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US3109877A - Apparatus for modifying the composition of strip metal - Google Patents

Apparatus for modifying the composition of strip metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3109877A
US3109877A US40375A US4037560A US3109877A US 3109877 A US3109877 A US 3109877A US 40375 A US40375 A US 40375A US 4037560 A US4037560 A US 4037560A US 3109877 A US3109877 A US 3109877A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
coil
strip
chamber
laps
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US40375A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wilson Lee
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Individual
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Priority to US40375A priority Critical patent/US3109877A/en
Priority to GB45452/62A priority patent/GB968346A/en
Priority to GB20952/61A priority patent/GB968345A/en
Priority to DE1961W0030202 priority patent/DE1408978C3/de
Priority to BE605609A priority patent/BE605609A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3109877A publication Critical patent/US3109877A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases

Definitions

  • steel is commonly carburized and decarburized, nitrided and de-nitn'ded, chromized and dechromized, etc.
  • a suitable reacting agent :or material which may be gaseous or solid in form, and heating same.
  • Such processes are effective on parts such as castings, forgings, etc., to produce a relatively thin shell or case of the modified composition on the outside of the article being treated.
  • t is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and procedure for making strip metal whereby long lengths of strip may be subjected, simultaneously over its entire surface area, to contact with a gas of such chemical composition that such contact, at proper temperature and for the proper time, will effect the desired change in the composition of the entire length of the strip for any desired penetration up to the full thickness thereof.
  • My process includes recoiling the usual tight wound coils of strip metal that come from the rolling mill or other processing step into opened form with the laps spaced apart. This may be done in any suitable manner,
  • the procedure of said application involves rewinding a tight wound coil with :a spacer string or strand between the laps thereof.
  • the diameter of the spacer strand is equal to the desired spacing between the laps of the opened coil and, after recoiling is completed, the spacer strand is withdrawn, leaving the coil with substantially unimpeded vertical passages between all of its laps.
  • the lap spacer may be in the form of a corrugated strip or expanded coil spring and may be left in position between the laps of the coil during treatment.
  • the term opened coil as used herein is intended to include both coils from which the spacer has been removed and those in which a pervious spacer is permitted to remain during my processing procedure.
  • an opened coil C of suitable composition and gage is positioned in chamber or housing H through a suitable opening in one side thereof (not shown but which may conveniently be in the front or rear of the housing H seen in the drawing).
  • the opened coil C is supported on a coil support and plenum chamber P, the upper face P of which is in the form of an open grid on which the lower edges of the laps of the strip of coil C are supported.
  • Plenum chamber P also includes suitable bafile walls B and B whereby all of the atmosphere which is forced up through the inlet conduit 1 and inlet passage l in housing H is caused to flow upwardly through the spaces between the laps of the coil C.
  • Such atmosphere leaves the top of coil C as indicated by the arrows in the drawing and passes upwardly through the outlet conduit 2 from the chamber H.
  • transverse slots H may be provided in the base portion H" of chamber H to accommodate the arms of a lift fork adapted to lift the coil support and plenum chamber P with :a .coil C supported thereon and move same into or out of chamber H.
  • An upper heating gas conduit 3 extends from the outlet conduit 2 to a circulating fan or blower 4, driven by suitable means (not shown).
  • the output of blower 4 is directed into a heater 5 wherein the gas may be heated by any suitable means such as radiant combustion tubes, electric heating elements, etc.
  • the output from the heater 5 flows through the lower heating gas conduit 6 which connects to the bottom end of inlet conduit 1.
  • Dampers 7 and 8 are disposed in the heating gas conduits 3 and 6 respectively adjacent the inlet and outlet conduits 1 and 2. When these dampers are open, circulating of gas is effected by the blower 4 down through the heater 5, up through the opened coil C where heat is transferred to the coil, and back through the heater 5 again in continuous fashion. Vlhen the dampers 7 and 8 are closed, as seen in the drawing, circulation of gas through the heater 5 is prevented.
  • a conduit 9 is provided which extends around the chamber H and is connected at its upper end to the outlet conduit 2 and at its lower end to the inlet conduit 1.
  • a blower 19 is interposed in conduit 9 to move gas therethrough, and dampers 11 and 12 are provided to shut oif the lower and upper ends of conduit 9 respectively from the inlet conduit 1 and outlet conduit 2 of the chamber H.
  • an opened coil of suitable gage and composition is inserted into chamber H and supported on the top grid of plenum P.
  • the charging door (not shown) of the chamber is then, of course, closed and, with bafiles 11 and 12 closed and bafiles 7 and 8 open, circulation of the atmosphere is eifected by the blower 4.
  • This flow is up through 'the laps of the coil C, down through the heater 5 where heat is added to the gas, and again up through the coil C until the coil reaches the desired temperature.
  • This heating operation is very rapidly and efficiently carried out because the entire surface area of both sides of the entire length of the strip making up coil C is simultaneously and at all times exposed to the rapidly moving stream of heated gas.
