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US3053968A - Method and apparatus for arc working with gas shields having coherentstreaming - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for arc working with gas shields having coherentstreaming Download PDF

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US3053968A
US3053968A US24550A US2455060A US3053968A US 3053968 A US3053968 A US 3053968A US 24550 A US24550 A US 24550A US 2455060 A US2455060 A US 2455060A US 3053968 A US3053968 A US 3053968A
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gas
stream
electrode
arc
nozzle
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Eugene F Gorman
Robert J Nelson
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Priority to US24550A priority Critical patent/US3053968A/en
Priority to GB14229/61A priority patent/GB927729A/en
Priority to FI81661A priority patent/FI41049C/fi
Priority to CH480661A priority patent/CH372769A/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
    • B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
    • B23K9/29—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means
    • B23K9/291—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means the shielding means being a gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode

Definitions

  • This invention relates to are working, and more particularly to electric arc welding in a stream of shielding gas that protects the operation from natural air of the atmosphere.
  • the main object of this invention is to provide novel means and methods for more effectively shielding with as little gas and as short a cup (nozzle) as possible in electric are working, such as arc welding operations, to improve the latter.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of and means for projecting a gaseous atmosphere of controlled purity and/ or composition through a predetermined relatively long distance in the form of a coherent or solid" gas stream in the sense that the stream retains a desired form, purity, and composition without mixing with the ambient of contiguous atmosphere other than by non-turbulent aspiration.
  • Such method is used for the purpose of establishing a controlled atmosphere throughout a zone remotely located with respect to a discharge point.
  • the controlled flow-pattern of the gas stream is characterized by a smooth and continuous, though not necessarily uniform, distribution ofvelocities as represented by vectors which show both the magnitudes and the directions of gas velocities throughout the stream cross-sections when a macroscopic rather than a microscopic scale is used.
  • This characteristic distribution of gas velocities is applicable throughout all points in the stream cross-section starting at least at that section where the stream exits from the projecting de- "ice vice and including all subsequent stream cross-sections up to and including a distance of at least 1 inch from the end of the projecting device.
  • Such qualifying conditions are specified for a test condition wherein the stream is projected into free space and away from any physical obstruction which would distort the test flow pattern of the gas stream.
  • the device is then qualified to provide an extremely high degree of atmosphere control over any zone which falls within the boundaries of the gas stream and up to a distance of at least 1 inch from the point of discharge thereof.
  • Very short nozzles can be used when gas enters in a favorable state. Conversely, the use of long nozzles is required only when gas enters in an unfavorable state.
  • Permeable barriers are the most efiective devices for producing favorable states of entering gas flow.
  • FIG. 1a is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of an arc Welding torch illustrating the invention
  • FIG. lb is a similar view of a torch (Linde HW-l3) of the prior art
  • FIG. 2a is a perspective view of a streaming pattern of gas leaving the prior art torch of FIG. 1b;
  • FIG. 2b is a similar view of a streaming pattern of gas leaving the torch of FIG. 1a of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph of coherent-streaming distance-argon flow rate characteristic curves comparing the invention with the prior art
  • FIG. 4a is a plan view (photograph) of an inert-gasshielded-non-consumable electrode weld made with the prior art torch of FIG. 1b;
  • FIGS. 4b, 4c, 4d and 4e are similar views of welds made with torches comprising the invention.
  • FIG. 5a is a view similar to FIG. 4b showing the weld shield span
  • FIG. 5b is a graph of weld shielding span-nozzle-towork elevation characteristic curves comparing the invention with the prior art
  • FIG. 6a is a view partly in cross-section and partly in side elevation showing a gas lens positioned in the end of a gas supply conduit for axial stream directional control;
  • FIG. 6b is a similar view of a gas lens positioned in the end of a gas supply conduit for axial and radial directional control;
  • FIG. 6c is a similar view of a diverging stream obtained with a convex gas lens (permeable barrier);
  • FIG. 7a is a cross-section of a nozzle provided with a gas lens for fiat profile gas velocity control and which also produces an axially directed stream;
  • FIG. 7b is a similar view of a nozzle provided with a gas lens for parabolic profile gas velocity control, and which also produces an axially directed stream;
  • FIG. 70 is a similar view of a nozzle provided with a gas lens for parabolic profile gas velocity control and which also produces a diverging stream;
  • FIG. 8a is a fragmentary view mainly in cross-section of a torch provided with a flat gas lens
  • FIG. 8b is a similar view of a torch provided with a parabolic gas lens
  • FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view mainly in side elevation of a gas stream pattern from a parabolic gas lens
  • FIG. 10a is a plan view (photograph) of a prior art weld
  • FIG. 10b is a similar view of a weld made with a torch provided with a flat gas lens
  • FIG. 100 is a similar view of a weld made with a torch provided with a parabolic gas lens.
