US2842105A - Cyclone fired vapor generating unit with downcomer support for the cyclone furnace - Google Patents

Description

- July 8, 1958 J KOLLING 2,842,105

CYCLONE FIRED VAPOR GENERATING UNIT WITH DOWNCOMER v SUPPORT FOR THE CYCLONE FURNACE Filed July 20, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 1

INVENTOR.

JOHAN N KOLLI NG ATTORNEY July 8, 1958 J. KOLLlNG 2,842,105

CYCLONE FIRED VAPOR GENERATING UNIT WITH DOWNCOMER SUPPORT FOR THE CYCLONE FURNACE Filed July 20, 1955 7 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ill 20 j}: 19 132 130 41? 3 ii 7 I I I I I HI L I F|( 3.2 3 K65 I INVEN TOR.

JOHANN KOLLI NG ATTQRNEY CYCLQNE FIRED VAPUR GENERATING UNIT WITH DUWNCUMER SUPPORT FOR THE CY- CLQNE FURNAEE .loltann Koiling, Uherhausen, Rhineland, Germany, as-

signor to The Bahcock & Wilcox Company, New York, N. L, a corporation of New Jersey Application July 20, 1955, Serial No. 523,260

8 Claims. (Cl. 122-510) This invention relates to improvements in vapor generating and superheating units, and it is more particularly concerned with a vapor generating and superheating unit having a furnace chamber the Walls of which include vapor generating tubes, and a cyclone furnace disposed laterally of the furnace chamber and normally delivering combustion products to the furnace chamber, said combustion products including high temperature heating gases.

The pertinent unit also includes vapor generating tubes disposed in the walls of the cyclone furnace, supporting steelwork including upright columns and horizontal con necting beams, a vapor andliquid drum supported at the upper part of the steelworlr, connections between the upper ends of the vapor generating tubes and the vapor space of the drum, large diameter tubular downcomers disposed on opposite sides of the cyclone furnace and pendently supported from the upper part of the steelwork, tubular connections between the lower parts of the downcomers and the inlets of the vapor generating tubes, and means including a transverse construction including beams or girders supported by the downcomers at its opposite ends and receiving the load of the cyclone furnace, the downcomers being arranged alongside the columns with the columns between the downcomers.

In another aspect of the invention, it includes a vapor generating and superheating unit having a boiler setting including steelwork with horizontal beams and horizontally spaced columns supporting the beams or girders, one or more of the beams or girders connecting one or more pairs of said columns at their upper parts and each having its ends overhanging the connected columns, a

pressure vessel in the form of a horizontally disposed liquid and vapor drum at the upper part of the steelwork, wall means including vapor generating tubes presenting a furnace chamber within the setting, means normally supplying the furnace chamber with high temperature heating gases, large diameter tubular downcomers disposed below said overhanging girder ends and exteriorly of the connected columns, means pendently supporting the downcomers from said overhanging ends, circulatory tubular elements connecting the upper parts of the down comers with the liquid space of the drum, and tubular elements connecting the lower parts of the downcomers with the inlets of the vapor generating tubes.

In a more specific sense, the invention relates to a vapor generating and superheating unit having a rectangular steelworlt boiler setting including four upright columns at the corners of the setting, the steelwork including hori- Zontal beams or girders connecting the upper and lower parts of the columns, two of the upper girders overhanging their connected columns and arranged in parallelism, a large diameter tubular downcomer alongside each corner column, means pendently supporting the downcomers from the overhanging ends of the upper girders, Wall means including vapor generating tubes defining an up right furnace chamber within the setting, means including vapor generating tubes defining a cyclone fuel burning furnace disposed at the lower part of the setting and ice normally delivering high temperature heating gases to the lower part of the furnace chamber, a vapor and liquid drum at the top of the setting having its liquid space in communication with the upper parts of the downcomers, means connecting the lower parts of the downcomers with the inlets of the vapor generating tubes, and a load supporting construction including girders secured to the lower parts of the downcomers and receiving the load of the cyclone furnace.

The invention will be concisely and clearly set forth in the claims appended hereto, but for a more complete understanding of the invention, its uses and advantages, reference should be had to the following description which refers to the vapor generating and superheating unit disclosed in the attached drawings.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a diagrammatic view in the nature of a sectional side elevation disclosing the arrangement of the pertinent components of the steam generating unit constituting one feature of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view in the nature of a plan illustrating the arrangement of the component parts of the steam generating unit at the lower part of the boiler setting; and

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic composite view, the right hand half of which indicates, in vertical section, the relationship of the cyclone furnace to the primary furnace chamber and the secondary furnace chamber, as well as to the columns and load-supporting downcomers of the inven tion. Fig. 3, in its left hand part, illustrates the arrangement of similar parts in elevation.