  • the heating gas maybe of any desired composition, for example inert or nonexidizing in the case of the treatment of steel strip.
  • the blower 4 is stopped, dampers 7 and 8 are closed by suitable outside control and dampers 11 and 12 are similarly opened.
  • a reactant gas for instance ammonia in gaseous form
  • the heated steel strip is subjected to contact over its entire surface with the reactant gas (the composition of which depends on the type and quantity supplied through pipe 13) for such time as is necessary to produce the desired change in composition of the strip.
  • the desired result may be achieved after one heating of the opened coil whereas in other cases it may be necessary to heat the strip several times by stopping the circulation of the reactant gas (by shutting down the blowerltl and closing the dampers 11 and 12) and reheating the coil by again circulating heating gas therethrough and through the heater 5.
  • the entire strip by subjecting the strip to the proper gaseous medium for the proper length of time at the proper temperature, the entire strip, either on its outer surfaces only or through its complete thickness, may be modified in its composition.
  • the complete opera: tion may be carried out most economically and in a relatively short time.
  • conduit 9 and blower 10 may be shut off or omitted and reactant gas circulated through the opened coil and through the heater 5.
  • a reactant supply pipe corresponding to pipe 13 may be connected into the conduit system to permit the reacting agent to be added in proper quantity.
  • Bleed pipe 14 and valve 15 could, of course,
  • My improved method is particularly adapted for making steel strip in long lengths of substantially uniform and homogeneous composition throughout.
  • mild steel of relatively low carbon content i.e., below about .008% carbon
  • strip form the following procedure obtains excellent results.
  • iron is partially refined, as in a Bessemer converter or an open hearth furnace, to produce a mild steel having approximately .Ol2% carbon.
  • This steel is then cast in ingots which are rolled by any suitable procedure to produce strip of a gage or thickness between about .04" and about .10.
  • This strip is formed into tight wound coils which are then converted into opened coils with their laps spaced apart as by the procedures referred to previously in this specification.
  • the entire length of the strip making up an opened 7 coil is subjected, preferably at a temperature from about 1250 F. to 1400 F., to intimate contact with a rapidly moving flowof a suitable decarburizing gas (such as water vapor mixed with hydrogen and nitrogen, or other gaseous agents which have an afiinity for and will combine with and remove carbonfrom' the steel without undesirable oxidation) simultaneously over both sides of its entire length.
  • a suitable decarburizing gas such as water vapor mixed with hydrogen and nitrogen, or other gaseous agents which have an afiinity for and will combine with and remove carbonfrom' the steel without undesirable oxidation
  • homogeneous steel strip may be produced having a carbon content from substantially zero up to about 008% at a cost greatly below, and with a much better control of the final product than previous procedures for making such low carbon steel strip which required that the carbon content of the steel be brought down to the desired final low value in an open hearth furnace or the like before rolling into strip form.
  • a coil of strip steel may be annealed and decarburized in a single operation and without taking any more time than would be required merely to anneal the strip.
  • Apparatus for modifying the chemical composition of opened coils of strip metal having the laps thereof spaced apart including, a treatment chamber having spaced gas inlet and outlet openings, an inlet conduit extending from said inlet opening and an outlet conduit extending from said outlet opening, means for supporting an opened coil in said treatment chamber and directing gaseous atmosphere vertically through the spaces between the laps thereof, gas atmosphere heat-ing means, gas conducting conduits extending from said outlet conduit to said heating means and from said heating means to said inlet conduit, blower means disposed to circulate gaseous atmosphere through said chamber and the laps of an opened coil supported therein and through said heating means, means for closing one of said gas conducting conduits whereby circulation through said gas atmosphere heating means is prevented, a reactant gas circulating conduit extending from said chamber outlet conduit outside of said chamber and back to said chamber inlet conduit, blower means for effecting circulation of gas through said reactant gas conduit and said chamber and the laps of an opened coil supported therein, means for supplying a gaseous reactant material to the gas circulated through
  • Apparatus for modifying the chemical composition of opened coils of strip metal having the laps thereof spaced apart including, a treatment chamber having spaced gas inlet and outlet openings, an inlet conduit extending from said inlet opening and an outlet conduit extending from said outlet opening, means for supporting an opened coil in said treatment chamber and directing gaseous atmosphere vertically through the spaces between the laps thereof, means for charging an open coil into and removing same from said treatment chamber, gas atmosphere heating means, gas conducting conduits extending from said outlet conduit to said heating means and from said heating means to said inlet conduit, blower means disposed to circulate gaseous atmosphere through said chamber and the laps of an opened coil supported therein and through said heating means, means for closing one of said gas conducting conduits whereby circulation through said gas atmosphere heating means is prevented, a reactant gas circulating conduit extending from said chamber outlet conduit outside of said chamber and back to said chamber inlet conduit, blower means for efiecting circulation of gas through said reactant gas conduit and said chamber and the laps of an opened coi-l supported there