  • FIG. 11 is a fragmentary view partly in cross-section of a torch illustrating the invention.
  • gas is supplied to the downstream conduit or nozzle through one or more gas ports.
  • Such ports invariably have a total cross-sectional area considerably less than that of either the nozzle or the immediate downstream conduit.
  • Laboratory experiments, however, have shown that a downstream conduit can exert a significant influence on the gas supplied to it only when it is filled with the moving gas stream. If the area of the gas ports is less than that of the downstream conduit, then the conduit will not be adequately filled with the moving gas stream for an appreciable distance beyond the gas ports.
  • the HW-lS Linde torch 10 (made and sold by Union Carbide Corporation), is typical of most prior standard tungsten-inert-gas shielded arc Welding torches in that the gas ports consist of four holes 12 of /33 inch diameter which are drilled in a collet body 14.
  • the illustrated torch is provided with a No. 10 /8 inch inside diameter) nozzle 16 and a inch diameter tungsten electrode 18.
  • the total cross-sectional area of the gas ports 12 is 0.028 sq. in.
  • the average velocity (V) of gas exiting from the gas ports is:
  • V 14.2 ft./sec.
  • the cross-sectional area of the downstream conduit 20 at a point just below the collet body 14 is 0509 sq. in.
  • the average gas velocity at this downstream point for such area should be no more than 0.78 ft./sec. when the conduit is running full at 10 c.f.h.
  • such use of such small gas port area causes the gas to enter the conduit 20 at a velocity Which is 18.2 times higher than that required by the downstream area.
  • Gas stream flow patterns obtained with the so modified torches were compared with that of the prior standard torch.
  • the flow patterns were made visible by first adding oil vapor to the gas and by passing the exiting gas stream through a strong beam of light, which is a great improvement over use of the results obtained with Schlierin apparatus.
  • measurements were made of the coherent-streaming distance; that is, the distance through which the gas could be projected as a solid stream into space without mixing with 5 TABLE 1 Efiect Reduced Gas Velocity Upon Entering a Nozzle 1 Based on a conduit cross-sectional area of 0.509 sq. in. at a point just below the collet body.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b are line drawings based on actual photographs of typical old and new gas flow patterns at approximately full scale. Note that the coherentstreaming flow pattern 26 of gas leaving torch 24, FIG. 2b, is considerably longer than that 29 leaving torch 10, FIG. 211.
  • Non-consumable electrodes, inert-gas shielded arc welding tests were made with the various torch systems.
  • Bead-on-plate welds were made on inch thick cold rolled steel at 150 amperes DCSP, 10 volts, i.m.p., and with a flow of 25 c.f.h. of argon.
  • FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c are photographs at approximately 2 magnification of two sets of welds. The first set of welds, FIGS. 4a-4c, was made with the torch nozzle elevated inch above the surface of the weldment. The second set, FIGS. 4d and 42, was made with the torch nozzle elevated 78 inch above the work surface.
  • the degree of 6 weld shielding obtained in each case can be ascertained by the extent of bright, undiscolored surface at the end of the weld. At such point, the torch was stopped and weld current shut off, but argon flow was maintained as the welds were allowed to cool.
  • FIG. 4a It can be seen that at a nozzle-to-work distance of inch, the prior standard torch yielded very little weld protection, FIG. 4a. In this case the shielding was dependent almost entirely on the gas pumping action of the arc. When the nozzle was elevated an additional /8 inch, air was in contact with the electrode tip and are pumped into the weld to produce rough surfaced, badly contaminated welds. The l6-hole system produced good shielding at inch elevation, FIG. 417, while the torch with the permeable barrier yielded excellent protection over a broad area which includes the weld puddle and a large portion of the heat affected zone, FIG. 40.
  • FIG. 5a shows the weld shielding span distance S
  • FIG. 5b shows a graph of the weld shielding span versus nozzle-to-work elevation obtained under these test conditions.
  • FIGS. 60, 6b, and 6c show means for controlling the directions of gas streams with various shapes of permeable barriers.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b show gas streams 30 and 32-34 obtained with a cylindrical plug or lens 36 made of densely packed felt fiber. When mounted flush with the end of the gas supply conduit 31, an axial stream is obtained. When the plug is partially extended, both axial and radial gas streams 32 and 34, respectively, are simultaneously obtained.
  • a convex barrier or lens 38 made of felt produces a diverging stream 40. Surprisingly, this latter stream remains coherent for an appreciable distance beyond the external (discharge) surface of the barrier or lens.
  • the degree of directional control which a permeable barrier imposes on the gas is primarily related to the fineness of the voids rather than the thickness of the barrier.
  • a 60-mesh copper wire cloth (0.010 in. square opening, 0.0075 in. diameter wire) exerted a slight direction control.