In the drawings there is illustrated a large volume vertically extended secondary furnace chamber 1. This furnace chamber is formed by wall means such as the side walls 2 and 3, and the end walls 4 and 5. These walls include upright vapor generating tubes such as the tubes indicated in Fig. l at 6 and 7. The upper ends of the vapor generating tubes are connected by appropriate means such as the headers 8 and 9, and suitable circulatory tubular connections leading to the mixture inlet space of the vapor and liquid drum 10. In a natural circulation unit such as that indicated in the drawings, the lower ends of the vapor generating tubes are appropriately connected into the circulation of the unit by suitable means,

such as the headers 11 and 12, the connected circulators 13 and 14 leading to the lower ends of the large diameter downcomers 15 and 16, and appropriate circulatory tubular connections such as those indicated at 1'7 and 18, leading from the upper parts of the downcomers to the separated water space of the drum ltl.

The lower part of the furnace chamber 1 is normally supplied with high temperature heating gases generated by the burning of fuel within opposed cyclone furnaces indicated at 19 and 2%. These cyclone furnaces are dis posed at the lower part of the unit and laterally of the furnace chamber 1. The cyclone furnaces are similar in construction, and they are preferably of the type indicated in the Kerr et al. Patent 2,594,312. The wall means of the cyclone furnaces preferably include vapor generating tubes connected into the circulation of the unit by appropriate circulatory means including upper headers such as those indicated at 21 and 22, the similar lower headers 23 and 24, tubular circulatory connections such as those indicated at 25 connecting the lower ends of the down corners 15 to the lower header 23, similar tubular circulatory connections 26 connecting the lower end of the downcorner 15 with the cyclone header 2d, and circulatory connections such as 2'7 and 28 connecting the upper headers 21 and 22 with the drum 10.

The cyclone furnaces normally burn fuel at high temperatures, higher than the fusion temperature of the incombustible slag when granulated coal is utilized as fuel,

and the high temperature furnace gases so generated pass from the cyclone furnaces through their throats 3t into the opposed primary furnace chambers 32 and 3d, the wall means forming these primary furnace chambers, preferably including vapor generating tubes such as the lower parts of the tubes 6 and 7 some of which are included in the walls 36 and 38.

The wall means for the cyclone furnaces 19 and 2b, as well as for the associated primary furnace chambers 32 and 34-, and the lower part of the secondary furnace chamber 1, disposed between the primary furnace chambers, include the spaced vapor generating tubes and high temperature refractory material maintained on the tubes by radially arranged metallic studs welded to the tubes as indicated in the above identified Kerr et al. patent. The lower parts of some of these tubes are disposed within the floor of each one of the primary furnace chambers 32 and 34, and are similarly associated with metallic studs and high temperature refractory material to receive slag flowing from the cyclone furnaces through openings such as the opening 41}, and having an appropriate slag discharge opening for the flow of slag from the floor of each cyclone furnace.

The high temperature heating gases discharging through the throats 3d of the cyclone furnaces flow against target walls 42 and formed by the lower parts of the vapor generating tubes 6 and 7, and their associated high temperature refractory material. The gases then turn and flow downwardly and then up around the lower ends of these target walls and across the widely spaced tubular parts of the screen 46. The gases then flow upwardly through the furnace chamber 1, furnishing heat for vapor generation by the radiant transmission of heat to the wall tubes of the furnace chamber 1. Thereafter the gases pass through a laterally directed gas pass forming a gas outlet for the furnace chamber 1 in a manner well known in the art. Within this gas pass the invention contemplates that there may be disposed a convection superheater receiving the vapor generated in the wall tubes and separated, in the drum 10, from the liquid.

The vapor generating tubes, parts of which form the wall cooling elements of the cyclone furnace walls at their discharge ends, are indicated in Fig. 1 as having the slag tap floor sections d and 52. These sectionsare connected to headers 54 and so which, in turn, are connected by the tubular circulators 58 and 60 with the lower parts of the downcomers and 16.

The setting for the illustrative unit includes steelworl: having the upright columns 64%! at the four corners of the rectangular boiler setting, as indicated in Fig. 2. These columns are rigidly connected in a rectangular formation at their lower parts by such girders as those indicated at 70 and 72, and a similar arrangement of girders at the top of the steelwork includes one or more beams or girders such as the girder 74, clearly indicated in Fig. l as having its end portions overhanging the columns 64 and 65. Connected to the overhanging end portions of the girder 74 are hangers 7d and 78, connected at their lower ends to the tops of the large diameter downcomers 15 and 16 as indicated at St and 82. The downcomers are thus pendently supported in position alongside the columns 64 and 65, with the columns arranged between the downcomers. As indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the side of the unit opposite the side indicated in Fig. 1 involves a similar arrangement of similar downcomers 15A and MA, supported and arranged with reference to the columns 66 and .67 in a manner similar to that indicated in Fig. 1 for the downcomers 15 and 16, and the associated columns 6 and 65.

