US2917915A - Folding door lock - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 22, 1959 Y 1 c, RAlNMAN 2,917,915

FOLDING DOOR LOOK Filed June 6. 1955 s sheets-sheet 1 Dec. 22, 1959 J. c. RAINMAN 2,917,915

FOLDING DOOR LOCK INVENTOR.

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Dec. 22, 1959 J. c. RAINMAN 2,917,915

FOLDING DOOR LOCK Filed June 6, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 54 fa Je' a? .z

I N VEN TOR. 4 Jo soz C17/paz?? ma 7a United States Pateiit fice 2,917,915 Patented Dec. 22, 1959 2,917,915 FOLDING DOOR LOCK Joseph C. Rainman, Tujunga, Calif., assignor, by mesne assignments, to'The American Hardware Corporation, New Britain, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Application June 6, 1955, Serial No. 513,438 2 Claims. (Cl. 70--100) This invention relates to a door lock and, more particularly, to a door lock adapted to be utilized in conjunction with sliding doors. v

The door lock of my invention has particular application to sliding doors of the accordion type wherein an internal folding frame is covered on opposite sides thereof with a fabric cover. Doors of this type are difficult to close and lock because the inherent spring of the frame and the fabric covering thereupon tends to resist closing movement and this tendency is particularly marked during the final increments of movement of the door into closed position. Therefore, considerable difficulty is encountered in closing and locking doors of the character under consideration which incorporate conventional latches or locks, since the person closing the door must carefully time the operation to insure that latching takes place simultaneously with the juxtaposition of the edge of the door to the jamb of the opening in which it is mounted.

It is, therefore, an object of my invention to provide a lock for doors which is particularly adapted for use in conjunction with accordion type folding doors and which is characterized by the incorporation therein of a bolt having an unusually long reac whereby said bolt is extended a substantial distance beyond the edge of the door in which it is mounted to engage a strike or other receptacle in the jamb of the door opening and toiassist in the door closing process. By virtue of this construction of the lock of my invention, the diiculties encountered in closing doors of the character under consideration are eliminated because the lock assumes the load of the final incremental movement of closing the door and, of course, the necessity for timing the closing of the door with the latching of the lock is eliminated.

Accordion type doors are now used extensively in schools, restaurants, and various types of commercial establishments to act as separators for various `portions of large rooms or to act as closures between individual rooms. Since, in these establishments, the doors become relatively large and heavy and since the tendency of these doors to resist closing movement is in proportion to their size and weight, the difficulties encountered in closing smaller accordion type doors are even more pronounced in the larger, heavy-duty doors.

Another object of my invention is the provision of a lock of the aforementioned character which is particularly adapted for use in conjunction with heavy duty, accordion type folding doors and which-includes an elongated bolt characterized by an unusually long reach which permits the bolt to be moved from a first, retracted, unlocked position into a second, extended, strike-engaging position and utitnately into a third, retracted, locked position whereby the bolt is withdrawn into its housing to draw the edge of the door in which it is mounted into contiguity to the jamb of the door opening.

Since heavyduty type folding doors are frequently utilized in locations where it is extremely desirable to restrict access tothe areas behind such doors when they are closed, considerable difficulty has been encountered with conventional locks or latches because of the fact that the folding doors can be deflected sufficiently to release conventional hook or other type bolts, thus permitting the door to be opened and access to be had to the previously mentioned areas by unauthorized persons.

An additional object of my invention is the provision of a lock of the aforementioned character which incorporates a composite bolt, said bolt being movable into a first, locked position and ultimately into a second, auxiliary locked position which insures that the bolt cannot be dislodged from operative engagement with a strike upon which it has been previously locked.

A further object of my invention is the provision, in a lock of the aforementioned character, of a composite bolt which is moved longitudinally into a first, locked position and laterally into a second, locked position so that portions of the bolt successively engage different areas of the strike. Therefore, when an attempt is made to dislodge the bolt from operative engagement with the strike, it is impossible to release the bolt from all of the portions of the strike with which it is engaged at one time, or by any combination of movements of the door in which the lock is mounted.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a lock vof the aforementioned character which can be utilized in a wide variety of different applications such as a passage latch, a privacy lock set, or a lock associated with a conventional cylinder lock. This is made possible by the incorporation in the basic lock of all of the elements necessary to adapt said lock for use in these various applications.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent from the following specification and the accompanying drawingswhich are for the purpose of illustration only and in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the lock of my invention incorporated in an accordion type folding doors;

