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US2833736A - Aqueous graphite-polyvinyl alcohol ink composition - Google Patents

Aqueous graphite-polyvinyl alcohol ink composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US2833736A
US2833736A US369231A US36923153A US2833736A US 2833736 A US2833736 A US 2833736A US 369231 A US369231 A US 369231A US 36923153 A US36923153 A US 36923153A US 2833736 A US2833736 A US 2833736A
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United States
Prior art keywords
polyvinyl alcohol
ink
ink composition
graphite
aqueous graphite
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US369231A
Inventor
Harry W Glaser
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Western Union Telegraph Co
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Western Union Telegraph Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Western Union Telegraph Co filed Critical Western Union Telegraph Co
Priority to US369231A priority Critical patent/US2833736A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2833736A publication Critical patent/US2833736A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/16—Writing inks

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ink and more particularly to a new composition of ink that has characteristics especially uesful for certain drafting purposes.
  • pencil work is subject to certain disadvantages. Prints and other reproductions of pencil tracings are poor in that the lines are light. Also, a pencil compass produces a light line which must be gone over a number of times to obtain a line' of suflicient weight. This process tends to emboss the paper so that if the line must be erased, an impression nevertheless remains.
  • a further disadvantage of pencil work is the susceptibility to smudging.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an ink that will not smudge and is also readily erasable.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide an ink that will produce lines from which clear and well defined prints can be made.
  • the ink of the present invention contemplates an aqueous solution ineluding graphite particles of a size of 2 to -5 microns. It is found that when this graphite ink is applied to a writing surface, the graphite particles, due to their flake structure and size, are prevented from penetrating the surface. Since the particles lay on the surface, the lines or other marks may be easily erased. This characteristic is in contradistinction to carbon black which is normally found in drafting inks. The carbon particles being of a much smaller size and not possessing a flake structure tend to flow into the interstices of the paper fibers to a depth that makes erasing extremely difiicult in most cases.
  • a preferred binder is polyvinyl alcohol commercially available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. under the trade name Elvanol, and a particularly suitable grade is their Elvanol 50-42. It is found that a dilute water solution wherein the surface tension is within the range of 40 to 65 dynes per cm. provides an ink with a wetting quality permitting proper flow while preventing undue spreading.
  • binders may be used in the alternative.
  • methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, casein, glue, :gum arabic, starch, or shellac solubilized by an alkali such as borax or ammonia are equally well suited as binding materials.
  • the concentration should be very dilute, as in the preferred example, as to come within the range of surface tension hereinabove set forth. If the surface tension happens to fall outside of the desired range it may be adjusted by addition of suitable surface active materials in minute amounts in manner well known in the art.
  • the weak concentration of binder solution in combination with the graphite particles gives the ink the erasable characteristics of pencil.
  • ink of the present invention has been described as particularly adapted for certain drafting purposes, it is readily seen that it is well suited for any purposes where an easily erasable non-smudging ink is desirable.
  • a drawing ink comprising graphite particles within the size range of 2 to 5 microns and as a binder therefor a solution of polyvinyl alcohol in water, said ink having the following proportions: 8 to 12 grams graphite, .2 to .3 gram polyvinyl alcohol and 160 to 240 grams water.
  • a drawing ink having the erasable characteristics of pencil comprising graphite particles of a size of 2 to 5 microns and as a binder therefor a polyvinyl alcohol water solution having a surface tension within the range of 40 to dynes per cm., said ink having substantially the following proportions: 10 grams graphite, .25 gram polyvinyl alcohol and 200 grams of water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)