  • a ZOO-mesh copper wire cloth (0.03 in. square opening, 0.002 in. diameter wire) exhibited a high degree of directional control.
  • the flow control effects of such permeable barriers are additive in that multiple layers can be assembled, preferably spaced a short distance apart from each other, with the result that a greater degree of directional control can be obtained.
  • wire cloths with larger openings can be used if they are stacked in multiple layers. For example, three layers of 60-mesh wire cloth spaced /8 in. apart yield results which are equivalent to a single layer of ZOO-mesh wire cloth.
  • the tests showed that mean pore dimensions of the order of 0.004 in. or less are still required for good results.
  • the Kel-F plastic material used for the welding tests shown in Table 1 was in. thick with a mean pore diameter of 0.005 in.
  • the high velocity portions constituted jetting which disrupted the flow characteristics of the remaining portions of the gas stream.
  • FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c illustrate ways of controlling the distribution of gas velocities by varying the thickness and hence the gas permeability of the lenses.
  • a flat disk-shaped lens 42. in the outlet of a cylindrical gas chamber 44 produces a coherent-stream 46 of gas having essentially constant velocity throughout the cross-sectional area, as indicated by vectors 47.
  • lens 43 having a flat downstream face and a concave upstream face 49, produces a coherent-stream 50 having a parabolic distribution of velocities 51.
  • Concave-convex lens 52, FIG. 70 produces a divergent coherentstream 53 having a parabolic distribution of velocities 54.
  • Streams with a parabolic velocity profile are more stable, and produce longer coherent-streaming distances than streams with a fiat velocity profile. Such streams will often be preferred to insure maximum control of atmospheric composition, particularly at points Where the stream impinges on a solid surface.
  • FIG. 8a shows an arc torch comprising flat gas lens 56
  • FIG. 8b shows an arc torch comprising a parabolic lens 58, each being of constant thickness.
  • Gas streaming and weld shielding made with the flat lens 56 alone yield results that are comparable to those previously ob tained when the lenses were mounted inside and upstream of the nozzle 16, FIG. 1a.
  • FIG. 9 is based upon a photograph of a diverging gas stream 59 obtained with the parabolic lens 58.
  • Such lens yields a phenomenal increase in the surface area of protection on body B.
  • FIGS. 10a, 10b, and 10c are photographs of welds made with three basic systems: (1) standard HW-13 and No. 10 nozzle, (2) modified HW-13 torch and No. 10 nozzle with flat gas lens, and (3) modified HW-13 torch with parabolic gas lens.
  • Bead-on-plate welds were made on A inch thick cold rolled steel with argon flow of 60 c.f.h.
  • the welding conditions were 15 i.p.m., 130 amperes DCSP, and 10 volts.
  • Very short nozzle-to-Work distances were employed in order to obtain good weld shielding, FIG. 10a, even with the standard torch.
  • the noZzle-to-Work distance for the first two torch systems was inch.
  • the vertex of the parabolic gas lens was positioned at /2 inch above the work. It can be seen from these pictures that all systems yielded good shielding at such short elevations and at the high gas flow rate used. There is, however, a substantial difference in the extent of weld protection obtained with the different systems.
  • the use of a nozzle with a fiat gas lens produced a broader coverage, FIG. 10b, than that obtained with the prior standard nozzle alone.
  • the parabolic gas lens produces a substantially broader coverage, FIG. 10c, than everobtained with any prior system of comparable size.
  • the maximum area of perfect shielding which can be obtained with a simple nozzle under the best conditions is only slightly larger than the area of the nozzle.
  • the parabolic lens was 1% inch in diameter at the torch junction, yet it produced an area of perfect shielding or" 3 inches diameter.
  • the area of perfect shielding obtained with the parabolic lens is approximately 8 times the lens area.
  • the performance is similar to that of a leading-trailing shield, but with none of the usual restrictions on are visibility, torch manipulation or accessibility to the weld joint.
  • Such parabolic lens is, thus, of great value for the gas shielded arc welding of reactive metals such as titanium, molybdenum, etc.
  • Such devices produce both maximum quality of weld shielding and maximum flexibility of operator usage. They can be tailored to any system where a controlled streaming pattern of gas or gases is desired.
  • the lens can be used with or in place of prior standard or multi-wall torch nozzles. They may also be used as auxiliary gas shielding devices with the same or different gases as are used in the torch.
  • gas enters the nozzle at velocities approximately 18 times greater than the required nozzle velocity for a given flow rate.
  • Permeable barriers when properly constructed as gas lenses can be used to control the magnitude, direction and distribution of gas velocities in the exiting gas stream.
  • Coherent-streaming distances of the order of 3 to 6 inches can be obtained by the invention at flow conditions equivalent to Reynolds numbers of over 5000 and L/De ratios down to zero.