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
US40375A 1960-07-01 1960-07-01 Apparatus for modifying the composition of strip metal Expired - Lifetime US3109877A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40375A US3109877A (en) 1960-07-01 1960-07-01 Apparatus for modifying the composition of strip metal
GB45452/62A GB968346A (en) 1960-07-01 1961-06-09 Apparatus for modifying the composition of strip metal
GB20952/61A GB968345A (en) 1960-07-01 1961-06-09 Method of modifying the composition of strip metal
DE1961W0030202 DE1408978C3 (de) 1960-07-01 1961-06-20 Vorrichtung zur durchführung von wärmebehandlungen von zu offenen spulen gewickelten metallbändern bei gleichzeitiger änderung der chemischen zusammensetzung
BE605609A BE605609A (fr) 1960-07-01 1961-06-30 Procédé et appareil pour modifier la composition et les caractéristiques d'un métal en bande

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40375A US3109877A (en) 1960-07-01 1960-07-01 Apparatus for modifying the composition of strip metal

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3109877A true US3109877A (en) 1963-11-05

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US40375A Expired - Lifetime US3109877A (en) 1960-07-01 1960-07-01 Apparatus for modifying the composition of strip metal

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US (1) US3109877A (fr)
BE (1) BE605609A (fr)
DE (1) DE1408978C3 (fr)
GB (2) GB968346A (fr)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3168607A (en) * 1960-12-28 1965-02-02 Greene Ben Methods of heat treating articles
US3174883A (en) * 1963-02-19 1965-03-23 Hazen Engineering Company Method of and apparatus for annealing metal bodies
US3211590A (en) * 1962-08-17 1965-10-12 Hazen Engineering Company Method of and apparatus for annealing sheet metal
US3268371A (en) * 1961-03-07 1966-08-23 Daubersy Jean Process and apparatus for annealing metal plates
US3281290A (en) * 1964-03-09 1966-10-25 United States Steel Corp Open coil annealing
US3290184A (en) * 1965-08-13 1966-12-06 Armco Steel Corp Annealing metal in coils
US3294596A (en) * 1961-02-24 1966-12-27 Daubersy Jean Process and apparatus for annealing thin steel plates
US3309073A (en) * 1962-03-14 1967-03-14 Heurtey Sa Apparatus for heat treating spools of open-wound metal strip
US3313660A (en) * 1963-07-15 1967-04-11 Crucible Steel Co America Cutting articles and stock therefor and methods of making the same
US3459416A (en) * 1965-06-21 1969-08-05 Loftus Engineering Corp Industrial furnaces
US4740158A (en) * 1987-01-28 1988-04-26 Combustion Research Corporation Radiant energy drying oven with fume incineration feature
US4817920A (en) * 1984-11-21 1989-04-04 Salem Furnace Co. Apparatus for continuous heat treatment of metal strip in coil form
US20050186342A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2005-08-25 Nanosolar, Inc. Formation of CIGS absorber layer materials using atomic layer deposition and high throughput surface treatment
EP2032917A1 (fr) * 2006-06-08 2009-03-11 Novelis Inc. Appareil et procédé de refroidissement de serpentin
US20110048327A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition
US20110048328A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus for gaseous vapor deposition
US20110048991A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Loaded film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition
US20110049285A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and method for loading a film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3338852C2 (de) * 1982-12-11 1987-02-26 Man Technologie Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen Verfahren zum oxidativen Beschichten von metallischen Werkstoffen
GB2167170B (en) * 1984-11-21 1988-05-18 Salem Furnace Heat treatment of coils of metal