Description

United States Patent AQUEOUS GRAPHITE-POLYVINYL ALCOHOL INK COMPOSITION Harry W. Glaser, Middle Village, N. Y., assignor to The Western Union Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application July 20, 1953 Serial No. 369,231
2 Claims. 01. 260-296) This invention relates to ink and more particularly to a new composition of ink that has characteristics especially uesful for certain drafting purposes.
in making paper tracings and other short term records, it is customary to use pencil because pencil lines are erasable and conveniently and quickly made. However, pencil work is subject to certain disadvantages. Prints and other reproductions of pencil tracings are poor in that the lines are light. Also, a pencil compass produces a light line which must be gone over a number of times to obtain a line' of suflicient weight. This process tends to emboss the paper so that if the line must be erased, an impression nevertheless remains. A further disadvantage of pencil work is the susceptibility to smudging. These problems may of course be overcome by employing India ink, but this presents the disadvantage of not being readily erasable.
It is therefore a principal object of this invention to provide an improved drafting ink.
Another object of the invention is to provide an ink that will not smudge and is also readily erasable.
A further object of this invention is to provide an ink that will produce lines from which clear and well defined prints can be made.
These and other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description.
In accordance with the above objects, the ink of the present invention contemplates an aqueous solution ineluding graphite particles of a size of 2 to -5 microns. It is found that when this graphite ink is applied to a writing surface, the graphite particles, due to their flake structure and size, are prevented from penetrating the surface. Since the particles lay on the surface, the lines or other marks may be easily erased. This characteristic is in contradistinction to carbon black which is normally found in drafting inks. The carbon particles being of a much smaller size and not possessing a flake structure tend to flow into the interstices of the paper fibers to a depth that makes erasing extremely difiicult in most cases.
A preferred binder is polyvinyl alcohol commercially available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. under the trade name Elvanol, and a particularly suitable grade is their Elvanol 50-42. It is found that a dilute water solution wherein the surface tension is within the range of 40 to 65 dynes per cm. provides an ink with a wetting quality permitting proper flow while preventing undue spreading.
f0 CC The preferred formula for the ink of the present invention is as follows:
Experiments have shown that each of the above quantitles may be varied 20% plus or minus without losing any of the desirable characteristics previously set forth.
Through polyvinyl alcohol yields highly satisfactory results, other water soluble binders may be used in the alternative. For example, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, casein, glue, :gum arabic, starch, or shellac solubilized by an alkali such as borax or ammonia are equally well suited as binding materials. When employing one of the alternative binders, the concentration should be very dilute, as in the preferred example, as to come within the range of surface tension hereinabove set forth. If the surface tension happens to fall outside of the desired range it may be adjusted by addition of suitable surface active materials in minute amounts in manner well known in the art. The weak concentration of binder solution in combination with the graphite particles gives the ink the erasable characteristics of pencil.
While the ink of the present invention has been described as particularly adapted for certain drafting purposes, it is readily seen that it is well suited for any purposes where an easily erasable non-smudging ink is desirable.
What is claimed is:
1. A drawing ink comprising graphite particles within the size range of 2 to 5 microns and as a binder therefor a solution of polyvinyl alcohol in water, said ink having the following proportions: 8 to 12 grams graphite, .2 to .3 gram polyvinyl alcohol and 160 to 240 grams water.
2. A drawing ink having the erasable characteristics of pencil comprising graphite particles of a size of 2 to 5 microns and as a binder therefor a polyvinyl alcohol water solution having a surface tension within the range of 40 to dynes per cm., said ink having substantially the following proportions: 10 grams graphite, .25 gram polyvinyl alcohol and 200 grams of water.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,364,406 Olsen Jan. 4,- 1921 2,357,927 Berg Sept. 12, 1944 2,542,304 Boucher et a1. Feb. 20, 1951 2,556,902 Chambers et al. June 12, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS 262 Great Britain of 1873 OTHER REFERENCES Healey, Paint Manufacture. March 1943, 3, pages 48-52.

Claims (1)

1. A DRAWING INK COMPRISING GRAPHITE PARTICLES WITHIN THE SIZE RANGE OF 2 TO 5 MICRONS AS A BINDER THERETO A SOLUTION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL IN WATER, SAID INK HAVING THE FOLLOWING PROPORTIONS: 8 TO 12 GRAMS GRAPHITE, .2 TO .3 GRAM POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND 160 TO 240 GRAMS WATER.
US369231A 1953-07-20 1953-07-20 Aqueous graphite-polyvinyl alcohol ink composition Expired - Lifetime US2833736A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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US369231A US2833736A (en) 1953-07-20 1953-07-20 Aqueous graphite-polyvinyl alcohol ink composition

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US2833736A true US2833736A (en) 1958-05-06