  • apparatus for producing a favorable state of entering gas flow into a relatively short nozzle comprises barriers which have a multiplicity of very small pores, such pores having mean pore diameters of 0.020 inch or less as determined on the basis of the following calculation:
  • Such barriers can be made of any suitable material having a multiplicity of very small (tiny) openings, holes, pores, or interstices either randomly or uniformly spaced.
  • the openings may be interconnected as in fiber or granular compacts or they may be not interconnected as in a thin plate with a multiplicity of drilled holes.
  • the permeable barriers also can be made from fibers, powders, granules, beads of material prefer-ably able to withstand temperatures of 300 degrees F. or more, either metallic or nonmetallic, or from solids which have been perforated mechanically as by drilling or punching, or by chemical means as by etching.
  • Permeable barriers in the form of a wall, layer, or membrane of either constant or smoothly varying thicknesls1 not to exceed inch and preferably less than inc Permeable barriers comprising one or more separate walls, layers or membranes and preferably spaced apart from each other a short distance of the order of at least five mean pore diameters of 0.020 inch;
  • Permeable barriers wherein the total equivalent crosssectional area of said pores is equal to or greater than 20 percent of the total cross-sectional area of the permeable barriers;
  • Permeable barriers wherein the pores are closely spaced with respect to neighboring pores with an average centerline spacing of not more than 10 mean pore diameters or 0.040 inch maximum according to whichever is the smgller dimension with respect to the given pore size;
  • Permeable barriers gas lenses having mean pore diameters of 0.010 inch or less.
  • gas lens 60 is attached to a holder (preferably non-permeable) 62 which is threaded onto the torch collet body 64 until tight contact is made with the gas seals 66, 68 to prevent jetting.
  • individual close fitting electrode collets 70 are provided for each size of electrode '72 to prevent jetting through the collet body-electrode clearance hole 74.
  • Such lens embodies many of the best features of the invention and has curved surfaces 76 to provide a composite gas stream simultaneously having divergent, constant area and converging flow characteristics.
  • the diverging portion of the stream provides maximum area of Work surface shielding from a minimum size of gas lens.
  • the constant area and converging portions of the gas stream provide maximum coherent-streaming distances. Also shown in dotted outline for comparison on FIG.
  • the gas lens 60 of the invention has substantially less bulk, and since it provides broad area shielding and permits welding at relatively long lens-to-work distances, it eliminates such prior standard nozzle limitations.
  • the invention is not restricted to electric arc welding with a non-consumable or refractory electrode, but is equally applicable to sigma welding in which a consum able wire electrode is used, as well as other kinds of operations in which gas protection from the atmosphere is involved.
  • Process in which work is shielded from ambient air with a stream of gas flowing in the form of a beam which comprises dividing a flow composed of such gas into a multiplicity of separate paths, the gas of which upon discharge merges substantially without turbulence, fully expanded, to create such beam, such paths being characterized by very small cross sectional areas and close spacing with respect to neighboring paths, resulting in coherent streaming of such gas the length of such beam prior to discharge into space being less than 3 inches by virtue of the merger substantially without turbulence of such separate paths in the creation of such beam, and applying the so discharged beam of gas against the surface of said work, to thereby obtain maximum eflective shielding of such work with such gas.
  • Process of welding with an elongated consumable wire electrode, the arc-end of which is shielded with a stream of gas flowing in the form of a column surrounding such electrode which comprises dividing such stream into a multiplicity of separate paths the gas through which upon discharge merges without turbulence, fully expanded, to create such column, said paths being characterized by small cross sectional area and close spacing with respect to neighboring paths, resulting in coherent-streaming of such gas in free space around the end of such electrode, the length of such column prior to discharge into free space being less than 5 times the equivalent diameter of such column by virtue of the merger without turbulence of such separate paths in the creation of such column.
  • Gas stream-shielded are working in which the arc is energized between an electrode and a workpiece, which comprises shielding the end of such electrode and the arc and the adjacent metal being welded with a stream of arc shielding gas flowing in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of such electrode, characterized in that such stream is divided into a multiplicity of separate paths immediately (less than 3 inches) prior to the discharge thereof into free space around such electrode to thereby provide coherent-streaming of the so-discharged fully expanded gas in a direction that is controlled for a subi2 stantial distance therefrom, effectively shielding the operation from the air.
  • Gas stream shielded are working in which the arc is energized between an electrode and a workpiece, which comprises shielding the end of such electrode and the arc and the adjacent metal being welded with a diverging stream of arc shielding gas, characterized in that such stream is divided into a multiplicity of separate paths immediately (less than 3 inches) prior to the discharge thereof into free space around such electrode to thereby provide coherent-streaming of the so-discharged, fully expanded gas effectively shielding the operation from air.