Fig. :2 is an enlarged, sectional view taken on the broken line 2 2 of Pig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a vertical, sectional view taken on the broken line 3 3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a vertical, sectional view showing the bolt of the lock extended from the edge of the door in which it is mounted into engagement with a strike located in the jamb of the door opening;

Fig. 5 is a vertical, sectional view showing the releasing action of the bolt whereby the bolt is dislodged from operative engagement with the strike;

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view showing the bolt in retracted, locked position;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view showing the locking slide of the lock in transition between its locked and unlocked positions;

Fig.A 8 is a horizontal, sectional broken line 88 of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 9 is a horizontal, sectional view taken from the broken line 9-9 of Fig. 6.

Referring to the drawings, and particularly to Figs. 1-3 thereof, I show an accordion type folding door 10 which is mounted for movement in a door opening 12 and which includes a stile 14 constituted by an elongated channel 16.-' Disposed in the channel 16 is a lock set 20 constructed in accordance with the teachings of my invention and including a housing 22.

The housing 22 including a vertically oriented face plate 24 whose upper and lower ends overlie the upper and lower edges of a bolt receiving opening 26 in the view taken on the screws 28. 'Ihe face plate 24 thus supports the housing 3 22 in operative relationship with the channel 16 and the opening 26 formed therein.

The housing 22 is, as best shown in Fig. 8 of the drawings, substantially U-shaped in horizontal cross section and has oppositely disposed, laterally spaced side walls 30 which define a chamber 34 for the reception of an actuator 36 which is constituted by a metallic disc 38 mounted for rotation with and by a transversely oriented spindle 42.

The opposite extremities of the spindle 42 extend through openings 44 formed in the side walls 30 of the housing 22, as best shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, and have secured thereto inner and outer handles 46 and 48 which are journaled in openings 50 formed in the sides of the stile channel 16. Therefore, rotation of either the inner handle 46 or outer handle 48 will cause concomitant rotation of the actuator 36.

Pivotally mounted upon the actuator disc 38, as by means of a pivot pin 52, is a composite bolt 54, said bolt being constituted by a pair of bolt blades 58 disposed on opposite sides of the actuator disc 38 and secured in operative relationship therewith by means of the pivot pin 52. The inner extremities of the blades 58 are operatively connected by means of rivets 60 and the blades 58 thus move as a unit in a manner to be described in greater detail below.

A tension spring 62 is secured to the inner extremities of the bolt blades 58 and has its opposite end fastened to a pin 66 mounted in the housing 22. The tension spring 62 thus serves to position the composite bolt 54 during the rotation of the actuator disc 38 by means of the spindle 42 and resists the tendency of the composite bolt 54 to pivot freely upon the actuator disc 38.

Each of the bolt blades 58 is of substantially rectangular, elongated form and provided on its outer extremity with a hook 68 for engaging a strike 70 mounted in the jamb 72 of the door opening 12. Also provided on the outer extremities of thebolt blades 58 are auxiliary, locking projections 74 -which are provided on the sides of the blades and are engageable with the sides of the strike 70, as best shown in Fig. 9 of the drawings, in a manner to be described in greater detail below.

Each of the blades 58 is provided with a cam surface 78 intermediate its ends, said cam surface being engageable with the adjacent side ofthe actuator disc 38 when the bolt 54 is disposed in its retracted, locked position, as best shown in Figs. 2, 6, and 9.

Also formed in each of the blades 58 constituting the composite bolt 54 are intermediate clearance openings 80 which, asbest shown in Figs. -3 and`6 of the draw ings, receive the transversely oriented spindle 42 and permit the blades 58'to be retracted about the axis of the spindle 42 by the actuator disc 38; "l t Formed upon the upper peripheral edges of the side.I walls 30 of. the housing 22 are cam surfaces 84 which each include an initial rise 86 'andi-intermediate dwell` 88 and another rise 90 'on the i'opposite side of said dwell, as best shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the drawings. A cam followed 92 is constituted by a pin 94 mounted in the bolt blades 58 and having its opposite ends projecting therebeyond, as best shown in Figs. 8 and 9 ofthe drawings, to enga-ge the cam surfaces 84, in a manner to be described in greater detail below.