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1569355A (en) * 1920-12-21 1926-01-12 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Method of annealing sheet steel
US1727192A (en) * 1926-08-20 1929-09-03 Thaddeus F Baily Annealing equipment and method
US1857215A (en) * 1930-03-05 1932-05-10 Gen Electric Electrical induction apparatus
US2158065A (en) * 1935-01-09 1939-05-16 American Rolling Mill Co Art of producing magnetic materials
US2161162A (en) * 1938-01-06 1939-06-06 Leeds & Northrup Co Method of carburizing
US2275133A (en) * 1940-01-02 1942-03-03 Borg Warner Method of carburizing
US2975083A (en) * 1959-11-05 1961-03-14 William E Engelhard Carburizing procedure
US2998303A (en) * 1958-08-26 1961-08-29 Midland Ross Corp Method for purifying hydrogen contaminated with methane

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1569355A (en) * 1920-12-21 1926-01-12 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Method of annealing sheet steel
US1727192A (en) * 1926-08-20 1929-09-03 Thaddeus F Baily Annealing equipment and method
US1857215A (en) * 1930-03-05 1932-05-10 Gen Electric Electrical induction apparatus
US2158065A (en) * 1935-01-09 1939-05-16 American Rolling Mill Co Art of producing magnetic materials
US2161162A (en) * 1938-01-06 1939-06-06 Leeds & Northrup Co Method of carburizing
US2275133A (en) * 1940-01-02 1942-03-03 Borg Warner Method of carburizing
US2998303A (en) * 1958-08-26 1961-08-29 Midland Ross Corp Method for purifying hydrogen contaminated with methane
US2975083A (en) * 1959-11-05 1961-03-14 William E Engelhard Carburizing procedure

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3168607A (en) * 1960-12-28 1965-02-02 Greene Ben Methods of heat treating articles
US3294596A (en) * 1961-02-24 1966-12-27 Daubersy Jean Process and apparatus for annealing thin steel plates
US3268371A (en) * 1961-03-07 1966-08-23 Daubersy Jean Process and apparatus for annealing metal plates
US3309073A (en) * 1962-03-14 1967-03-14 Heurtey Sa Apparatus for heat treating spools of open-wound metal strip
US3211590A (en) * 1962-08-17 1965-10-12 Hazen Engineering Company Method of and apparatus for annealing sheet metal
US3174883A (en) * 1963-02-19 1965-03-23 Hazen Engineering Company Method of and apparatus for annealing metal bodies
US3313660A (en) * 1963-07-15 1967-04-11 Crucible Steel Co America Cutting articles and stock therefor and methods of making the same
US3281290A (en) * 1964-03-09 1966-10-25 United States Steel Corp Open coil annealing
US3459416A (en) * 1965-06-21 1969-08-05 Loftus Engineering Corp Industrial furnaces
US3290184A (en) * 1965-08-13 1966-12-06 Armco Steel Corp Annealing metal in coils
US4817920A (en) * 1984-11-21 1989-04-04 Salem Furnace Co. Apparatus for continuous heat treatment of metal strip in coil form
US4740158A (en) * 1987-01-28 1988-04-26 Combustion Research Corporation Radiant energy drying oven with fume incineration feature
US20050186342A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2005-08-25 Nanosolar, Inc. Formation of CIGS absorber layer materials using atomic layer deposition and high throughput surface treatment
US7858151B2 (en) * 2004-02-19 2010-12-28 Nanosolar, Inc. Formation of CIGS absorber layer materials using atomic layer deposition and high throughput surface treatment
US20110189815A1 (en) * 2004-02-19 2011-08-04 Sager Brian M Formation of cigs absorber layer materials using atomic layer deposition and high throughput surface treatment on coiled flexible substrates
EP2032917A1 (fr) * 2006-06-08 2009-03-11 Novelis Inc. Appareil et procédé de refroidissement de serpentin
EP2032917A4 (fr) * 2006-06-08 2014-04-23 Novelis Inc Appareil et procédé de refroidissement de serpentin
US20110048327A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition
US20110048328A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus for gaseous vapor deposition
US20110048991A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Loaded film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition
US20110049285A1 (en) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and method for loading a film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition
US8524003B2 (en) * 2009-08-31 2013-09-03 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Loaded film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition
US8529700B2 (en) * 2009-08-31 2013-09-10 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus for gaseous vapor deposition
US8534591B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2013-09-17 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus and method for loading a film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition
US8551249B2 (en) * 2009-08-31 2013-10-08 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Film cassette for gaseous vapor deposition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE605609A (fr) 1961-11-03
GB968346A (en) 1964-09-02
DE1408978A1 (de) 1968-10-17
DE1408978B2 (de) 1970-11-05
DE1408978C3 (de) 1970-11-05
GB968345A (en) 1964-09-02

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