  • Gas stream shielded are working in which the arc is energized between an electrode and a workpiece, which comprises shielding the end of such electrode and the arc and the adjacent metal being welded with a converging stream of arc shielding gas, characterized in that such stream is divided into a multiplicity of separate paths immediately (less than 3 inches) prior to the discharge thereof into free space around such electrode to thereby provide coherent-streaming of the so-discharged fully expanded gas, effectively shielding the operation from air.
  • Gas stream shielded are working in which the arc is energized between an electrode and a workpiece, which comprises shielding the end of such electrode and the arc and the adjacent metal being welded with a composite stream of arc shielding gas, which simultaneously includes divergent, constant area and convergent flow characteristics in such composite stream characterized in that such stream is divided into a multiplicity of separate paths immediately (less than 3 inches) prior to the discharge thereof into free space around such electrode to thereby provide coherent-streaming of the so-discharged fully expanded gas, effectively shielding the operation from air.
  • Gas stream shielded arc working in which the arc is energized between an electrode and a workpiece, which comprises shielding the end of such electrode and the arc and the adjacent metal being welded with a stream of arc shielding gas with a constant velocity throughout the stream cross section, characterized in that such stream is divided into a multiplicity of paths of equal gas permeability immediately (less than 3 inches) prior to the discharge thereof into free space around such electrode to thereby provide coherent-streaming of the so-discharged fully expanded gas in a direction that is controlled for a substantial distance therefrom, effectively shielding the operation from air.
  • Gas stream shielded are working in which the arc is energized between an electrode and a workpiece, which comprises shielding the end of such electrode and the arc and the adjacent metal being welded with a stream of arc shielding gas with a parabolic distribution of gas velocity in the stream cross section, characterized in that such stream is divided into a multiplicity of paths of suitably varying gas permeability immediately (less than 3 inches) prior to discharge thereof into free space around such electrode to thereby provide coherent-streaming of the so-discharged fully expanded gas in a direction that is controlled for a substantial distance therefrom, effectively shielding the operation from air.
  • Gas stream shielded are working in which the arc is energized between an electrode and a workpiece, which comprises shielding the end of such electrode and the arc and the adjacent metal being welded with a composite stream of arc shielding gas which simultaneously includes divergent, constant area and convergent flow characteristics in such composite stream, said composite stream having a constant velocity throughout the stream cross section, characterized in that such stream is divided into a multiplicity of paths having equal gas permeability immediately (less than 3 inches) prior to the discharge thereof into free space around such electrode to thereby provide coherent-streaming of the so-discharged fully expanded gas, eflectively shielding the operation from air.
  • Gas stream shielded are working in which the arc is energized between an electrode and a workpiece, which comprises shielding the end of such electrode and the arc and the adjacent metal beirg welded with a composite stream of arc shielding gas which simultaneously includes divergent, constant area and convergent flow characteristics in such composite stream, said composite stream having a parabolic distribution of gas velocity in the stream cross section, characterized in that such stream is divided into a multiplicity of paths having. suitably varying gas permeability immediately (less than 3 inches) prior to the discharge thereof into free space around such electrode to thereby provide coherent-streaming of the so-discharged fully expanded gas, effectively shielding the operation from air.
  • a gas-shielded arc torch comprising an elongated electrode, an electrical contact for said electrode, means supporting said contact, said means having an annular chamber and are shielding gas passages for delivering arc shielding gas to such chamber, and a gas lens surrounding said electrode and constituting a wall of such chamber, for fully expanding and directing such gas around said electrode in the direction of the arc end thereof.
  • a gas-shielded arc torch comprising an electrical contact member including a collet body provided with radial gas ports, an elongated electrode mounted in such collet body, and agas cup surrounding such gas ports in spaced relation for receiving gas therefrom and discharging such gas around the arc end portion of said electrode, characterized in that said ports are sufiicient in size and number to substantially reduce resistance to the flow of such gas therethrough compared with flow through other paths including undesirable jetting paths adjacent said electrode, and deliver the gas to said cup in a favorable state, the combined area of said ports being equal at least to 20% of the nozzle total exit area whereby the velocity of the gas discharged from such ports is effectively reduced to moderate turbulence.
  • a gas-shielded arc torch comprising an electrical contact member including a collet body provided with radial gas ports, an elongated electrode mounted in such collet body, and a gas cup surrounding such gas ports, in spaced relation for receiving gas therefrom and discharging such gas around the arc end portion of said electrode, characterized in that a gas permeable barrier is mounted within said gas cup around said electrode for transforming gas delivered thereto by such ports into a favorable state upon discharge therefrom, and means sealing the spaces between said ports against gas leakage including undesirable gas jetting adjacent said electrode.
