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US2829312A - Arrangement for controlling a gas- or vapour-filled discharge tube - Google Patents

Arrangement for controlling a gas- or vapour-filled discharge tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2829312A
US2829312A US479580A US47958055A US2829312A US 2829312 A US2829312 A US 2829312A US 479580 A US479580 A US 479580A US 47958055 A US47958055 A US 47958055A US 2829312 A US2829312 A US 2829312A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
tube
anode
control
grid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US479580A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jacob Buys
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2829312A publication Critical patent/US2829312A/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B11/00—Automatic controllers
    • G05B11/01—Automatic controllers electric
    • G05B11/012—Automatic controllers electric details of the transmission means
    • G05B11/013—Automatic controllers electric details of the transmission means using discharge tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/02—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of grid-control or igniter-control voltages for discharge tubes incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/04—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of grid-control or igniter-control voltages for discharge tubes incorporated in static converters for tubes with grid control
    • H02M1/042—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of grid-control or igniter-control voltages for discharge tubes incorporated in static converters for tubes with grid control wherein the phase of the control voltage is adjustable with reference to the AC voltage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to arrangements for controlling gas or vapor-filled discharge tubes. More particularly, the invention relates to an arrangement for controlling a gas or vapor-lled discharge tube which is supplied with alternating current and preferably has a positive ignition characteristic, with the aid of a controllable high-vacuum tube.
  • a direct voltage is provided in series with an alternating voltage in the control circuit of the high vacuum tube. The direct voltage is controllable preferably from a positive to a negative value.
  • a resistor is connected in the anode circuit of the high Vacuum tube, which resistor is connected in series with a control alternating voltage in the control circuit of the discharge tube.
  • Such an arrangement provides a very satisfactory control of the discharge tube permitting the output current strength to be controlled within a wide range.
  • a discharge tube which has a positive ignition characteristic so that a positive ignition voltage pulse must be used, it is particularly desirable for the grid voltage to become negative after the anode voltage has been made negative in order to prevent the tiow of anion current to the negative anode, which might produce back-ignition.
  • the resultant control voltage at the control electrode of the discharge tube is approximately shaped in the form of a peaked'voltage despite the fact that the resultant voltage is obtained from sinusoidal voltages.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the circuit arrangement of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a graphical presentation of the anode current and grid voltage curves of the tube 1 of the circuit arrangement of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a graphical presentation of the grid controlvoltage curves of the tube v8 of the circuit arrangement of Fig. 1;
  • Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are graphical presentations of the grid control voltage curves of Fig. 3 combined with the lalternating voltage curve of the source 7 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7 is a graphical presentation of the ignition cycle of the tube 8 under selected conditions
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a modication of the embodiment of Fig. 1;
  • Fig 9 is a graphical presentation of the iguitionzcycle States Patent@ 2,829,312 Patented Apr. l, 1958 FVice of the tube 8 under a modification of the conditions of Fig. 7.
  • the control circuit of a high-vacuum tube 1 includes a direct voltage source 2 in series with an alternating voltage source 3 and a variable direct voltage source 4.
  • the direct voltage source 2 provides a positive grid voltage and the direct voltage source 4, for example from a quick-switch protection, provides an oppositely connected variable direct voltage.
  • the resultant voltage of the two direct voltage sources 2 and 4 supplies a grid direct voltage which varies between a positive value (if the voltage of the source 3 is zero) and a negative value (if the source 4 has a higher negative value than the value of the voltage from the source 2).
  • the resultant control voltage produced in the grid circuit of the high-vacuum tube 1 is a sinusoidal alternating voltage superposed on a direct voltage varying between a positive and a negative polarity.
  • the anode circuit of the high-vacuum tube 1 includes a resistor S in series with an anode voltage source 6. T he resistor S is connected in series with an alternating voltage source 7 in the control circuit of a gas or vapor-filled discharge tube 8.
  • the anode circuit of the discharge tube 8 includes a load 9 and an alternating voltage supply source 10.
  • the arrangement operates as follows. from the device 4 is zero.
  • the grid voltage of the high vacuum tube is positive to' such an extent that despite the alternating voltage from the transformer' 3 superposed on it the tube 1 remains within the saturation range with respect to the anode current.
  • the saturation current I, ( Figure 2) passing through the resistor" 5 in said case produces a voltage drop across this resistor such that the discharge tube 8 is invariably kept cutoft ⁇ (the transformer 7 being still neglected).
  • vice 4 supplies a small direct voltage
  • the positive grid voltage of the tube 1 decreases, for example, to a value shown in Fig. 2by grid voltage magnitude 11.
  • the anode-current versus grid-voltage characteristic of the tube 1 is designated 12.
  • the device 4 If (by manual adjustment or automatically) the device 4 supplies a negative voltage exceeding the positive voltage from the source 2, in the grid circuit of the tube l.,
  • the desired grid voltage curve of the discharge tube 3 is obtainable by combining the abovementioned control voltage curves with the alternating voltage from the transformer7 (Fig. l) which has been neglected thus far, as is shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6.
  • the alternating voltage from the source 7, which .is Slightly out of phase, is designated 22 and is combined with the control voltage curves rr--b-c-d, e-f-g-h and j-j of Fig. 3.
  • phase angles depends ou the position of the ignition characteristic of the discharge tube 8, the amplitudes of the alternating voltages 13 and 22, the controlling direct voltages from the sources 2 and 4 ( Figure l), an additional positive or negative direct ⁇ r voltage which may be set up in the grid circuit of the tube 8 and the desired ignition range of the discharge tube 8.
