US2932615A - Extreme pressure lubricant - Google Patents
Extreme pressure lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2932615A US2932615A US673182A US67318257A US2932615A US 2932615 A US2932615 A US 2932615A US 673182 A US673182 A US 673182A US 67318257 A US67318257 A US 67318257A US 2932615 A US2932615 A US 2932615A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- extreme pressure
- percent
- weight
- lead
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Pb+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- SWCDOJGIOCVXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylthiophene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CS1 SWCDOJGIOCVXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- OGWDBCXXWRKGJC-CVBJKYQLSA-L lead(2+);(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O OGWDBCXXWRKGJC-CVBJKYQLSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- MNDZHERKKXUTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylthiophene Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=CS1 MNDZHERKKXUTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSSCC1=CC=CC=C1 GVPWHKZIJBODOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 paraffins Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NALPVCDLVYPJIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC1=CC=C[S+]1Cl Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C[S+]1Cl NALPVCDLVYPJIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur dichloride Chemical compound ClSSCl PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004045 organic chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- OCDPVICYFFZSFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-enoxybenzene Chemical group CC=COC1=CC=CC=C1 OCDPVICYFFZSFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
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- C10M2207/20—Rosin acids
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- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
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- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/024—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aromatic
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- C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
- C10M2211/044—Acids; Salts or esters thereof
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- C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
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- C10M2211/08—Halogenated waxes
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
- C10M2215/226—Morpholines
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- C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
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- C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
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- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
Definitions
- This invention relates to lubricants suitable for heavy duty service such as industrial or automotive gear lubrication, and more particularly to lubricants of the leadsulfur type.
- lubricant compositions of this invention comprise a mineral lubricating oil as the predominating constituent I agent, containing sufficient chlorine to give a chlorine content of about 1-5 percent by weight in the lubricant composition.
- a lubricant of this invention may suitably contain a sulfurized mineral oil as part or all of the oil base, or it may contain minor amounts, of the order of about 0.1-10.0 percent by weight, of a sulfurized fatty oil-such as sulfurized lard oil or sperm oil, dibenzyl disulfide, etc.
- the chlorinated extreme pressure agent employed may be a sulfur-containing compound also. Extreme pressure properties represented by CK. Timken values of about 100 or even higher are obtainable in these compositions.
- the mineral lubricating oil employed can be derived from either naphthene or paraflin base crudes, and can be either residual or distillate oils or mixtures thereof.
- a blend of a residual lubricating oil with a distillate lubricating oil has been found particularly suitable in meeting the viscosity requirements for the various grades, the proportion of residual oil being increased and that of the distillate oil decreased as the viscosity or grade of the lubricant is raised, while the proportions of extreme pressure additives remain essentially constant.
- the lead soap may be any of the well known oil soluble lead soaps of the higher fatty acids, naphthenic acids, resin acids, or mixtures thereof which possess extreme pressure properties.
- Typical examples of soaps of this type are lead naphthenate, lead oleate, lead menhadenate,
- Lead naphthenate which is preferred for this purpose, may be prepared from naphthenic oils obtained in the refining of petroleum, particularly the naphthenic acids derived from lubricating oil fractions.
- the lead content, calculated as PbO, of the lead naphthenate prepared from petroleum acids will vary from about 15 to about 30 percent by weight, depending upon the unsaponifiable content of the separated fractron.
- the chlorinated extreme pressure agent can be any of the well known types of organic chlorine compounds possessing extreme pressure properties, lists of which are given in U.S. Patents 2,208,163 and 2,353,170. These include chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as paraffins, parafiin wax, olefins, etc., chlorinated aromatic compounds, including chlorinated compounds of the benzene Weight percent Lead naphthenate l0 Chlorinated paratlin wax 10 2-tertiary butyl thiophene 5 Mineral lubricating oil Remainder In place of or in conjunction with the organic chlorinecontaining compound, there may be employed in accordance with the present invention any of the well known oil-soluble organic extreme pressure compounds containing both combined sulfur and combined chlorine.
- sulfurand chlorine-containing compounds listed in U.S. Patent 2,208,163, including chlorinated sulfides, chlorinated aromatic mercaptans, chorinated cycloaliphatic or aromatic thiocyanates and sulfo-chlorinated fatty acids, esters and ethers.