Secured to the lower portions of the downcomers are members 84-37 (Fig. 3) forming seats or pedestals for the girders 90 and 92. These members may be described as brackets fixed to the downcorner's. Fig. 2 of the drawings indicates that the ends of the girders 90 and 92 have U-shaped members $4-97 fixed thereto and resting upon the seats afforded by the brackets 84-87.

Resting upon and disposed transversely of the girders and 92 are the main girders and 102. The main girders are disposed in parallelism as indicated in Fig. 2 and preferably have secured thereto load-supporting elements, such as those indicated at 104406 in Fig. 3 for carrying the load of the respective cyclone furnaces 20 and 19. In this connection it will be noted that the loadcarrying downcomers 15, 16, 15A and 16A are disposed in upright zones adjacent the centers of gravity of the cyclone furnaces.

Intermediate the cyclone furnaces 19 and 20, the main girders 100 and 102 may be associated with a load-supporting sub-frame, including such elements as those indicated at 113 for taking the load of the furnace chamher 1 and the associated primary furnace chambers 32 and 34. Such a sub-frame may also include the supplementary girders 116 and 118, as indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

The fuel inlets of the cyclones 19 and 20 may be centrally or axially disposed in positions such as those indicated at and 132, while the secondary air for combustion enters the combustion chambers of the cyclone furnaces through circumferentially disposed inlets, such as those indicated at 134 and 136 in Fig. 3.

With reference to the disclosure in the left hand part of Fig. 3 of the drawings, it is to be noted that this portion of the figure is an elevation. It therefore includes boiler casing components such as the casing panels 140- 145, preferably associated with each other and with other components of the casing, in gas-tight relationship.

Whereas the inventionv has been described with reference to the details of particular structures indicated in the drawings, it is to be realized that the invention is not to be considered as limited to all of the details therein described. It is rather to be taken as of a scope commensurate with the scope of the sub-joined claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a vapor generating and superheating unit, means including vapor generating tubes presenting a vertically extended furnace chamber subject to the flow of high temperature gases the heat from which causes the vaporizing of liquid in the vapor generating tubes, similar means including vapor generating tubes defining a cyclone fuel burning furnace delivering high temperature combustion products to the lower part of the vertically extended furnace chamber, and means for supporting the cyclone furnace in position at one side of the vertically extended furnace chamber; the last named means including steelwork, a vapor and liquid drum horizontally disposed at the upper portion of thesteelwork, large diameter upright downcomers pendently supported by the steelwork, tubular connections between the upper ends of the downcomers and the liquid space of the drum, tubular connections between the lower ends of the downcomers and the inlets of the vapor generating tubes of the cyclone furnace, a horizontally disposed load-carrying girder supported at its end portions by the lower parts of the downcomers and arranged in a vertical plane adjacent the center of gravity of the cyclone furnace, and mean whereby the girder receives the load of the cyclone furnace.

2. In a vapor generating and superheating unit, a vertically extended furnace chamber the walls of which include vapor generating tubes, a cyclone furnace disposed laterally of the lower portion of the furnace chamber and delivering combustion products thereinto, vapor generating tubes disposed in the walls of the cyclone furnace, supporting steelwork including upright columns and horizontal connecting beams, a vapor and liquid drum supported at the upper part of the steelwork, connections between the upper ends of the vapor generating tubes and the vapor space of the drum, two large diameter tubular downcomers disposed on opposite sides of the cyclone and pendently supported from the upper part of the steelwork, tubular connections between the lower parts of the downcomers and the inlets of the vapor generating tubes, and means including a transverse beam supported by the downcomers at its opposite ends and receiving the load of the cyclone furnace, the downcomers being arranged alongside the columns.

3. In a vapor generating and superheating unit, means including vapor generating tubes presenting a vertically extended furnace chamber subject to the flow of high temperature gases, the heat from which causes the vapor-. izing of liquid in the vapor generating tubes, similar means including vapor generating tubes defining a cyclone fuel burning furnace delivering high temperature combustion products to the lower part of the vertically extended furnace chamber, and means for supporting the cyclone furnace in position at one side of the vertically extended furnace chamber; the last named means including rectangular steelworkhaving upright columns and connecting beams, a vapor and liquid drum horizontally disposed at the upper portion of the steelwork, four large diameter upright downcomers pendently supported by the upper part of the steelwork at positions close to the columns, tubular connections between the upper ends of the downcomers and the liquid space of the drum, tubular connections between the lower ends of the downcomers and the inlets of the vapor generating tubes, two of said beams being supported at their end portions by the lower parts of the downcomers and arranged in spaced parallel planes with one of said beams adjacent the center of gravity of the cyclone furnace, and means whereby intermediate portions of the last mentioned beam receives the load of the cyclone furnace.