  • the positive left-hand edge of the curve 28 is displaced more to the left until the control voltage 22 is reached so that an even earlier ignition in the anode voltage wave 16 is obtained.
  • the positive right-hand edge of the curve ⁇ 28 invariably remains in the same place similarly to the curve 24 in Fig-- ure 5. From Figures 5 and 6 it may be seen that the control voltage curves 24 and 28 ⁇ invariably have a negative value at the'instant at which the positive anode voltage 16 changes'to a negative voltage when passing through zero at 31, so that back ignition is not likely.
  • phase ⁇ of the control alternating voltage 22 with .respect to the anode voltage 16 the following may be taken into account:
  • the grid of the discharge tube 8 In the entirely conductive condition of the discharge tube 8, in which the tube 1 has a negative voltage at its grid such that the anode current is zero for the entire duration of the cycle of the voltage 13, the grid of the discharge tube 8 only has the control alternating voltage 22 applied to it. -lf the discharge tube 8 is used in a threephase arrangement or a three-phase Greetz arrangement, current flows through this tube during approximately electrical degrees.
  • the ionization period of the gas in the tube delays this ignition process when the reverse voltage is decreasing.
  • the likelihood of back-ignition is very slight, since the anode-cathode space will only be enabled to ionize after the grid-cathode space is ignited, and at this point thc reverse voltage is small.
  • the period of time during the tube 8 is ignited may, "if required, be reduced even further by causing the tube 8 itself to produce a negative voltage 35 ( Figure 9) in its grid circuit due to the grid current and a suitable RC element of the kind shown in Figure 8 by 36 and 37.
  • a 3'0" phase displacement between the voltages 16 and ⁇ 22 may be produced in a simple manner by including a A-Y or a Y-A transformer between the low voltage and the high voltage.
  • control alternating voltage 22 may be in phase with the anode voltage 16 since at full load the tube ⁇ 8 must be ignited during the entire positive cycle of the anode voltage 16.
  • a positive or a negative direct voltage may be connected in series with the voltage 22 depending upon the positive or the negative ignition characteristic and the commutation time.
  • a circuit arrangement for controlling a gas discharge tube having an anode, a cathode and a control grid, said tube having ⁇ a positive ignition characteristic comprising means for applying an alternating voltage to the anode of said gas tube, an electron discharge tube of high vacuum type having an anode and a control grid, a first source of alternating voltage,means for supplying a direct voltage of variable polarity connected 1in series combination with :said first ⁇ source ⁇ of alternating voltage, said series combination -be- ⁇ ing connected to the control grid of said vacuum tube, coupling-means connecting the anode of said vacuum tube to the control grid of said gas tube, a resistor connected to said coupling means, and a second source of alternating voltage connected in series with said resistor whereby a resultant control voltage determined by the anode voltage of said vacuum tube and the second alternating voltage is applied to the control grid of said gas tube, said resultant control voltage having a phase displacement with respect to the alternating voltage applied to the anode of said gas
  • a circuit arrangement as claimed in claim l further comprising a source of direct Voltage coupled to the control grid of said gas tube by said resistor.
  • a circuit arrangement for controlling a gas discharge tube having an anode, a cathode and a control grid, said tube having a positive ignition characteristic comprising meansy for Vapplying an alternating voltage to the anode of said gas tube, an electron discharge tube of high vacuum type having an anode and a control grid, a first source of alternating voltage, means for supplying a direct voltage of variable polarity connected in series combination with said rst source of alternating voltage, said series combination being connected to the control grid of said vacuum tube, phase shifting means coupled to the grid of said gas tube, means coupling the anode of said vacuum tube with said phase shifting means, a resistor connected to said coupling means, and a second source yof alternating voltage connected in series with said resistor whereby a resultant control voltage determined by the anode voltage of said vacuum tube and the second alternating voltage is applied to the control grid of saidgas tube, said resultant control voltage having a phase displacement with respect to the alternating voltage applied to the anode of said gas
  • a circuit arrangement for controlling a gas discharge tube having an anode, a cathode and a control grid, said tube having a positive ignition characteristic comprising means for applying an alternating voltage to the anode of said gas tube, an electron discharge tube of high vacuum type having an anode and a control grid, a lirst source of alternating voltage, means forsupplying a direct voltage of variable polarity connected in series combination with said tirst source of alternating voltage, said series combination being connected to the control grid of said vacuum tube, coupling means connecting the anode of said vacuum tube to the control grid of said gas tube, a resistor connected to said coupling means, and a second source of Igas tube changes from a positive polarity to a negative polarity, said direct voltage having a maximum magnitude of positive polarity which renders said vacuumtube conductive substantially in the saturation range of the grid voltage versus anode current characteristic of said vacuum tube and a maximum magnitude of negative polarity which renders said vacuum tube nonconductive.
  • a circuit arrangement for controlling a gas discharge tubehaving an anode, a cathode and a control grid, said tube having a positive ignition characteristic comprising means for applying an alternating voltage to the anode of said gas tube, an electron discharge tube of high vacuum type having an anode and a control grid, a rst source of alternating voltage, meansl for supplying a direct voltage of variable polarity connected in series combination with said rst source of alternating voltage, said series combination being connected to the control grid of said vacuum tube, coupling means connecting the anode of said vacuum tube to the control grid of said gas tube, a resistor connected to said coupling means, and a second source of alternating voltage connected in series with said resistor, the rst alternating voltage leading the second alternating voltage in phase by substantially 45 electrical degrecs and said second alternating voltage leading the alternating voltage applied to the anode of said gas tube in phase by substantially 30 electrical degrees whereby ya resultant control voltage determined by the anode voltage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
US479580A 1954-02-13 1955-01-03 Arrangement for controlling a gas- or vapour-filled discharge tube Expired - Lifetime US2829312A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL327901X 1954-02-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2829312A true US2829312A (en) 1958-04-01