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Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3111497A (en) * 1960-08-12 1963-11-19 Kenner Products Company Aqueous polyvinyl alcohol coating composition containing aluminum glitter pigment
US4329264A (en) * 1980-04-03 1982-05-11 Scripto, Inc. Ballpoint writing instrument containing an initially erasable ink
US4329262A (en) * 1981-03-25 1982-05-11 Scripto, Inc. Initially erasable ink composition for a ball point writing instrument
US5476580A (en) * 1993-05-17 1995-12-19 Electrochemicals Inc. Processes for preparing a non-conductive substrate for electroplating
US5554739A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-09-10 Cabot Corporation Process for preparing carbon materials with diazonium salts and resultant carbon products
US5559169A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-09-24 Cabot Corporation EPDM, HNBR and Butyl rubber compositions containing carbon black products
US5571311A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-11-05 Cabot Corporation Ink jet ink formulations containing carbon black products
US5575845A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-11-19 Cabot Corporation Carbon black products for coloring mineral binders
US5630868A (en) * 1994-12-15 1997-05-20 Cabot Corporation Ink jet ink formulations containing modified carbon products
US5672198A (en) * 1994-12-15 1997-09-30 Cabot Corporation Aqueous inks and coatings containing modified carbon products
US5690805A (en) * 1993-05-17 1997-11-25 Electrochemicals Inc. Direct metallization process
US5698016A (en) * 1996-06-14 1997-12-16 Cabot Corporation Compositions of modified carbon products and amphiphilic ions and methods of using the same
US5707432A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-01-13 Cabot Corporation Modified carbon products and inks and coatings containing modified carbon products
US5713988A (en) * 1994-12-15 1998-02-03 Cabot Corporation Non-aqueous inks and coatings containing modified carbon products
US5725807A (en) * 1993-05-17 1998-03-10 Electrochemicals Inc. Carbon containing composition for electroplating
US5747562A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-05-05 Cabot Corporation Ink and coating compositions containing silicon-treated carbon black
US5807494A (en) * 1994-12-15 1998-09-15 Boes; Ralph Ulrich Gel compositions comprising silica and functionalized carbon products
US5851280A (en) * 1994-12-15 1998-12-22 Cabot Corporation Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses
US5863323A (en) * 1995-05-22 1999-01-26 Cabot Corporation Mineral binders colored with silicon-containing carbon black
US5916934A (en) * 1995-05-22 1999-06-29 Cabot Corporation Elastomeric compounds incorporating partially coated carbon blacks
US5919855A (en) * 1997-02-11 1999-07-06 Cabot Corporation Use of modified carbon black in gas-phase polymerizations
US5958999A (en) * 1996-04-05 1999-09-28 Cabot Corporation Ink compositions and method for generating images produced therefrom
US6028137A (en) * 1995-05-22 2000-02-22 Cabot Corporation Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks
US6171468B1 (en) 1993-05-17 2001-01-09 Electrochemicals Inc. Direct metallization process
US6303181B1 (en) 1993-05-17 2001-10-16 Electrochemicals Inc. Direct metallization process employing a cationic conditioner and a binder
WO2001081484A2 (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-11-01 Berol Corporation Shear-thinning writing compositions, writing instruments, and methods
US6323273B1 (en) 1995-05-22 2001-11-27 Cabot Corporation Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks
WO2002002700A2 (en) * 2000-07-03 2002-01-10 Berol Corporation Erasable inks, writing instruments, and methods
US20020056686A1 (en) * 1996-06-14 2002-05-16 Agathagelos Kyrlidis Chromatography and other adsorptions using modified carbon adsorbents
US6436178B1 (en) 1999-12-20 2002-08-20 Cabot Corporation Inkjet ink and other ink compositions containing cyclic amides
US6450632B1 (en) 2000-10-12 2002-09-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Underprinting fluid compositions to improve inkjet printer image color and stability
US6494943B1 (en) 1999-10-28 2002-12-17 Cabot Corporation Ink jet inks, inks, and other compositions containing colored pigments
US6500880B1 (en) 2000-10-26 2002-12-31 Hewlett-Packard Comapny Black to color bleed control using specific polymers in ink-jet printing inks containing pigmented inks requiring dispersants
US6506245B1 (en) 1999-10-28 2003-01-14 Cabot Corporation Ink jet inks, inks, and other compositions containing colored pigments
US6558459B2 (en) 2001-02-27 2003-05-06 Hewlett-Packard Development Company Derivatization of dyes/pigments with crown ethers and inkjet printing fluids containing the same
US6663704B2 (en) 2000-07-03 2003-12-16 Berol Corporation Pearlescent inks, writing instruments, and methods
EP1388576A1 (en) 2002-07-30 2004-02-11 Hewlett-Packard Company Fluid set for ink-jet printers
US6710259B2 (en) 1993-05-17 2004-03-23 Electrochemicals, Inc. Printed wiring boards and methods for making them
US6863713B1 (en) 1996-06-14 2005-03-08 Cabot Corporation Method to adsorb an adsorbate using modified carbonaceous material
EP1900766A1 (en) 1999-01-20 2008-03-19 Cabot Corporation Aggregates having attached polymer groups and polymer foams
US20080159947A1 (en) * 2006-11-07 2008-07-03 Yurovskaya Irina S Carbon Blacks Having Low PAH Amounts and Methods of Making Same
US7544238B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2009-06-09 Cabot Corporation Modified pigments having steric and amphiphilic groups
EP2316875A1 (en) 1999-01-20 2011-05-04 Cabot Corporation Aggregates having attached polymer groups and polymer foams
US9175150B2 (en) 2012-03-02 2015-11-03 Cabot Corporation Modified carbon blacks having low PAH amounts and elastomers containing the same
US9267048B2 (en) 2010-12-14 2016-02-23 Cabot Corporation Methods to control electrical resistivity in filler-polymer compositions and products related thereto
US9790393B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2017-10-17 Cabot Corporation Coatings having filler-polymer compositions with combined low dielectric constant, high resistivity, and optical density properties and controlled electrical resistivity, devices made therewith, and methods for making same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB187300262A (en) * 1873-01-23 1873-07-18
US1364406A (en) * 1920-04-24 1921-01-04 Chester Novelty Company Inc Ink-stick
US2357927A (en) * 1940-07-24 1944-09-12 Berg James Raymond Emulsion printing ink
US2542304A (en) * 1950-12-29 1951-02-20 Cormack E Boucher Radiographic sheet
US2556902A (en) * 1949-04-16 1951-06-12 Dick Co Ab Stencil duplicating inks