  • a gas-shielded arc torch comprising an electrical contact member including a collet body provided with radial gas ports, an elongated electrode mounted in such collet body, and a gas cup surrounding such gas ports in spaced relation for receiving gas therefrom and discharging such gas around the arc end portion of said electrode, characterized in that a gas lens is mounted in the outlet of said cup around said electrode, and means sealing the spaces between said ports against gas leakage including undesirable gas jetting adjacent said electrode.
  • Method employing relatively short gas conduits for projecting a gas stream therefrom into free space with controlled flow patterns in which gas is supplied to the conduit in a favorable state characterized by a velocity which is not more than live times greater than the downstream conduit velocity, and preferably less than three times the downstream conduit velocity, calculated on the basis of imcompressible flow at 68 deg. F. and 14.7 p.s.i. abs.
  • Apparatus for producing a favorable state of entering gas flow in a nozzle comprising a permeable barrier wherein the total equivalent cross-sectional area of the pores in said permeable barrier is equal to or greater than 20 percent of the cross-sectional area of the permeable barrier through which gas enters to be discharged therefrom at a favorable state with reference to the downstream side thereof in such nozzle.
  • Apparatus for projecting a coherent stream of gas comprising the combination of a gas supply system, a gas-flow pattern forming nozzle connected to the extreme end of said gas supply system and a permeable barrier mounted in said nozzle, said nozzle having a smooth internal wall surface, and an L/De ratio of from /2 to 20 with the cross-sectional area not increasing as the stream proceeds through and out of said nozzle.
  • Apparatus for projecting a coherent stream of gas comprising the combination of a gas supply system, a gas-flow pattern forming conduit located at the extreme end of the gas supply system, a gas lens associated with such conduit, said conduit having a smooth internal wall surface with an L/De ratio of from to 20, said internal Wall surface being non-divergent in the direction of flow of such gas stream.
  • Apparatus for projecting coherent streams of gas consisting of a combination of a gas supply system, a gasflow pattern forming nozzle with a permeable barrier comprising a gas lens which is mounted in said nozzle or at the extreme end of said gas supply system, the downstream surface of said gas lens having a convex face such that a diverging gas stream is discharged thereby.
  • Apparatus for projecting a coherent stream of gas consisting of a combination of a gas supply system, and a gas lens located at the outlet end of such system which discharges a coherent stream of such gas therefrom, said gas lens having main pore diameters of 0.010 in. or less and also having a total equivalent cross-sectional area of the pores equal to or greater than 20 percent of the total cross-sectional area of the gas lens.
  • Apparatus comprising a gas, lens for projecting a controlled flow pattern of gas characterized by a relatively smooth and continuous (though not necessarily uniform) distribution of velocity in terms of magnitude and direction across a downstream cross-section located approximately A in. from the outside surface of said gas lens and throughout all subsequent cross sections further downstream for a distance of at least 1 inch from said lens.
  • Shaped permeable barriers comprising a gas lens for projecting a coherent gas stream in a controlled flow pattern of gas therefrom depending upon the shape of said lens, said gas lens having minimum pore diameters of 0.010 in. or less and also having a total equivalent cross-sectional area of the pores equal to or greater than 20 percent of the total cross-sectional area of the gas lens.
  • Apparatus comprising a gas chamber having a Wall provided with a permeable barrier composed of material containing a multiplicity of holes having minimum pore diameters of less than 0.020 in. and said holes occupying a total equivalent cross-sectional area equal to or greater than 20 percent of the total cross-sectional area of the permeable barrier so that such permeable barrier projects a coherent-stream of nitrogen gas of /2 in. diameter through quiescent air for a distance of at least /2 in. at a flow rate of 15 c.f.h, nitrogen, and means for supplying gas to such chamber.
  • An arc torch comprising an electrode, a gas cup surrounding said electrode in spaced relation, means for supporting said cup and electrode in spaced relation with each other, means for feeding gas to the space between said cup and electrode, and a gas lens comprising a gas permeable barrier mounted at the outlet of such space for discharging such gas as a coherent stream therefrom to shield the arc-end of said electrode from the surrounding air.
  • Apparatus for discharging a coherent stream of gas to shield from the air an arc energized between two electrodes which comprises a gas chamber surrounding one of said electrodes, and means for supplying gas thereto, the outlet of such chamber being provided with a gas permeable barrier comprising a lens through which gas flows from such chamber, said lens acting to transform said flow into a coherent stream of gas around such arc, the external flow pattern of such stream being determined by the shape of said lens.
  • Apparatus as defined by claim 32 including means for feeding one of said electrodes through said chamber and lens toward such are as such electrode is consumed thereby.