- a particularly suitable group of compounds of this type are the sulfo-chlorinated fats or fatty oils, such as, peanut oil, corn oil, soy bean oil, sperm oil, lard oil and the like, containing about 3-l0 percent by weight of combined chlorine and about 3-8 percent by weight of combined sulfur.
- An example of an efiective extreme pressure lubricant of this type is the following:
- the sulfo-chlorinated sperm oil was a commercial product sold under the trade name of Sulchlor 55 by Carlisle Chemical Works, Inc. It contained about 5.2 percent by weight of chlorine and about 5 percent by weight of sulfur.
- the lead naphthenate employed was prepared from pctroleum acids and contained about 22 percent by weight of lead as PbO.
- the mineral lubricating oil was a blend in about a 3:4 ratio of a mixed base residum having a Saybolt Universal viscosity of about 755 seconds at 210 F.
- the composition also contained 50 parts per million of an anti-foam agent, which was obtained by dissolving dimethyl silicone polymer in kerosene in the proportion of grams of the polymer with sufficient kerosene to make up a volume of 100 mls. The Timken tests were carried out by the standard procedure.
- composition contained 1% of glycerlne and 0.1% of added water All of the above compositions were substantially noncorrosive to copper as determined by the Copper Strip Corrosion Test carried out at 250 F. for one hour.
- An extreme pressure lubricant comprising essentially a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil containing about 3-15 percent by weight of an oil-soluble lead soap selected from the group consisting of lead naphthenate, lead oleate, lead menhadenate and lead resinate, about 2-20 percent by weight of an oil-soluble chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon compound having extreme pressure properties, about 8-12 percent by weight of a. sulfochlorinated fatty oil having extreme pressure properties, and about 0.5-5 percent by weight of 2-tertiary butyl thiophene wherein the said thiophene substantially increases the extreme pressure properties of the composition.
- An extreme pressure lubricant comprising essentially a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil containing about 3-15 percent by weight of lead naphthenate about 2-20 percent by weight of chlorinated paraffin wax having extreme pressure properties, about 8-12 percent by weight of sulfo-chlorinated sperm oil having extreme pressure properties, and about 0.5-5 per cent by weight of Z-tertiary butyl thiophene.
- An extreme pressure lubricant comprising essentially a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil containing about 8-12 percent by weight of lead naphthenate, about 2-4 percent by weight of chlorinated parafiin wax containing about 35-47 percent by weight of combined chlorine, about 8-12 percent by weight of sulfo-chlorinated sperm oil containing about 4-6 percent by weight of combined sulfur and about 4-6 percent by weight of combined chlorine, about 1-3 percent by weight of 2- tertiary butyl thiophene and about 0.5-1.0 percent by weight of glycerine.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
EXTREME PRESSURE LUBRICANT Terence B. Jordan, Fishkill, and Howard A. Kirsch,
Poughkeepsie, N.Y., assignors to Texaco Inc., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application July 22, 1957 Serial No. 673,182
3 Claims. (Cl. 252-37.2)
This invention relates to lubricants suitable for heavy duty service such as industrial or automotive gear lubrication, and more particularly to lubricants of the leadsulfur type.
I We have found that very superior lubricants of the leadsulfur type are obtained by employing Z-tertiary butyl thiophene as the sulfur-containing compound in the presence of a chlorinated extreme pressure agent also. By means of this combination of additives, non-corrosive lubricants are obtainable having extreme pressure prop- ..erties which are unexpectedly very much higher than those obtainable in lead-sulfur gear lubricants of the prior art, containing other sulfur compounds of various types as the sulfur-containing additive. The lubricant compositions of this invention comprise a mineral lubricating oil as the predominating constituent I agent, containing sufficient chlorine to give a chlorine content of about 1-5 percent by weight in the lubricant composition. In addition to the 2-tertiary butyl thiophene, other sulfur-containing compounds of various types such as have been employed heretofore in lead-sulfur lubricants may be employed in these compositions in order to reduce the amount of 2-tertiary butyl thiophene required to obtain extreme pressure properties of a desired grade. For example, a lubricant of this invention may suitably contain a sulfurized mineral oil as part or all of the oil base, or it may contain minor amounts, of the order of about 0.1-10.0 percent by weight, of a sulfurized fatty oil-such as sulfurized lard oil or sperm oil, dibenzyl disulfide, etc. Very advantageously, the chlorinated extreme pressure agent employed may be a sulfur-containing compound also. Extreme pressure properties represented by CK. Timken values of about 100 or even higher are obtainable in these compositions.