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB187300262A (en) * 1873-01-23 1873-07-18
US1364406A (en) * 1920-04-24 1921-01-04 Chester Novelty Company Inc Ink-stick
US2357927A (en) * 1940-07-24 1944-09-12 Berg James Raymond Emulsion printing ink
US2556902A (en) * 1949-04-16 1951-06-12 Dick Co Ab Stencil duplicating inks
US2542304A (en) * 1950-12-29 1951-02-20 Cormack E Boucher Radiographic sheet

Cited By (73)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3111497A (en) * 1960-08-12 1963-11-19 Kenner Products Company Aqueous polyvinyl alcohol coating composition containing aluminum glitter pigment
US4329264A (en) * 1980-04-03 1982-05-11 Scripto, Inc. Ballpoint writing instrument containing an initially erasable ink
US4329262A (en) * 1981-03-25 1982-05-11 Scripto, Inc. Initially erasable ink composition for a ball point writing instrument
US7186923B2 (en) 1993-05-17 2007-03-06 Electrochemicals, Inc. Printed wiring boards and methods for making them
US5476580A (en) * 1993-05-17 1995-12-19 Electrochemicals Inc. Processes for preparing a non-conductive substrate for electroplating
US6303181B1 (en) 1993-05-17 2001-10-16 Electrochemicals Inc. Direct metallization process employing a cationic conditioner and a binder
US6171468B1 (en) 1993-05-17 2001-01-09 Electrochemicals Inc. Direct metallization process
US6710259B2 (en) 1993-05-17 2004-03-23 Electrochemicals, Inc. Printed wiring boards and methods for making them
US20040084321A1 (en) * 1993-05-17 2004-05-06 Thorn Charles Edwin Printed wiring boards and methods for making them
US5725807A (en) * 1993-05-17 1998-03-10 Electrochemicals Inc. Carbon containing composition for electroplating
US5690805A (en) * 1993-05-17 1997-11-25 Electrochemicals Inc. Direct metallization process
US20050034629A1 (en) * 1994-12-15 2005-02-17 Belmont James A. Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses
US6107350A (en) * 1994-12-15 2000-08-22 Cabot Corporation Gel compositions
US5713988A (en) * 1994-12-15 1998-02-03 Cabot Corporation Non-aqueous inks and coatings containing modified carbon products
US5672198A (en) * 1994-12-15 1997-09-30 Cabot Corporation Aqueous inks and coatings containing modified carbon products
US5630868A (en) * 1994-12-15 1997-05-20 Cabot Corporation Ink jet ink formulations containing modified carbon products
US6494946B1 (en) 1994-12-15 2002-12-17 Cabot Corporation Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses
US6740151B2 (en) 1994-12-15 2004-05-25 Cabot Corporation Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses
US5807494A (en) * 1994-12-15 1998-09-15 Boes; Ralph Ulrich Gel compositions comprising silica and functionalized carbon products
US5851280A (en) * 1994-12-15 1998-12-22 Cabot Corporation Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses
US5554739A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-09-10 Cabot Corporation Process for preparing carbon materials with diazonium salts and resultant carbon products
US5900029A (en) * 1994-12-15 1999-05-04 Cabot Corporation Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses
US5559169A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-09-24 Cabot Corporation EPDM, HNBR and Butyl rubber compositions containing carbon black products
US5575845A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-11-19 Cabot Corporation Carbon black products for coloring mineral binders
US5571311A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-11-05 Cabot Corporation Ink jet ink formulations containing carbon black products
US7294185B2 (en) 1994-12-15 2007-11-13 Cabot Corporation Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses
