US2844331A - Impact crusher - Google Patents

Description

July 22, 1958 I c. A. ADAMS 2,844,331

' IMPACT CRUSHER' 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 17,1953

INVENTOR. 63m RL 5.: ,4. ADAMS ATTDRNEYS.

y 22, 1958 c. A. ADAMS 2,844,331

IMPACT CRUSHER Filed Dec. 17,1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 v R 1' Y INVENTOR.

CHA RLES A. ADAMS ATTORNEYS.

July'zz, 1958 A. ADAMS 2,844,331

IMPACT GRUSHER Filed Dec 17. 1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 l A d INVENTOR. CHA/PL 5 AAoAM:

A TTORNEYS.

July 22, 1958 c. A. ADAMS ,3

IMPACT CRUSHER Filed Dec. 17, 1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

4.5 CHARLES A ADA M5 ATTORNEYS.

United States Patent My invention relates to a crusher and more particularly to an impact type crusher for crushing stone, ores or other crushable material.

My improved impact crusher is of the type wherein crushable material is fed to the center of a rotating impeller which throws the crushable material outcomtn'fugally against impact surfaces which are substantially normal to the trajectory of the impelled material.

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved impact crusher wherein an impact surface is substantially'normal in all directions to the trajectory of an impelled particle.

It is another object to provide an impact crusher having a small plurality of impact surfaces all points of which are substantially normal to the trajectories of particles discharged by the impeller.

Another object is to provide an impact crusher having only a small number of surface parts subjected to normal wear.

It is another object to provide an impact crusher having impeller means and impact means relatively adjustable, so asto present new wear surfaces in case of excessive wear.

Further object is to provide an impact crusher having a centrifugal type impeller and a small plurality of impact surfaces adjustable to compensate for wear.

It'is another object to provide an impact crusher arranged for a relatively free discharge of crushed material and the production of a highly cubical product with a relatively small amount of extreme fines.

Other objects and various features of novelty and invention will be hereinafter pointed outor will become apparent to those skilled in the art.

In the drawings which show, for illustrative purposes only, a preferred form of the invention- Fig. l is a top plan view in partial section of an impact crusher illustrative of the invention;

Fig. 2' is a vertical sectional view taken substantially in the plane of the line 22 of Fig. 1; i

Fig. 3 is a detail top plan view of the centrifugal impeller and impact plates, the view being similar to Fig. 1, with the top removed to illustrate interior construc tion;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of means for adjustably holding an impact plate in a crusher housing;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4, but illustrating parts in ditferent positions;

Fig. 6 is a top plan view of a modification; and

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view substantially on the line 77 of Fig. 6.

In the preferred form of the invention illustrated, I provide a main frame or housing 5 which may be mounted upon foundation pillars or other type of foundation 6, as will be understood. The housing 5 supports beams 78 for supporting a central shaft housing 9. This housing carries the main impeller shaft 10 on from the impeller.

bearings such as antifriction bearings 11-11, mounted in the shaft housing 9.

Drive means, such as a motor 12, is supported preferably on the outside of the housing 5, and drive means, such as a belt 13, serves to drive the impeller shaft 10 from the motor. The impeller 14 shown in. Fig. 1 may be of conventional form or may embody substantially the same parts as those just described.

The impeller shaft 10 carries an impeller 14, which is rotated thereby. The impeller preferably comprises bottom plates 15, which may extend to opposite sides of the central shaft 10, so as to, in effect, form a double impeller. tively hard abrasive-resistant material so as to reduce wear due to crushable material being thrown outwardly The impeller also includes generally vertical side plates 16 also formed of hard abrasiveresistant material to reduce wear dueto the crushable material thrown out. The plates 1516 are preferably removable and may be secured to the main impeller housing 17 as by means of bolts 18, as will be understood.

Crushable material is fed to the impeller 14 substantially at the center, as by means of an inlet pipe or conduit 19 extending down vertically through the cover 19, secured on the housing 5. Thus, crushable material fed into the inlet conduit 19 through any suitable type of hopper as shown, will drop down onto the impeller substantially to the center, and since the impeller is rotating at relatively high speed counterclockwise asviewed from the top, the crushable material will'be thrown out centrifugally along the vertical walls 16, while resting and sliding, of course, on the bottom plates 15.

Any particles leaving the impeller will have a velocity and direction which may be resolved into a tangential component and a generally radial component; that is to say, any particle leaving the impeller will tend to fly off in a tangential direction, but since it has a very high radial velocity due to the centrifugal actionof the im-.

peller, it will also tend to fly off in a radial direction.