The mineral lubricating oil employed can be derived from either naphthene or paraflin base crudes, and can be either residual or distillate oils or mixtures thereof.
For an automotive gear lubricant, a blend of a residual lubricating oil with a distillate lubricating oil has been found particularly suitable in meeting the viscosity requirements for the various grades, the proportion of residual oil being increased and that of the distillate oil decreased as the viscosity or grade of the lubricant is raised, while the proportions of extreme pressure additives remain essentially constant.
The lead soap may be any of the well known oil soluble lead soaps of the higher fatty acids, naphthenic acids, resin acids, or mixtures thereof which possess extreme pressure properties. Typical examples of soaps of this type are lead naphthenate, lead oleate, lead menhadenate,
States Patent and lead resinate. Lead naphthenate, which is preferred for this purpose, may be prepared from naphthenic oils obtained in the refining of petroleum, particularly the naphthenic acids derived from lubricating oil fractions. The lead content, calculated as PbO, of the lead naphthenate prepared from petroleum acids will vary from about 15 to about 30 percent by weight, depending upon the unsaponifiable content of the separated fractron.
The chlorinated extreme pressure agent can be any of the well known types of organic chlorine compounds possessing extreme pressure properties, lists of which are given in U.S. Patents 2,208,163 and 2,353,170. These include chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as paraffins, parafiin wax, olefins, etc., chlorinated aromatic compounds, including chlorinated compounds of the benzene Weight percent Lead naphthenate l0 Chlorinated paratlin wax 10 2-tertiary butyl thiophene 5 Mineral lubricating oil Remainder In place of or in conjunction with the organic chlorinecontaining compound, there may be employed in accordance with the present invention any of the well known oil-soluble organic extreme pressure compounds containing both combined sulfur and combined chlorine. These include the various types of sulfurand chlorine-containing compounds listed in U.S. Patent 2,208,163, including chlorinated sulfides, chlorinated aromatic mercaptans, chorinated cycloaliphatic or aromatic thiocyanates and sulfo-chlorinated fatty acids, esters and ethers. A particularly suitable group of compounds of this type are the sulfo-chlorinated fats or fatty oils, such as, peanut oil, corn oil, soy bean oil, sperm oil, lard oil and the like, containing about 3-l0 percent by weight of combined chlorine and about 3-8 percent by weight of combined sulfur. They are obtained by reacting the fat or fatty oil with about 10-115 percent of sulfur monochloride, either with or without a prior treatment with chlorine gas at F. in order to incorporate a larger amount of chlorine into the product, followed by heating at temperatures of about 300-350 F. and neutralization of any remaining acidity.
An example of an efiective extreme pressure lubricant of this type is the following:
Weight percent Lead naphthenate 10.0 Sulfo-chlorinated sperm oil 10.0 Z-tertiary butyl thiophene 3.0 Mineral lubricating oil Remainder crease the extreme pressure properties of lubricants of this type.
A further example of a very effective extreme pressure lubricant of this invention is the following:
Weight percent The unexpectedly superior effectiveness of Z-tertiary butyl thiophene as a sulfur-containing extreme pressure additive in conjunction with a lead soap and a chlorinecontaining extreme pressure additive is shown by Table 1 below, wherein representative Timken tests are given for a lubricant of this invention and for lubricants containing different sulfur-containing additives. All of the lubricants listed in the table had the composition described immediately above, except that other sulfur-containing extreme pressure additives, were substituted for the Z-tertiary butyl thiophene as indicated. The chlorinated paraffin wax employed was a commercial product sold under the trade name of Anglamol 40 by Lubrizol Corporation. It contained 43.5 percent by weight of chlorine and contained a small amount of phenoxy propylene ox-ide as a corrosion inhibitor. The sulfo-chlorinated sperm oil was a commercial product sold under the trade name of Sulchlor 55 by Carlisle Chemical Works, Inc. It contained about 5.2 percent by weight of chlorine and about 5 percent by weight of sulfur. The lead naphthenate employed was prepared from pctroleum acids and contained about 22 percent by weight of lead as PbO. The mineral lubricating oil was a blend in about a 3:4 ratio of a mixed base residum having a Saybolt Universal viscosity of about 755 seconds at 210 F. and a mixed base distillate lubricating oil having a Saybolt Universal viscosity of about 110 at 100 F. The composition also contained 50 parts per million of an anti-foam agent, which was obtained by dissolving dimethyl silicone polymer in kerosene in the proportion of grams of the polymer with sufficient kerosene to make up a volume of 100 mls. The Timken tests were carried out by the standard procedure.
