Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/044—Hydroxides or bases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
  • C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
  • C11D3/225—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin etherified, e.g. CMC
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
  • C11D3/3418—Toluene -, xylene -, cumene -, benzene - or naphthalene sulfonates or sulfates

Definitions

• This invention relates to synthetic heavy-duty liquid detergents, and more particularly to synthetic heavy-duty liquid detergent compositions wherein the principal building and sequestering agent is sodium tripolyphosphate.
• the synthetic detergents have, for the most part, been marketed in the form of a powder, which powder is generally made up of an anionic detergent, such as a sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate, a foam stabilizer, such as a condensed alkanolamide of a fatty acid, a building or sequestering agent, such as sodium tripolyphosphate or tetrasodium pyrophosphate, a rust or corrosion inhibitor, such as sodium metasilicate, a soil suspending agent, such as sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and minor amounts of an optical bleach and a dye.
• anionic detergent such as a sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate
• a foam stabilizer such as a condensed alkanolamide of a fatty acid
• a building or sequestering agent such as sodium tripolyphosphate or tetrasodium pyrophosphate
• a rust or corrosion inhibitor such as sodium metasilicate
• such a composition does have several disadvantages. Foremost, is the fact that the potassium polyphosphates are about twice :as expensive as the corresponding sodium polyphosphate, thus causing a considerable increase in price of such a liquid heavy-duty detergent over that of the corresponding powder.
• the building and sequestering action, on an equal weight basis, of the potassium polyphosphates are somewhat less than those of the corresponding sodium polyphosphates, hence making it necessary to use a greater amount of the potassium polyphosphates to achieve results comparable to those achieved when using the sodium polyphosphates.
• a further object of this invention is to provide a synthetic heavy-duty liquid detergent of the above composition, which detergent is equal in cleaning per- .formance to both the heavy-duty detergent powders and the heavy-duty liquid detergents which use a potassium polyphosphate as the building or sequestering agent.
• a heavy-duty liquid detergent composition can be made utilizing sodium tripolyphosphate as the major building or sequestering agent, and which composition is equal in cleaning performance to both heavyduty powdered detergents and heavy-duty liquid detergents which utilize potassium polyphosphates as the building or sequestering agent.
• heavy-duty detergent refers to a product which is alkaline and is suitable for laundry use.
• light-duty detergent refers to a product that has a pH of about 7 and which is suitable for light household cleaning, such as dishes, etc.
• the liquid heavy-duty detergent composition of the present invention includes up to about 20%, preferably about 16%, by weight of the total constituents of the composition of a synthetic detergent, having the general formula R,,RSO HN(R wherein x is a number from 1 to 5, R is selected from alkyl groups having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, at least one of which has at least 8 carbon atoms, R is benzene, and R" is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups and alkanol groups, said alkyl and alkanol groups containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
• the synthetic detergent may consist entirely of the above detergent or it may be a mixture consisting of at least 11% by weight of the total constituents in the composition of the above synthetic detergent combined with a sufiicient amount to bring the total synthetic detergent percentage to 16% by weight of the total constituents in the composition of a synthetic detergent having the following general formula RCH OSO R wherein R is an alkyl group having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and R is selected from the group of alkali metals, i.e., sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium and francium.
• the liquid heavyduty detergent composition of the present invention includes up to about 20%, preferably about 16%, of sodium tripolyphosphate as the primary building or sequestering agent, up to about 2%, preferably about 1.5%, SiO as a sodium or potassium silicate as a corrosion inhibitor, up to about 6%, preferably about of a solubilizing agent, such as an alkali metal aryl sulfonate, as for example, potassium xylene sulfonate or potassium toluene sulfonate, and from 0.25 to 0.5%, preferably about 0.36%, lithium added as a water-soluble lithium compound, as for example, lithium hydroxide monohydrate.
• a solubilizing agent such as an alkali metal aryl sulfonate, as for example, potassium xylene sulfonate or potassium toluene sulfonate, and from 0.25 to 0.5%, preferably about 0.36%, lithium added as a water-soluble lithium compound, as for example,
• sufiicient potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to bring the pH of the solution within the range of 11 to 12.5 is also added, with about 60% water being added to make 100%.
• a soil suspending agent such as potassium carboxy methyl cellulose may also be added as well as minor amounts of an optical bleach, a dye, and a perfume.