US6042643A (en) * 1994-12-15 2000-03-28 Cabot Corporation Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses
US6028137A (en) * 1995-05-22 2000-02-22 Cabot Corporation Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks
US5916934A (en) * 1995-05-22 1999-06-29 Cabot Corporation Elastomeric compounds incorporating partially coated carbon blacks
US5863323A (en) * 1995-05-22 1999-01-26 Cabot Corporation Mineral binders colored with silicon-containing carbon black
US20030040553A1 (en) * 1995-05-22 2003-02-27 Khaled Mahmud Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks
US6323273B1 (en) 1995-05-22 2001-11-27 Cabot Corporation Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks
US6448309B2 (en) 1995-05-22 2002-09-10 Cabot Corporation Elastomeric compounds incorporating silicon-treated carbon blacks
US5958999A (en) * 1996-04-05 1999-09-28 Cabot Corporation Ink compositions and method for generating images produced therefrom
US6863713B1 (en) 1996-06-14 2005-03-08 Cabot Corporation Method to adsorb an adsorbate using modified carbonaceous material
US20020056686A1 (en) * 1996-06-14 2002-05-16 Agathagelos Kyrlidis Chromatography and other adsorptions using modified carbon adsorbents
US5803959A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-09-08 Cabot Corporation Modified carbon products and ink jet inks, inks and coatings containing modified carbon products
US6169129B1 (en) 1996-06-14 2001-01-02 Cabot Corporation Ink and coating compositions containing silicon-treated carbon black
US5749950A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-05-12 Cabot Corporation Ink and coating compositions containing silicon-treated carbon black
US5747562A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-05-05 Cabot Corporation Ink and coating compositions containing silicon-treated carbon black
US20050119121A1 (en) * 1996-06-14 2005-06-02 Ranjan Ghosal Modified carbon adsorbents and processes for adsorption using the same
US5707432A (en) * 1996-06-14 1998-01-13 Cabot Corporation Modified carbon products and inks and coatings containing modified carbon products
US5698016A (en) * 1996-06-14 1997-12-16 Cabot Corporation Compositions of modified carbon products and amphiphilic ions and methods of using the same
US5919855A (en) * 1997-02-11 1999-07-06 Cabot Corporation Use of modified carbon black in gas-phase polymerizations
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US7544238B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2009-06-09 Cabot Corporation Modified pigments having steric and amphiphilic groups
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US6494943B1 (en) 1999-10-28 2002-12-17 Cabot Corporation Ink jet inks, inks, and other compositions containing colored pigments
US6436178B1 (en) 1999-12-20 2002-08-20 Cabot Corporation Inkjet ink and other ink compositions containing cyclic amides
WO2001081484A2 (en) * 2000-04-20 2001-11-01 Berol Corporation Shear-thinning writing compositions, writing instruments, and methods
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US6663704B2 (en) 2000-07-03 2003-12-16 Berol Corporation Pearlescent inks, writing instruments, and methods
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US6450632B1 (en) 2000-10-12 2002-09-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Underprinting fluid compositions to improve inkjet printer image color and stability
US6500880B1 (en) 2000-10-26 2002-12-31 Hewlett-Packard Comapny Black to color bleed control using specific polymers in ink-jet printing inks containing pigmented inks requiring dispersants
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