Supported upon the housing 22 for vertical movement between upper locked and lower unlocked positions, is a locking slide 96 which, as best shown in Figs. 2-8 of the drawings, includesffa sidewall 98, a topv wall 100 formed integrallypwith said side wall andspanning lthe space between the side walls 30 of the housingu2'2 and terminating in a downstruck flange 102 which serves 'to im guide the locking slide96 in its vertical movement'upon thevhousin'g'22.

' A einem 104 is formed in the side wail 9s f the'istiqei 96`to 'clear the lspindle 42 during the vertical movement.

of sadfslicle upon the housing 22. Formed upon the in my copending application, Serial No. 514,902, tiled y lower extremity of the side wall 98 is a transversely oriented dogging bar 106 which is located in oppositely disposed slots 108 formed in the lower edges of the side walls 30 of the housing 22. Formed integrally with the dogging bar 106 .s a tongue 110 which engages one of the side walls 30, as best shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, to maintain the locking slide 96 in operative relationship with the housing 22. The actuator disc 38 is, as best shown in Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6, provided with a notch 112 in its periphery for the reception of the dogging bar 16'6 when the locking slide 96 is moved into its uppermost locked position.

Formed upon or secured to the top wall of the locking slide 96 is a yoke 114 which, as best shown in Figs. 3-4 and 6 of the drawings, provides upper and lower abutments 116 and 118 which are engageable by a tongue 120 projecting radially from a locking slide operator 122. 'l he locking slide operator 122 is, as best shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, constituted by an elongated cylindrical member 124 whose outer extremity is journaled in an escutcheon plate 126 and has secured thereto an inner actuating thumb-piece 128 which serves to rotate the slide operator 122 to cause the corresponding rotation of the tongue 120.

The elongated cylindrical member 124 constituting the locking slide operator 122 is provided with an axial bore 132, as best shown in Figs. 2-7 of the drawings, said bore being provided with oppositely disposed abutments 134 which are alternatively engageable by the locking blade 136 operatively connected to a conventional cylindrical lock 138 and rotatable thereby.

The yoke 114 is biased laterally by the action of a spring 142 into engagement with the periphery of the elongated cylindrical member 124 constituting the locking slide operator 122. Ihe spring 142 also serves to maintain the locking slide in operative relationship with locating means 144 formed on the housing 22 and constituted by a laterally projecting, integral prong 146 which extends through an opening 148 and is engageable, as best shown in Figs. 3 and 7 of the drawings, with the upper and lower notches 150 defined on one edge of said opening by means of a protrusion 152 formed upon said edge. The spring 142 thus also serves to urge one of the notches ISU on opposite sides of the protrusion 152 on the edge of the opening 148 into engagement with the prong 146 to maintain the locking slide 96 in either its uppermost locked or its lowermost unlocked position.

Formed integrally with the radially projecting tongue 120 on the operator 122 is a radial extension 156, as best shown inA Figs. 2 and 6 of the drawings. 'Ihe radial extension 156 is adapted, during rotation of the operator 122, to engage a transversely oriented assembly screw 158, -thus limiting rotation of the operator 122 and preventing movement of said operator beyond a predetermined point.4 Thus, the assembly screw 158 servesas a 5 hannes 46. and 4s. when so utilized, there is no in.

stallation of a thumb-piece 128 or the associated cylinf der lock 138 and the lock set 20 functions as a simple passage latch with no positive key operated lockingvv means.

Furthermore, the lock set 20 can be utilized as a privacy set wherein the thumb-piece 128 is installed in conjunction with the locking slide operator 122. In such installations, a simple actuating shaft such as that shown une 1-3, 19555 nowBatent'Nov,2,82,1,422,..dated kJanuary 28, 19,58, is utilized on the outersideof thedoorzin `place of the cylinder lock 138 to permit emergency operation of the locking slide operator 122 if the need should arise. Of course, the lock set 20 can also be utilized as a keyed llock set such as that shown in Figs. 2-8 of the drawings wherein the lock set 20 can be positively locked by the use of a cylindrical lock 138 in conjunction with the locking slide operator 122. y 1 v The versatility of the lock set-`205is attributable to the fact that all of the necessary components kfor any one of the desired applications are incorporated in the housing 22 and there is noneed for the ,addition or subtraction of elements to adapt the lock setI 20 for the various applications mentioned hereinabove. ,v t, t