• lithium in the form of a water-soluble lithium compound, such as lithium hydroxide monohydrate, is indispensible in the above formulation, if the formulation is to remain stable and not separate into solid and liquid phases.
• a water-soluble lithium compound such as lithium hydroxide monohydrate
• the desired amount of lithium may be added to the detergent formulation in the form of any water-soluble lithium compound, it will be understood that the compound used is limited to those compounds, the anion of which will not produce a deleterious effect on either the detergent composition itself, or in any cleaning process in which it is used.
• the detergent formulation have an initial pH of between 11 and 12.5. It has been found that this pH may be advantageously reached by adding the lithium in the form of lithium hydroxide monohydrate in the amount of from about 1.5 to 3%, preferably about 2.2%, by weight of the total constituents of the detergent composition.
• the major synthetic detergent compounds may be referred to generally as amine alkyl aryl sulfonates of which the following are specific examples of these compounds: tetrapropylene benzene triethanolamine sulfonate, tetrapropylene benzene diethanolamine sulfonate, tertiary octyl benzene triethanolamine sulfonate, keryl (C H to C H benzene triethanolamine sulfonate, monyl benzene triethanolamine sulfonate, monyl toluene triethanolamine sulfonate, dodecyl toluene triethanolamine sulfonate, dodecyl benzene triethanolamine sulfonate, as well as various other amine derivatives of the above compound, such as for example, the diethaneamine derivatives.
• excellent results have been produced when using tetrapropylene benzene triethanolamine sul
• the second synthetic detergent compounds may be re ferred to generally as alkali metal salts of sulfuric acid esters of higher alcohols.
• these compounds which are suitable for use in the composition of the present invention are: sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium, lauryl sulfate, sodium myristyl sulfate, potassium myristyl sulfate, sodium palmityl sulfate, potassium palmityl sulfate, sodium stearyl sulfate, potassium stearyl sulfate, as well as various other alkali metal salts of the above compounds.
• excellent results have been produced when using sodium or potassium lauryl sulfate and hence, these compounds are preferred in the composition of the present invention.
• liquid detergent composition of this invention good results have been obtained by mixing the solid ingredients with the aqueous medium with heating where necessary to aid in the dissolving of the solid ingredients. It is understood however, that the ingredients may be combined in any other order which is found to be satisfactory.
• Example I A liquid synthetic detergent formulation is prepared having the following composition in parts by Weight:
• Alkyl benzene triethanolamine sulfonate 1 (50% active ingredients, 2% impurities, 48% H O) 73.2 Potassium xylene sulfonate (96% active ingredients,
• the alkyl group is a. branched carbon chain having about 12 carbon atoms and designated by the manufacturer, The nqrviessee Corporation of tlanta, Georgia, as Sul-Fon-Ate
• the above composition is liquid having a pH of 12.6 and is stable, there being no layering, i.e., formation of liquid and solid phases, after more than 12 months.
• Example II A synthetic detergent formulation is made having the following composition in parts by weight:
• Alkyl benzene triethanolamine sulfonate (50% active ingredients, 4% impurities, 12% trieth-
• the alkyl group is a straight carbon chain containing about 12 carbon atoms and designated by the manufacturer, 'lhe National Aniline Division of the Allied Chemical Compap yl has igalcconol 60-5.
• the above composition is liquid having a pH of 12.3 and 1s stable, there being no layering, i.e., formation of liquid and solid phases after more than 12 months.
• Example III A synthetic detergent formulation is made having the following composition in parts by weight:
• Alkyl benzene triethanolamine sulfonate (50% active ingredients, 4% impurities, 12% triethanolamine sulfonate and 34% E 0) 50.18
• the alkyl group is a non-branched chain containing about 12 carbon atoms and designated by the manufacturer, The American Alcolac Corporation as Sipex K.
• This composition is liquid, having a pH of 12.4 and exhibits no layering after standing for more than 12 months.
• Example IV A synthetic detergent formulation having the following composition in parts by weight is made: Alkyl benzene triethanolamine sulfonate (60% active ingredients, 2% triethanolamine sulfonate, 38% H O) 61.00
• - 'Ihe alkyl group is a branched chain containing about 12 carbon atoms and designated by the manufacturer, The Atlantic Refining Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as -Ultrawet 60-L.