1 This composition contained 1% of glycerlne and 0.1% of added water All of the above compositions were substantially noncorrosive to copper as determined by the Copper Strip Corrosion Test carried out at 250 F. for one hour.
As shown by the data, the addition of 2.5 percent of 2- tertiary butyl thiophene to the oil containing a lead soap and both chlorine and sulfur-containing compounds increased the Timken O.K. value of the composition from up to lbs. O K. load and the pounds per square inch load from 34,750 up to 52,139. The other sulfurcontaining additives, including the conventional sulfurized fatty oils and benzyl disulfide, as well as the very similar compound 2, S-dichlorothiophene, either failed to give any improvement in the already high Timken values of the base composition or even degraded the OK. Timken loads.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the invention, as hereinbefore set forth, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. An extreme pressure lubricant comprising essentially a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil containing about 3-15 percent by weight of an oil-soluble lead soap selected from the group consisting of lead naphthenate, lead oleate, lead menhadenate and lead resinate, about 2-20 percent by weight of an oil-soluble chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon compound having extreme pressure properties, about 8-12 percent by weight of a. sulfochlorinated fatty oil having extreme pressure properties, and about 0.5-5 percent by weight of 2-tertiary butyl thiophene wherein the said thiophene substantially increases the extreme pressure properties of the composition.
2. An extreme pressure lubricant comprising essentially a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil containing about 3-15 percent by weight of lead naphthenate about 2-20 percent by weight of chlorinated paraffin wax having extreme pressure properties, about 8-12 percent by weight of sulfo-chlorinated sperm oil having extreme pressure properties, and about 0.5-5 per cent by weight of Z-tertiary butyl thiophene.
3. An extreme pressure lubricant comprising essentially a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil containing about 8-12 percent by weight of lead naphthenate, about 2-4 percent by weight of chlorinated parafiin wax containing about 35-47 percent by weight of combined chlorine, about 8-12 percent by weight of sulfo-chlorinated sperm oil containing about 4-6 percent by weight of combined sulfur and about 4-6 percent by weight of combined chlorine, about 1-3 percent by weight of 2- tertiary butyl thiophene and about 0.5-1.0 percent by weight of glycerine.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,160,293 Shoemaker et a1 May 30, 1939 2,192,930 Panagiotakos Mar. 12, 1940 2,353,170 Lincoln et al. July 11, 1944 2,528,782 Reid et al Nov. 7, 1950 2,619,463 Iouandet et al. Nov. 25, 1952 2,759,893 Beretvas Aug. 21, 1956 2,785,130 Langer Mar. 12, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS 519,538 Canada Dec. 13, 1955 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 2,932,615 April 12 1960 Terence B. Jordan et al.
It is hereby certified that error appears in theprinted specification of the above numbered patentrequiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 4 line 38, strike out the period and insert instead wherein the said thiophene substantially increases the extreme pressure properties of the composltlon.
Signed and sealed this. 20th day of September 1960.