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Family Applications (1)

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US479580A Expired - Lifetime US2829312A (en) 1954-02-13 1955-01-03 Arrangement for controlling a gas- or vapour-filled discharge tube

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US2829312A (tr)
BE (1) BE535680A (tr)
CH (1) CH327901A (tr)
DE (1) DE958141C (tr)
DK (1) DK85567C (tr)
FR (1) FR1122283A (tr)
GB (1) GB779024A (tr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL104257C (tr) * 1959-11-27

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1927676A (en) * 1932-03-09 1933-09-19 Gen Electric Electric timing and counting device
US1985069A (en) * 1932-05-24 1934-12-18 Gen Electric Electric timing circuit
US2306784A (en) * 1940-12-17 1942-12-29 Gen Electric Electric control circuit
US2503735A (en) * 1948-03-13 1950-04-11 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Protecting device for gas-or vaporfilled controlled discharge tubes
US2511981A (en) * 1947-09-26 1950-06-20 Rca Corp Electronic thermostat

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1927676A (en) * 1932-03-09 1933-09-19 Gen Electric Electric timing and counting device
US1985069A (en) * 1932-05-24 1934-12-18 Gen Electric Electric timing circuit
US2306784A (en) * 1940-12-17 1942-12-29 Gen Electric Electric control circuit
US2511981A (en) * 1947-09-26 1950-06-20 Rca Corp Electronic thermostat
US2503735A (en) * 1948-03-13 1950-04-11 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Protecting device for gas-or vaporfilled controlled discharge tubes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1122283A (fr) 1956-09-04
GB779024A (en) 1957-07-17
DE958141C (de) 1957-02-14
CH327901A (de) 1958-02-15
BE535680A (tr)
DK85567C (da) 1958-05-19

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