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US24550A 1960-04-25 1960-04-25 Method and apparatus for arc working with gas shields having coherentstreaming Expired - Lifetime US3053968A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24550A US3053968A (en) 1960-04-25 1960-04-25 Method and apparatus for arc working with gas shields having coherentstreaming
GB14229/61A GB927729A (en) 1960-04-25 1961-04-20 Improvements in and relating to arc working
FI81661A FI41049C (fi) 1960-04-25 1961-04-25 Ljusbågssvetsbrännare med en porös munstycksdel för svetsning i skyddsgas
CH480661A CH372769A (fr) 1960-04-25 1961-04-25 Appareil pour souder au moyen d'un arc protégé par un courant de gaz

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US24550A US3053968A (en) 1960-04-25 1960-04-25 Method and apparatus for arc working with gas shields having coherentstreaming

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US (1) US3053968A (fi)
CH (1) CH372769A (fi)
FI (1) FI41049C (fi)
GB (1) GB927729A (fi)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3180967A (en) * 1963-01-18 1965-04-27 Union Carbide Corp Gas lens shielded arc torch
US3261962A (en) * 1964-11-24 1966-07-19 Union Carbide Corp Metal arc welding torch
US3281570A (en) * 1964-05-12 1966-10-25 Arcos Corp Electrogas welding
US3826888A (en) * 1973-03-05 1974-07-30 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Deep narrow gap welding torch
US4101751A (en) * 1977-06-03 1978-07-18 Aluminum Company Of America Apparatus and method for inert gas arc welding
US4532406A (en) * 1984-02-10 1985-07-30 General Electric Company Arc welding torch having integrated wire feed
US4543461A (en) * 1983-12-29 1985-09-24 Union Carbide Corporation Gas shielded arc torch and collet assembly
WO1989001382A1 (en) * 1987-08-17 1989-02-23 Kleppen Arthur Leonard Jr Inert gas welding torch
US5477025A (en) * 1994-01-14 1995-12-19 Quantum Laser Corporation Laser nozzle
US5556550A (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-09-17 Welding Nozzle International Gas lens collet body
WO1997039852A1 (en) * 1996-04-19 1997-10-30 Tweco Products, Inc. Gas lens assembly
US6037557A (en) * 1995-05-05 2000-03-14 Alexander Binzel Gmbh & Co Kg Gas lens housing for arc-welding or flame cutters with non-melting electrodes
US6207921B1 (en) * 1998-02-16 2001-03-27 Richard John Hanna Welding equipment
AU757154B2 (en) * 1998-02-16 2003-02-06 Richard John Hanna Welding equipment
US6525288B2 (en) 2001-03-20 2003-02-25 Richard B. Rehrig Gas lens assembly for a gas shielded arc welding torch
EP1607164A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-21 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Nozzle assembly for a TIG welding torch with a front nozzle and a rear nozzle for fixing there between a porous disc
WO2007030720A1 (en) * 2005-09-11 2007-03-15 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welding torch having nozzle assembly with independently removable components
EP1880791A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-23 Aleris Aluminum Koblenz GmbH Process and apparatus for laser joining two components through the use of a laminar inert gas flow coaxial to a metal filler wire
US20100025380A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2010-02-04 Areva Np Welding torch including a convex open-work grid for enlarging the jet of gas
US20120187094A1 (en) * 2011-01-26 2012-07-26 Denso Corporation Welding method and welding apparatus
US9095922B1 (en) * 2011-07-20 2015-08-04 Jason Shearin Tack weld purging system
WO2016004054A1 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Newfrey Llc Non-contact laminar flow drawn arc stud welding nozzle and method
US9338873B1 (en) * 2015-07-13 2016-05-10 Michael Furick Mesh screen assembly and shield cup for a gas shielded electric arc torch
US20180043457A1 (en) * 2016-08-15 2018-02-15 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Device for providing a laminar flow of shielding gas in a welding device
US11504791B2 (en) * 2012-04-06 2022-11-22 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welding torch with a temperature measurement device
EP4338880A1 (en) * 2022-08-23 2024-03-20 Lincoln Global, Inc. Welding or additive manufacturing torch with shield gas screen

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US1669362A (en) * 1924-01-31 1928-05-08 Gen Electric Filter plate
US2544711A (en) * 1949-03-26 1951-03-13 Air Reduction Method and apparatus for welding with gas shields having laminar flow
US2977457A (en) * 1957-07-23 1961-03-28 Nat Res Dev Welding nozzles

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US1669362A (en) * 1924-01-31 1928-05-08 Gen Electric Filter plate
US2544711A (en) * 1949-03-26 1951-03-13 Air Reduction Method and apparatus for welding with gas shields having laminar flow
US2977457A (en) * 1957-07-23 1961-03-28 Nat Res Dev Welding nozzles

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3180967A (en) * 1963-01-18 1965-04-27 Union Carbide Corp Gas lens shielded arc torch
US3281570A (en) * 1964-05-12 1966-10-25 Arcos Corp Electrogas welding
US3261962A (en) * 1964-11-24 1966-07-19 Union Carbide Corp Metal arc welding torch