(SEAL) Attest:
KARL H AXLINE ROBERT C. WATSON Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents
Claims (1)
1. AN EXTREME PRESSURE LUBRICANT COMPRISING ESSENTIALLY A MAJOR AMOUNT OF A MINERAL LIBRICATING OIL CONTAINING ABOUT 3-15 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AN OIL-SOLUBLE LEAD SOAP SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF LEAD NAPHTHENATE, LEAD OLEATE, LEAD MENHADENATE AND LEAD RESINATE, ABOUT 2-20 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AN OIL-SOLUBLE CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON COMPOUND HAVING EXTREME PRESSURE PROPERTIES, ABOUT 8-12 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF A SULFOCHLORINATED FATTY OIL HAVING EXTREME PRESSURE PROPERTIES, AND ABOUT 0.5-5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF 2-TERTIARY BUTYL THIOPHENE WHEREIN THE SAID THIOPHENE SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASES THE EXTREME PRESSURE PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOSITION.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US673182A US2932615A (en) | 1957-07-22 | 1957-07-22 | Extreme pressure lubricant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US673182A US2932615A (en) | 1957-07-22 | 1957-07-22 | Extreme pressure lubricant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2932615A true US2932615A (en) | 1960-04-12 |
Family
ID=24701603
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US673182A Expired - Lifetime US2932615A (en) | 1957-07-22 | 1957-07-22 | Extreme pressure lubricant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2932615A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3095376A (en) * | 1959-11-16 | 1963-06-25 | Shell Oil Co | Grease composition and process for its preparation |
| US3250711A (en) * | 1964-03-06 | 1966-05-10 | Shell Oil Co | Gear lubricant |
| US3395101A (en) * | 1966-06-13 | 1968-07-30 | Monsanto Co | Lubricating or hydraulic process using tertiary alkyl thiophene |
| US3458117A (en) * | 1966-10-31 | 1969-07-29 | Monsanto Co | Method of producing vacuum |
| US4737301A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1988-04-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Polycyclic thiophene lubricating oil additive and method of reducing coking tendencies of lubricating oils |
| US5817605A (en) * | 1991-06-03 | 1998-10-06 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Automatic transmission and wet brake fluids and additive package therefor |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2160293A (en) * | 1936-12-05 | 1939-05-30 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant |
| US2192930A (en) * | 1936-10-30 | 1940-03-12 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant |
| US2353170A (en) * | 1940-07-15 | 1944-07-11 | Lubri Zol Dev Corp | Lubricant |
| US2528782A (en) * | 1946-02-08 | 1950-11-07 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Lubricant |
| US2619463A (en) * | 1949-03-03 | 1952-11-25 | Exxon Standard Sa | Extreme pressure lubricant |
| CA519538A (en) * | 1955-12-13 | Texaco Development Corporation | Extreme pressure lubricant | |
| US2759893A (en) * | 1955-05-31 | 1956-08-21 | Standard Oil Co | Extreme pressure lubricant |
| US2785130A (en) * | 1953-12-21 | 1957-03-12 | Texas Co | Extreme pressure lubricant |
-
1957
- 1957-07-22 US US673182A patent/US2932615A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA519538A (en) * | 1955-12-13 | Texaco Development Corporation | Extreme pressure lubricant | |
| US2192930A (en) * | 1936-10-30 | 1940-03-12 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant |
| US2160293A (en) * | 1936-12-05 | 1939-05-30 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant |
| US2353170A (en) * | 1940-07-15 | 1944-07-11 | Lubri Zol Dev Corp | Lubricant |
| US2528782A (en) * | 1946-02-08 | 1950-11-07 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Lubricant |
| US2619463A (en) * | 1949-03-03 | 1952-11-25 | Exxon Standard Sa | Extreme pressure lubricant |
| US2785130A (en) * | 1953-12-21 | 1957-03-12 | Texas Co | Extreme pressure lubricant |
| US2759893A (en) * | 1955-05-31 | 1956-08-21 | Standard Oil Co | Extreme pressure lubricant |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3095376A (en) * | 1959-11-16 | 1963-06-25 | Shell Oil Co | Grease composition and process for its preparation |
| US3250711A (en) * | 1964-03-06 | 1966-05-10 | Shell Oil Co | Gear lubricant |
| US3395101A (en) * | 1966-06-13 | 1968-07-30 | Monsanto Co | Lubricating or hydraulic process using tertiary alkyl thiophene |
| US3458117A (en) * | 1966-10-31 | 1969-07-29 | Monsanto Co | Method of producing vacuum |
| US4737301A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1988-04-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Polycyclic thiophene lubricating oil additive and method of reducing coking tendencies of lubricating oils |
| US5817605A (en) * | 1991-06-03 | 1998-10-06 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Automatic transmission and wet brake fluids and additive package therefor |
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