14 | Ici Ltd | Manufacture of fuse powder and fuses |
| US2522208A (en) * | 1946-06-26 | 1950-09-12 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Ammunition |
| US2685252A (en) * | 1945-06-12 | 1954-08-03 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Primer |
| US2717204A (en) * | 1952-05-02 | 1955-09-06 | Du Pont | Blasting initiator composition |
| US2923612A (en) * | 1956-01-27 | 1960-02-02 | Ici Ltd | Gas-producing compositions |
-
1959
- 1959-07-24 DE DEH37013A patent/DE1090557B/de active Pending
-
1960
- 1960-05-31 SE SE5367/60A patent/SE303247B/xx unknown
- 1960-06-16 BE BE591955A patent/BE591955A/fr unknown
- 1960-07-15 US US43012A patent/US3159512A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1960-07-21 GB GB25453/60A patent/GB940649A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE377269C (de) * | 1920-10-21 | 1923-06-15 | Edmund Von Herz | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zuendsaetzen fuer Zuendhuetchen u. dgl. |
| US1792863A (en) * | 1929-04-16 | 1931-02-17 | American Potash & Chem Corp | Process of crystallizing borax from solution |
| US2206652A (en) * | 1939-10-30 | 1940-07-02 | Western Cartridge Co | Explosive |
| US2497387A (en) * | 1943-10-06 | 1950-02-14 | Ici Ltd | Manufacture of fuse powder and fuses |
| US2685252A (en) * | 1945-06-12 | 1954-08-03 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Primer |
| US2522208A (en) * | 1946-06-26 | 1950-09-12 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Ammunition |
| US2717204A (en) * | 1952-05-02 | 1955-09-06 | Du Pont | Blasting initiator composition |
| US2923612A (en) * | 1956-01-27 | 1960-02-02 | Ici Ltd | Gas-producing compositions |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3238076A (en) * | 1963-01-07 | 1966-03-01 | Taylor George William Charles | Process for primary explosives containing boron having reduced electrostatic sensitivity |
| US3954530A (en) * | 1966-03-08 | 1976-05-04 | Ministry Of Defence | Ignitable compositions comprising lead monoxide and boron |
| WO1993009073A1 (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1993-05-13 | Olin Corporation | Nontoxic priming mix |
| AU662770B2 (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1995-09-14 | Olin Corporation | Nontoxic priming mix |
| US20110259484A1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2011-10-27 | Ulrich Bley | Ignition sets with improved ignition performance |
| US10118871B2 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2018-11-06 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Ignition sets with improved ignition performance |
| RU2616665C2 (ru) * | 2014-12-03 | 2017-04-18 | Акционерное общество "Ульяновский патронный завод" (АО "УПЗ") | Способ изготовления некорродирующего ударно-воспламеняющего состава для капсюля-воспламенителя к патронам стрелкового оружия |
| US10352671B1 (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2019-07-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Automated primer manufacturing machine and process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB940649A (en) | 1963-10-30 |
| BE591955A (fr) | 1960-10-17 |
| DE1090557B (de) | 1960-10-06 |
| SE303247B (xx) | 1968-08-19 |
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