US3826888A (en) * 1973-03-05 1974-07-30 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Deep narrow gap welding torch
US4101751A (en) * 1977-06-03 1978-07-18 Aluminum Company Of America Apparatus and method for inert gas arc welding
US4543461A (en) * 1983-12-29 1985-09-24 Union Carbide Corporation Gas shielded arc torch and collet assembly
US4532406A (en) * 1984-02-10 1985-07-30 General Electric Company Arc welding torch having integrated wire feed
WO1989001382A1 (en) * 1987-08-17 1989-02-23 Kleppen Arthur Leonard Jr Inert gas welding torch
US5477025A (en) * 1994-01-14 1995-12-19 Quantum Laser Corporation Laser nozzle
US5556550A (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-09-17 Welding Nozzle International Gas lens collet body
US6037557A (en) * 1995-05-05 2000-03-14 Alexander Binzel Gmbh & Co Kg Gas lens housing for arc-welding or flame cutters with non-melting electrodes
WO1997039852A1 (en) * 1996-04-19 1997-10-30 Tweco Products, Inc. Gas lens assembly
US5772102A (en) * 1996-04-19 1998-06-30 Tweco Products, Inc. Gas lens assembly
EP1009576A2 (en) * 1996-04-19 2000-06-21 Tweco Products, Inc Gas lens assembly
EP1009576A4 (en) * 1996-04-19 2000-06-21 Tweco Prod Inc GAS LENS ASSEMBLY
US6207921B1 (en) * 1998-02-16 2001-03-27 Richard John Hanna Welding equipment
AU757154B2 (en) * 1998-02-16 2003-02-06 Richard John Hanna Welding equipment
US6525288B2 (en) 2001-03-20 2003-02-25 Richard B. Rehrig Gas lens assembly for a gas shielded arc welding torch
EP1607164A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-21 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Nozzle assembly for a TIG welding torch with a front nozzle and a rear nozzle for fixing there between a porous disc
US20050279735A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-22 David Delgado Nozzle assembly for welding torch
US7329826B2 (en) 2004-06-17 2008-02-12 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Nozzle assembly for welding torch
US20100025380A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2010-02-04 Areva Np Welding torch including a convex open-work grid for enlarging the jet of gas
WO2007030720A1 (en) * 2005-09-11 2007-03-15 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welding torch having nozzle assembly with independently removable components
US20070056945A1 (en) * 2005-09-11 2007-03-15 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welding torch having nozzle assembly with independently removable components
FR2903924A1 (fr) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-25 Aleris Aluminium Koblenz Gmbh Procede de soudage
EP1880791A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-23 Aleris Aluminum Koblenz GmbH Process and apparatus for laser joining two components through the use of a laminar inert gas flow coaxial to a metal filler wire
US7842900B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2010-11-30 Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh Process for joining using a laser beam
WO2008009457A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-24 Aleris Aluminum Koblenz Gmbh Process and apparatus for laser joining two components of aluminium and/or aluminium alloys through the use of a laminar inert gas flow coaxial to a metal filler wire
US10035213B2 (en) * 2011-01-26 2018-07-31 Denso Corporation Welding method and welding apparatus
US20120187094A1 (en) * 2011-01-26 2012-07-26 Denso Corporation Welding method and welding apparatus
US9095922B1 (en) * 2011-07-20 2015-08-04 Jason Shearin Tack weld purging system
US11504791B2 (en) * 2012-04-06 2022-11-22 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welding torch with a temperature measurement device
WO2016004054A1 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Newfrey Llc Non-contact laminar flow drawn arc stud welding nozzle and method
US9338873B1 (en) * 2015-07-13 2016-05-10 Michael Furick Mesh screen assembly and shield cup for a gas shielded electric arc torch
WO2018035081A1 (en) * 2016-08-15 2018-02-22 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Device for providing a laminar flow of shielding gas having a particular profile in a welding devic; corresponding welding device
CN109843496A (zh) * 2016-08-15 2019-06-04 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 用于在焊接装置中提供具有特定轮廓的保护气体层流的装置；相应的焊接装置
US10960484B2 (en) * 2016-08-15 2021-03-30 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Device for providing a laminar flow of shielding gas in a welding device
CN109843496B (zh) * 2016-08-15 2022-01-25 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 用于在焊接装置中提供具有特定轮廓的保护气体层流的装置；相应的焊接装置
US20180043457A1 (en) * 2016-08-15 2018-02-15 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Device for providing a laminar flow of shielding gas in a welding device
EP4338880A1 (en) * 2022-08-23 2024-03-20 Lincoln Global, Inc. Welding or additive manufacturing torch with shield gas screen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH372769A (fr) 1963-10-31
GB927729A (en) 1963-06-06
FI41049B (fi) 1969-04-30
FI41049C (fi) 1969-08-11

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