In order to facilitate the description of the mode of operation of the lock'set 20, itpwillirst be described as functioning without the utilizationfyofthe locking slide 96 as a passage set or plaindatch. gw@ ,Y 1]* In its normal retracted, unlocked position, thercomposite bolt 54 is' disposed in' thelocati'on shown infFig. 3 of the drawings `wherein the pivojtfpin 52 islocatedrrearwardly of the axis of `thekspindley42. andfthemajorlportion of the composite bolt 54 is retracted within the stile 14. It will be noted that, kin this position, the tension spring 62 serves to maintain the composite bolt 54 in an upper position and prevents it from rotating freely on the pivot pin and thus on the actuator disc 38.

As previously explained, the normal procedure in latching a folding door such as the door shown in Fig. 1 is to pull the door 10 into a position wherein the stile 14 is spaced a short distance from the adjacent jamb 72 of the door opening or an adjacent stile of another folding door. When conventional latches are utilized, it then becomes a problem to cause the nal increment of movement of the stile 14 of the door against the inherent spring of said door and tov `time said movement with the actuation of the latch.

When the bolt 54 is in the fullyv retracted, inoperative position, shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, yit does not project beyond the edge of the lstile-14 sufficiently to catch upon the clothing of individuals walking therepast. Rotation of either the inner or outer handles 46 or 48 causes concomitant rotation of the spindle42 and the actuator disc 38 mounted thereupon to cause the movement of` the bolt 54 into the extended latching position shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings. It will be noted that rotation ofthe actuator disc 38 causes both rotary and longitudinal movement of the bolt 54, the rotary movement being controlled by the tension spring 62 toprevent the bolt 54 from rotating freely upon thevpivot pin 52 which secures it to the actuator disc 38.

As lthe bolt 54 is longitudinally moved by the rotation of the actuator disc 38, the cam ,follower 92 constituted by the pin 94 engages the cam surfaces 84 on the upper edges of the side walls 30 of the housing 22 and the outer end of the bolt 54 is thus urged downwardly into a position in which it wi-ll impinge upon the strike 70. It will be noted from Fig. 4 of the drawings that the'extension or reach of the bolt 54 from the stile 14 is unusually long which permits the hook 68 on each of the bolt blades 58 to engage the strike 70 even though the stile 14 yof the door 10 is still spaced a considerable distance from the jamb 72 of the door opening 12. l

Continued movement of the door 10.toward the jarnb 72 causes the hooks 68 on the bolt blades 58 to be deflected downwardly against the tension of the spring 62 and to engage the lip of thestrike 70.

After the engagement of the lip of the strike-70 by the hooksr68 on the outer ends of the b olt blades 58,*one of the vhandles 46 orV 48 is rotated to cause the counterclockwise rotation of the actuator disc 38 and to cause theinward movement of the bolt 54 into the retracted lpeked positionshown in Fig. 6 of the drawings. yTherefore, as Vthebolt 54 isdrawn inwardlyinto the stile 14,- the edge of the stile 14is drawn intocontiguity to the edge of the jamb 72 or the stile of an adjacentdoor andv the bolt 54 thus serves the dual functions of a door closer and latch and eliminates the difficulties encountered in the use of conventional latches in doors of the character under consideration here. f

As the bolt 54 is drawn inwardly into the retracted locked position shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, the camy surfaces 78 on the inner sides of .thel bolt blades 58 are brought into engagement withtheadjacent surfaces of the actuator dise 38and the blades 58 vare spread apart into the position shown in Fig. 9 ofthe drawings wherein the auxiliary locking projections 74 upon ksaid blades engage the sides of the strike 70. Thus, the bolt is movable into two latching or locking positions, namely: the impingement of the hooks 68 of Itheblladesuon the lip of the strike 70 and the Vengagementof the` auxiliary locking projections 74 on the sides of the strike' 70. By providing a composite bolt'of this character,v the security obtained is much greater since'it-is impossible to dislodge the bolt blades 58 from operative engagement with the strike 70.l For instance, if ythe door 10 is'L moved or deflected downwardly in an attempt to disengage the hooks 68 from operative engagement 'with the lip of the strike `70, the projections 74 will still remain engaged with the side-s of the strike and prevent the bolt from being disengaged from the strike and the door from being opened.