• the above formulation is a liquid having a pH of 12.4 and shows no sign of layering after standing for more than 12 months.
• Example V A synthetic detergent formulation is made up having the following composition in parts by weight: Alkyl benzene triethanolamine sulfonate (60% active ingredients, 2% triethanolamine sulfonate, 38% H O) 61.00
• the above composition is liquid, having a pH of 11.8 and exhibits no layering after standing for more than 12 months.
• the above composition is liquid, having a pH of 11.5 and exhibits no layering after standing for more than 12 months.
• Example VII A synethic detergent formulation is made up as in Example VI except that 3.5 parts by weight LiOH-H O, 2.01 parts by weight KOH and 69.36 parts by weight water are used. This formulation is liquid having a pH of 11.4 and exhibits no layering after standing for 12 months.
• Example VIII A synthetic detergent formulation as in Example VI is made up except that 3 parts by weight LiOH-H O, 2.68
• Example IX A synthetic detergent is made having the following composition in parts by weight:
• the alkyl group is a branched hydrocarbon chain containing about 12 carbon atoms and is designated by the rraalnpfacturer, Ninol Labs. of Chicago, Illinois as Ninex This formulation has a pH of 12.3 but is very unstable, forming solid and liquid layers upon standing overnight.
• Example X A synthetic detergent formulation is made as in Example IX except that 5.7 parts by weight NaOH is used instead of KOH and 75.87 parts by weight water are used. This formulation has a pH of 12.6 and like the formulation of Example VIII is very unstable, separating into solid and liquid layers upon standing overnight.
• Example XI A synthetic detergent formulation is made having the following composition in parts by weight:
• Alkyl benzene triethanolamine sulfonate (60% active ingredients, 2% triethanolamine sulfonate,
• the above formulation has a pH of 12.0 and is very unstable, forming liquid and solid layers upon standing overnight.
• the resulting detergent product is unstable. Moreover, it is also seen that the corresponding sodium and potassium compounds cannot be substituted for the ithium compound in the formulation and still obtain a stable composition.
• Example XII A synthetic detergent formulation is made having the following composition in parts by weight: Alkyl benzene triethanolamine sulfonate 1 (60% active ingredients, 2% triethanolamine sulfonate,
• the above formulation has a pH of 12.2 and is stable, there being no layering after standing for more than 6 months.
• Example XIII A synthetic detergent formulation is made as in Example XII with the exception that 46 parts by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate, 42.6 parts by weight of Ultrawet 60-L and 77.27 parts by weight of water are used. This formulation is a liquid, having a pH of 12.3, and is found to be unlayered after standing for more than 6 months.
• washing tests are made comparing the formulation of the present invention with a standard heavy-duty synthetic powder and a synthetic heavy-duty potassium polyphosphate built liquid detergent.
• the apparatus used in these tests is a Launder-Ometer, the standard laboratory washing machine of the American Association of Textile Chemists and-Colorists, manufactured by The Atlas Electric Devices Company of Chicago, Illinois. This machine consists of a water bath, having positioned herein a rotor which carries 20 glass jars or similar sample holders. The rotor is driven in the water bath at a speed of 42 rpm, the temperature of the water bath being thermostatically controlled at 120 F.
• wheat starch and a mixture of vegetable and mineral oils, are placed in each glass .jar with ml. of water and 0.5 g.-1 g. of the detergent to be tested, the water having a known hardness.
• Ten rubber balls are placed in each jar to provide mechanical agitation for the samples and the jars are closed and placed in the Launder-Ometer.
• the jars are rotated in the Launder- Ometer for a period of 30 minutes at a temperature of 120 F after which time the fabric specimens are rinsed, by agitation, for 30 seconds in 6 liters of distilled water at a temperature of F.
• the patches are then placed between two cotton towels and ironed with an electric iron until dry.
• the amount of light reflected from the patches is measured both before and after the washing test with a standard photometer, the gain in the amount of reflectance after washing being used as the measure of the effectiveness of the detergent.
• the standard soil used in these tests consists of 3 gms. of Germantown lampblack, 6 gms. of wheat starch and 9 gms. of a vegetable shortening, which materials are warmed to 100 F. and mulled into a paste. To this paste is added 12.9 grns. of a high grade, impurity free mineral oil, designated by the manufacturer as Nujol, and the mixture is stirred at a temperature of 100 F. until homogeneous.