The trajectory of the particle will'be the resultant of 7 all of the directional components.

As shown particularly in Fig. 3, a material particle 20 is shown at the point of discharge from the impeller. The particle 20 will have a tangential directional component 21 due to the rotation of'the impeller, and will 1 have a radial directional component 22 due to the centrifugal action of the impeller. In the form shown, we have assumed the component 21 to be the actual measure of tangential velocity and direction, and the component 22 we have assumed to be about percent of the tangential velocity, it being assumed that the tangential and the radial velocities would be theoretically equal. Due to the frictional resistance, the radial velocity, it has been assumed, would be only about '90 percent of the tangential velocity. The resultant of the component velocities 21 and 22 is represented by the line 23, and the actual velocity and direction of any material particle may be represented by the line 23.

Since the particle 20 as shown in Fig. 3 is any particle, it will be clear that if trajectories be laid out for a part of the revolution of the impeller, trajectories 23% as shown in Fig. 3 will be obtained. It will also be observed that an'arc drawn tangent to all of the trajectory lines 23 23 will be a circle of diameter less than the diameter of the circle generated by the impeller at the point of discharge.

Patented July 22, 1958 Each bottom plate 15 is preferably of a relathe impact surface 26 is an involute about the circle 27 which, as stated, is of a diameter less than the diameter of a circle generated by the point of discharge of particles from the impeller. While a single impact surface 26, in the form of an involute about the circle 27, might be formed. in a single 'case or. housing-,the' design would be wholly impractical and,,'therefore, it istdesirable to provide a small plurality of, different impact surfacesv 26, 26 26 etc. on impact plates- 25. Inthe form shown, we have provided fourrimpactsurfaces, and the design is quite satisfactory.

Itwill be seen that the forward tip. 28 of each impact surface, in effect, overlaps the rear .end 29fofthe next succeeding impact plate, so that every particle of crushable material discharged by the impeller will be almost certain to strike a surface substantially normal to the-trajectory of each particle discharged by the impeller. .The. impact plates 25 in effect form a housing, but the outer housing casing is provided for completely-enclosing all'of the impact plates and confining the crushedmaterial. These plates are preferably supported in the housing by means of acircumferential angle bracket 30,fupon which the plates may rest, as shown partlyin- Fig.5. Within the housing, Ialso preferably provide the framework for abutment means 31 for the forward or free end of each impact plate, as will be particularly clear in Fig.7 3. The impact plates may have a rearwardly extending llong'itudinal flange 32, having an aperture 33 therein for receiv ing a hook bolt 34 passing through an opening in'the housing 5, which may be secured as byrmeans .of a nut 352 Thus the impact plates 25 may be drawn up against the housing 5 atthe rear end and against the' abutment means 31 at the forward end, .and very securely heldin" place. T hese. impact platesare preferably formed, 'at the impactsurface at least, of impact and abrasion resis'tant material; preferably of such a nature that the surface ha'rdens by the impact of particles of crushable material.

I have provided meansfor adjusting the relative positions ofthe impact plates and impeller, so that, in'case of substantial wear or grooving of the impactiplates, there may bea relative change of. position. In'the form shown;

I may provide spacer blocks 36, which may be positioned between the angle iron supporting bracket 30 and the rear end 29 of each impact plate, and also between the forward end of each impact plate and a shelf 37' on the abutment or strut work 31. When the impact platesare' madeadjustable as described, I preferably provide a slot 40in"the housing 5 as indicated in Fig. 4, so that'the.

hook bolt 34' may be adjusted up and down and always rigidly hold the impact plates in place in thehousin'g. Thus, if the impact plates should becomeworn, for example if a groove should form, the plates may be adjusted upwardly so as to presenta new surface to the' particles thrown. out by the impeller; thus, the life "o-fthe' rather expensive impact plates may be. substantially prolonged.

It willbe observed thatthe' extreme forwardends 28" of the impact platesare subject-to impact and possibly glancing blowsof crushable'particles: The wear onsuch points will be substantially greater than-on other surfaces,

and it may be desirable to move such forward ends 28' closer'to the impeller'so as to present-better surfaces to the crushableparticles. end of the impact plate to be adjusted;-I may'arrange' to' loosen the nuts 35 and swing theforward ends 28 0mwardly, and insert a shim ordistance block 41* so asto In orderto permit the forward adjust outwardly-and position each-plate withoutyhowever; very substantially altering the relative positions of the impact plates' and the impeller-5 Even after such slight adjustment, the impact- :surfa'ces willbe substantially inon rnal in all directions to the-trajectory "of particles im? pelled by the impeller."