When the bolt 54 is in the retracted position shown in` Fig. 6 of the drawings, the pivot pin `52 mounting the blades 58 thereof is disposed to the left-hand side of and below the axis of the spindle 52providing an over, center lock which cannot be broken `until voluntary rotation of the spindle 42 and the actuator disc 38 thereupon takes place.

To release the bolt 54 from operative engagement with` the strike 70, the spindle 42 and the actuator disc 38 thereupon are rotated in a clockwise direction, as shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings, to once again extend the bolt 54 and the blades 58 constituting the same and permit the stile 14 of the door 10 to move away from the jamb 7 2. As the bolt blades S8 are extended, the cam surfaces 78 thereupon are moved out of engagement with adjacent surfaces of the actuator disc 38 to permit the blades S8 to move inwardly toward each other, as best shown in Fig. 8 of the drawings, and to releasetheauxiliary locking projections 74 fromy their engagement with the sides 'of' the strike 70.

However, thehooks 68 'still remain engaged upon they lip of the strike 70and it is necessary to provide positive means for unlatching said hooks from operative engagement with said strike. This is accomplished by continued rotation of the spindle 42 in the actuator disc to ,causel the cam follower 92 constituted by4 the pin 94 to ride upwardly on theV rise which, as best shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings, deliects the bolty 54 and the blades 58v downwardly to release the hooks 68 upon the outer extremities of said blades from operative engagementwith the strike 70. l i

After the release of the bolt 54 fromioperatiye engagel v ment with the strike, the spindle 42 and the actuator disc 38 are rotated in a counterclockwise direction to reassume the rinoperative .retracted Y position y shown inj Fig. 3 of the drawings. Therefore, the loc-k set 20 can beA used as a plain or passage latch-which can be energized at will from either `side of the-door10by the rotation .0f-` either the inner or outer handle 46 Aor 48, respectively.

The utilization of the lock set 20 as a keyed locky sety is illustrated in Figs. 2-8 ofthe drawings and in thisi application the thumb-piece 128 andthe cylinder lock 138 serve as meansfor rotating the locking slide operator 122 to cause vertical movement of the locking slidel 96 between an uppermost locked position and a lower-' most unlo'cked position.

quence of operations of the bolt 54 as described in considering the utilization of the lock set 20 as a plain latch is followed and the inner and outer handles 46 and 48 are utilized to energize said bolt 54. However, after the bolt 54 is moved into the retracted locked position shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, the thumb-piece 128 is energized to lock the door Lfrom the inside or a key may be utilized in the cylinder lock 138 to lock the door from the outside.

Rotation of the thumb-piece 128 causes concomitant rotation of the locking slide operator 122 because of the impingement of the tongue 120 of said operator upon the upper abutment 116 of the locking slide 96.

The locking slide is normally disposed, as best shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, in `its unlocked lower position wherein the dogging bar 106 provided thereupon is disposed below the notch 112 in the actuator disc 38. When disposed in its lowermost, unlocked position, the slide 96 is maintained therein by the locating means 144 constituted by thc laterally directed prong 146 which is positioned in the upper of the two notches 150 and maintained therein by the action of the leaf spring 142 which forces the locking slide 96 to the left, as best shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings.

However, when the locking slide operator 122 is rotated, the tongue 120 projecting radially therefrom engages the bottom of the yoke 114 to force the locking slide 96 laterally to the right and to disengage the locating means 144 from the upper locating notch 150 against the bias of the spring 142. When the locating means is so dislodged from operative engagement with the upper locating notch 150, the tongue 120 engages the upper abutment 116 to raise the locking slide 96 vertically into its uppermo'st locked position wherein the dogging bar 106 enters the notch 112 in the actuator disc 3S. 1t will be noted that the notch 112 is located in a position to be engaged by the dogging bar 106 when the bolt 54 is located in its retracted locked position, -as best shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings.

If rotation of the operator 122 is continued beyond the point at which the locking slide 196 is raised into its upper locked position, the radial extension 156 on the tongue 122 will ultimately engage the assembly screw 158 to prevent further rotation of the operator 122. With the locking slide 96 lo'cated in its uppermost locked position and the dogging bar 106 thereupon in the notch 112 in the actuator disc 38, rotation of the disc is prevented and the handles 46 or 48 cannot be caused to rotate the disc in a clockwise direction to release the bolt 54.