4-. In a vapor generating unit, a vertically extended furnace chamber the walls of which include vapor generating tubes, a cyclone furnace disposed at the lower portion of the furnace chamber and delivering combustion products thereinto, vapor generating tubes disposed in the walls of the cyclone furnace, supporting steelwork including four upright columns and horizontal connecting beams, a vapor and liquid drum supported at the upper part of the steelwork, connections between the upper ends of the vapor generating tubes and the liquid space of the drum, four large diameter upright tubular down comers disposed alongside the columns, two of said beams being disposed in parallelism at the top of the steelwork with their ends overhanging the columns, means pendently supporting the downcomers from said overhanging ends, tubular connections to the lower parts of the downcomers and the inlets of the vapor generating tubes, and means including a transverse lower beam having load supported relation to the downcomers at the opposite ends of said last mentioned beam and receiving the load of the cyclone furnace, the downcomers acting as pendent supports for the cyclone furnace.

5. In a vapor generating and superheating unit, a rectangular steelwork setting including four upright columns at the corners of the setting, the steelwork including horizontal girders connecting the upper and lower parts of the columns, two of the upper girders overhanging the columns and arranged in parallelism, a large diameter tubular downconicr alongside each corner column, means pendently supporting the downcomers from the overhanging ends of the upper girders, wall means including vapor generating tubes defining an upright furnace chamber within the setting, means including vapor generating tubes defining a cyclone fuel burning furnace disposed at the lower part of the setting and delivering high temperature gasesto the lower part of the furnace chamber, a vapor and liquid drum at the top of the setting having its liquid space in communication with the upper parts of the downcomers, the drum also having connections with the vapor generating tubes, means connecting the lower parts of the downcomers with the inlets of the vapor generating tubes, and a load- 6 supporting beam secured to the lower parts of the downcomers and receiving the load of the cyclone furnace.

6. In a vapor generating unit, a rectangular steelwork setting including four upright columns at the corners of the setting, the steelwork also including horizontal girders connecting the upper and lower parts of the columns, two of the upper girders having their ends overhanging the columns and arranged in parallelism, a tubular downcomer alongside each corner column, means pendently supporting the downcomers from the overhanging ends of the upper girders, wall means including vapor generating tubes defining a furnace chamber within the setting, means including vapor generating tubes defining a cyclone fuel burning furnace disposed at the lower part of the setting and delivering high temperature gases to the lower part of the furnace chamber, a vapor and liquid drum at the top of the setting having its liquid space in communication with the upper parts of the downcomers, the drum also having connections with the vapor generating tubes, means connecting the lower parts of the downcomers with the inlets of the vapor generating tubes, and load-supporting girders secured to the lower parts of the downcomers and supporting the cyclone furnace and at least a part of the wall means of the furnace chamber.

7. In a vapor generating unit, a rectangular steelwork setting including four upright columns, the steelwork including horizontal girders connecting the upper and lower parts of the columns and supported thereby, two of the upper girders having their opposite ends overhanging the columns and arranged in parallelism, a tubular downcomer alongside each corner column, means pendently supporting the downcomers from the overhanging ends of the upper beams, wall means including vapor generating tubes defining an upright secondary furnace chamber and a primary furnace chamber Within the setting, means including vapor generating tubes defining a cyclone fuel burning furnace disposed at the lower part of the setting and delivering high temperature gases to the primary furnace chamber, a vapor and liquid drum at the top of the setting having its liquid space in communication with the upper parts of the downcomers, the drum also having connections with the vapor generating tubes, means connecting the lower parts of the downcomers with the inlets of the vapor generating tubes, and a load-supporting girder secured to the lower parts of the downcomers and receiving the load of the cyclone furnace.

8. In a vapor generating unit, a rectangular steelwork setting including four upright columns at the corners of the setting, the steelwork including horizontal girders connccting the upper parts of the columns, two of the upper girders having their opposite ends overhanging the col umns and arranged in parallelism, an upright large diameter tubular downcomer alongside each corner column, means pendently supporting the downcomers from the overhanging ends of the girders, wall means including vapor generating tubes defining an upright furnace chamber within the setting, means including vapor generating tubes defining a cyclone fuel burning furnace disposed at the lower part of the setting and delivering high temperature gases to the lower part of the furnace chamber, a vapor and liquid drum at the upper part of the setting having its liquid space in communication with the upper parts of the downcomers, the drum also having connections with the vapor generating tubes, means connecting the lower parts of the downcomers with the inlets of the vapor generating tubes, and a load-supporting girder secured to the lower parts of the downcomers and receiving the load of the cyclone furnace.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,747,553 Sifrin May 29, 1956

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