Inthe modification shownin Figs.16 anda7, theiimpactplates are supported slightly'diiferently and arerreversible" endufor end. Each impact surface-is a true; arc-butdiffers '50 is supported on the bracket49-r The impact plate 50* has the impact surface 51 in the form of a true arc but, as stated, the arc differs so little from the true involute -(see dotted line showing) that for all practical'and functionalpurposes the surface is normal to the trajectory of the particles discharged by the impeller. The back of the impact plate has flat bosses 52 which seat fiat on the fiat surfaces of the angles 4748. The plate has an integral eye 53 at the rear to receive the hook bolt 54, which is secured to the casing and holds theimpact plate rigidly in place.

It will be seen that the impactplate is fully symmetrical and therefore may be turned end forendto distribute the.

wear and prolongthe life of-the.plate. The true are is also. easier to machine .than the true involute and there.

fore the-,arcuate impact plate is cheaper to manufacture.

and the crushed. particles will fall straight down and all of th'particls Willi-have fallen down before the impellerv turns around so as to discharge another particle onto that particular part of the impact plate. .Thus, with each particle striking the impactplate only once, and

notbeir'l'gv struck by otherparticles, the crushing will be 1 excellent and the production of substantial quantities of.

extreme fines will be reduced to a minimum. Generally speaking, the higher the speed of the impeller the finer will 'bethe crushf It will be seen that mycIushe'r is formed of relatively' fewparts, all" of sturdy construction and not likely to get "'out'of order.

The-wear surfaces on the impeller may be readily re= newed when worn out. All of the moving parts, such" as the impeller bearings, etc; may becompletely housed so as'to be shieldedfromdustand otherforeign matter.

The crusher is simple to operateg'and will effectivelycrus'h .crushable material to the desiredextent without the production of excessive extreme fines:

While I have described one form of-the invention in detail, it will be understood that modificationsrna'y be I madeiwithin the :scope of'the invention as defined in the following claims.

I claim 1. In an impact crusher, a housing, a centrifugal pellerinzsaid housing to-throw crushable material outwardly, animpact: plate in said'housing and havingan impact surface substantially normal to the trajectory of a particle impelled by said impeller, means for adjusting said impact plate in a direction axially of the axis, of rotation of! said impe'llerand means fordrawing said impact plate generally radially outwardly in said housing:

2. Ina-an impact crusher, a housing, a centrifugal impeller rotatablymounted insaid housing for impelling crushable-material outwardly, an impact plate in said housing, abutment means for sustaining said impact plate in a radial direction, means for drawing outwardly on said impactplateto urge,the latter into seating contact with The impact platesare duplicates of" eachoth'e'r; and may' be securely held in place in. the" ,cru sher housingyan'd may be adjusted when'required.

said abutment means, said impact plate having flat abutment surfaces to seat on said abutment means.

3. In an impact crusher, a housing, a centrifugal impeller rotatably mounted in said housing for impelling crushable material outwardly, an impact plate in said housing, abutment means for sustaining said impact plate in a generally radial direction, said impact plate having a rearward projection with a transverse hole therein, and means engaging in said hole for urging said impact plate generally radially outwardly into firm engagement with said abutment means.

4. In an impact crusher, a housing, a centrifugal impeller mounted for rotation in saidhousing, an inlet to said impeller, a plurality of impact plates in said housing, each said impact plate comprising a generally are shaped plate member, said generally are shaped plate member being tipped in said housing so as to position one end adjacent'said housing and the other end adjacent said impeller, each said impact plate member when in said position having its front impact surface formed and positioned substantially normal to the trajectories of particles thrown centrifugally against it by said impeller, abutment means formed on the inside of said housing to abut said rear side of said generally are shaped plate means to sustain the same in the position aforesaid, and

means for drawing said are shaped impact plate members on to said abutment means.

5. In the combination defined in claim 4, the end of said generally are shaped impact plate which is adjacent said housing being in contact with the inside of said housing.

6. In the combination defined in claim 4, said generally arcuate impact plate being substantially symmetrical and interchangeable end for end on its said abutment means.

7. In the combination defined in claim 4, said abutment means in said housing serving to hold both rear ends of said generally are shaped impact plate away from the inside of said housing.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,267,110 Parsons May 21, 1918 0 2,357,843 Morrissey Sept. 12,.1944

FOREIGN PATENTS 24,574 Great Britain 1911 394,478 Great Britain June 29, 1933

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