To release the bolt 54, it is necessary to either rotate the thumb-piece 128 or to rotate a key 162 in the cyinder lock 138. Rotation of the cylinder lock will cause rotation of the locking blade 136 which will cause said locking blade to impinge on either of the abutrnents 134 in the axial bore 132 of the o'perator 122 to cause rotation of the operator which will move the radially projecting tongue 120 to engage with the bottom of the yoke 114 moving the yoke 114 to the right against the bias of the spring 142 and dislodging the locking slide 96 and, more particularly, the lower of the locating notches 150 from operative engagement with the prong 146. The lateral movement of the locking slide 96 in this manner is best illustrated in Fig. 7 of the drawings and continued rotation of the radially projecting to'ngue 120 will cause said tongue to engage the lower abutment 118 to urge the locking slide 96 downwardly and free the dogging bar 186 from operative engagement with the notch 112 in the edge of the actuator disc 38.

When the actuator disc is freed from the dogging bar 106, rotation of the actuator disc 38 in a clockwise direction to permit outward movement of the bolt 54 from its retracted locked position can be caused by engagement of either of the handles 46 o'r 48 to release the bolt 54 from operative engagement with-the strike '70.

In accordance with conventional practice, it is possible to substitute for the cylinder lock 138 a screw head or other member having a blade 136 mounted thereupon engageable with the operator 122 so that energization of the operator may be caused byy placing an actuating object such as a screwdriver in the screw head. Such applications are conventionally used in privacy sets wherein it is not desired to use a keyed cylinder lock. l

'I thus provide by my invention a lock set which is adapted for use with various types of doors and particularly with accordion type folding doors wherein diiticulty is encountered in closing said doors and simultaneously energizing Vthe latch for maintaining said doors in closed position. Characteristic of the lock set of my invention is the unusual reach of the bolt 54 which is extended a considerable distance beyond the stile 14 of the door jamb into engagement with the associated strike to cause the door to be drawn into engagement with the jamb as the bolt is drawn into its retracted locked position.

Also signicant features of my invention are the provision of the compound locking action of the bolt, the positive unlatching of the bolt from the associated strike, and the positive locking of the bolt by means of a locking slide which constitutes a component part of the lock set.

Also characteristic of my invention is the universality of the lock set constructed in accordance with the teachings of my invention which permits the lock set to be utilized in a multiplicity of applications without moditication of any portion of the lock set itself.

I claim as my invention:

l. In a lock for a door, the combination of: a housing disposable in an edge of said door; a spindle rotatable in said housing; a rotatable actuator secured to said spindle constituted by a disc; a composite bolt pivotally mounted on said actuator and movable longitudinally thereby into a first latched position and laterally thereby into a second latched position, said bolt being constituted by a pair of latch blades mounted on opposite sides of said disc; and cam means between said blades and said disc for detlecting said blades into a second locking position.

2. In a lock for a door, the combination of: a housing having locating means constituted by a prong thereupon; a rotatable actuator disc in said housing; a locking slide vertically and laterally movable on the exterior of said housing, said slide having a dog engageable with said disc and said housing to prevent rotation of said disc, said slide being engageable by said prong to maintain it in an uppermost locked or lowermost unlocked position; and a slide operator for successively disengaging said slide from said locating means by lateral movement thereof and vertically moving the same.

References Cited-in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 414,518 Gilbert Nov. 5, 1889 719,705 Vallee Feb. 3, 1903 917,536 De Bruycker Apr. 6, 1909 1,029,747 Giese June 18, 1912 1,083,438 Dohse `lan. 6, 1914 1,250,574 Ferris Dec. 18, 1917 1,441,336 Flowers Jan. 9, 1923 1,530,655 Dowling Mar. 24, 1925 1,831,588 Clark Nov. 10, 1931 1,956,372 Clark Apr. 24, 1934 2,181,762 Milligan Nov. 28, 1939 2,238,266 Johnson Apr. 15, 1941 2,378,654 Pekny June 19, 1945 2,448,748 Vanderveld Sept. 7, 1948 2,538,385 Schurman Jan. 16, 1951 2,701,156 Palmer Y Feb. l, 1955 2,737,406 Brook Bank Mar. 6, 1956

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