• the heavy-duty powder synthetic detergent which is used is a commercial product containing about 20% of a synthetic detergent which is a combination of a sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate and a sodium alcohol sulfate about 2% of a condensed alkanol amide of a fatty acid as a foam stabilizer, about 45% of sodium tripolyphosphate as the alkaline builder, about 7% of sodium metasilicate as the corrosion inhibitor, about 18% of sodium sulfate to increase the bulk of the product, about 1% sodium carboxy methyl cellulose as the soil suspending agent and the remainder (about7%) water.
• the synthetic heavy-duty liquid detergent used is, likewise, a commercial product containing about 10% of potassium alkyl aryl sulfonate as the synthetic detergent, about 7% of a condensed alkanol amide of a fatty acid as the foam stabilizer, about 20% of tetrapotassium pyrophosphate as the alkaline builder, about 7.5% sodium xylene sulfonate as the solubilizing agent, about 12% liquid potassium silicate (30% solution) as the corrosion inhibitor, about 3% potassium hydroxide, about 1% sodium carboxy methyl cellulose as the soil suspending agent, and the remainder (about 40%) water.
• Example XI V Detergent Cone Soiled Washed (Name of H20 Hardness Cloth Cloth Gain Detergent (ppm. of 02.00;) Reflec- Reflecon 100 m1. tance tanee Heavy Duty Powder 0.5 Distilled H20"-.- 38. 3 76. 5 38.2 K Built Liquid 0.5 Distilled H10---" 38. 3 71.2 32.9
• the' synthetic liquid heavy-duty detergents .of the present invention are at least comparable in washing effectiveness to the heavy-duty powder and the potassium built heavy-duty liquid.
• the formulations of the present invention contain only about 40% active ingredients as compared to the potassium built liquid which contains 50% active ingredients or the heavy-duty powder which contains almost 100% active ingredients. It can thus be seen that when quantities of the detergents are used containing equivalent amounts of active ingredients, i.e., .7 gm. of the formulation of the present invention and .5 gm. of the potassium built liquid, the washing effectiveness of the formulation of the present invention are equal to or better than that of the potassium built liquid.
• the heavy-duty powder it would be necessary to use better than 1 gm. of the present formulation to have active ingredients equivalent to those in a half a gram of a heavy-duty powder and similar washing elfectivene'ss would result.
• a stable heavy-duty liquidsynthetic detergent composition comprising 11% to 20% of a synthetic detergent, at least 11% of which is an amine alkyl aryl sulfonate having the general formula:
• R is selected from alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, at least one of which has at least 8 carbon atoms, R is benzene
• R" is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups and alkanol groups, said alkyl and alkanol groups containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and up to of which is an alkali metal salt of a sulfuric acid ester of a higher alcohol, 15% to 20% of sodium tripolyphosphate as the alkaline builder, l% to 2% of SiO-,, as an alkali metal silicate as the corrosion inhibitor, 4% to 6% of an alkali metal aryl sulfonate, the aryl group of which is selected from the group consisting of xylene and toluene, as the solubilizing agent, and in addition to said alkali metal silicate, from 0.25 to 0.5% lithium as a lithium hydroxide, up to about 1% of potassium carboxy
• a stable heavy duty liquid synthetic detergent formulation having the following composition in percent by weight:
• a stable heavy-duty liquid synthetic detergent formulation having the following composition in percent by weight:
• a stable heavy-duty liquid synthetic detergent formulation having the following composition in percent by weight:
• a stable heavy-duty liquid synthetic detergent formulation having the following composition in percent by weight:
• a stable heavy-duty liquid synthetic detergent formulation having the following composition in percent by weight:
• a stable heavy-duty liquid synthetic detergent formulation having the following composition in percent by weight:

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Citations (7)

• 0
  • NL NL235885D patent/NL235885A/xx unknown
• 1958
  • 1958-02-10 US US714013A patent/US3066104A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1959
  • 1959-02-06 GB GB4293/59A patent/GB852941A/en not_active Expired
  • 1959-02-09 DE DED29975A patent/DE1081589B/de active Pending
  • 1959-02-09 FR FR786169A patent/FR1228110A/fr not_active Expired

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