US2808327A - Method of deoxidizing steel with aluminum base alloy - Google Patents
Method of deoxidizing steel with aluminum base alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2808327A US2808327A US348803A US34880353A US2808327A US 2808327 A US2808327 A US 2808327A US 348803 A US348803 A US 348803A US 34880353 A US34880353 A US 34880353A US 2808327 A US2808327 A US 2808327A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- aluminum
- alloy
- deoxidizing
- low
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 35
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001327 Rimmed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001336 Semi-killed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
Definitions
- This invention relates to steel making and, in particular, to the deoxidation practice in the making of killed, low-carbon steel intended specially for deep-drawing operations.
- the invention may, however, be applied also in making semi-killed or rimmed steel.
- Killed low-carbon steel is particularly adapted by its physical properties for making sheet stock used in deepdrawing operations. Sheets rolled from low-carbon steel killed in the conventional manner, however, are subject to a high percentage of rejections caused by the presence of defects designated slivers. These slivers are generally associated with patches of the aluminum added to the steel for the purpose of deoxidation, which remain segregated instead of dissolving in the steel and becoming uniformly distributed therein. Spectrographic analysis shows definitely that the aluminum content of the slivers is substantially higher than that of the surrounding metal. The slivers usually show up during rolling or final inspection but sometimes not until deep-drawing of the sheets in the customers plant. In the latter case, the rejections entailed thereby represent a substantial loss, not only because of the cost of the material which must be scrapped, but also the added cost of shipping and handling and the labor and machine time consumed unproductively.
- my invention contemplates the addition to molten steel of a deoxidizing agent composed largely of aluminum, which reacts therewith somewhat explosively and thus causes a more uniform distribution and solution of the aluminum.
- a deoxidizing agent composed largely of aluminum, which reacts therewith somewhat explosively and thus causes a more uniform distribution and solution of the aluminum.
- This alloy is added to the molten steel while in the ladle or after it has been teemed into the ingot molds or the addition may be divided between the ladle and molds. Alternatively, it may be added to the stream in the spout from the furnace to the ladle as the tapping proceeds.
- the percentages of zinc and magnesium in the alloy addition may vary between certain limits.
- the zinc may be from 3 to 5%, and the magnesium from 1.75 to 3%. Greater amounts make the reaction too violent while smaller amounts do not cause the desired distribution of the aluminum.
- the balance of the alloy is aluminum plus the impurities normally present in a commercial grade thereof. That is to say, the aluminum need not be of 2,808,327 Patented Oct. 1, 1957 high purity. (other than aluminum, zinc and magnesium) may be in the neighborhood of 10%.
- the aluminum content is from to 92% or more.
- the impurities in aluminum of this quality include iron, silicon and copper in amounts as high as 3% of each, as well as smaller amounts of manganese, lead, tin and molybdenum.
- Sili-' con is usually the largest impurity in low-grade aluminum.
- the silicon acts as adeoxidizer the same as the aluminum, and the presence of a substantial percentage thereof is unobjectionable.
- the low-grade aluminum which I prefer to employ in preparing my novel addition alloy may contain as much as 3.5% silicon.
- the addition alloy described above may easily be made by adding to a commercial grade of aluminum such as grade 4, sufiicient zinc and magnesium to provide the percentages thereof stated above, and fusing the metals together in accordance with known practice in making aluminum alloys.
- a preferred composition is given below (percentages by weight) It is to be understood, of course, that, so long as 4% zinc and 2% magnesium are present, the remainder may be aluminum exclusively (i. e., up to 94%), but it is not necessary for the purpose of the invention to use pure aluminum in making the alloy addition and the use of low-grade aluminum is desirable because of its lower cost.
- the addition agent is used in the same manner as aluminum is used at present for deoxidizing low-carbon steel.
- the steel is tapped from an open-hearth furnace, for example, at the desired carbon content, and the alloy of aluminum, zinc and magnesium is added to the steel in the ladle in the amount of from three to six pounds of alloy per ton of steel, preferably in the form of shot.
- a vigorous reaction approaching the character of a minor explosion ensues almost immediately.
- the explosive character of the reaction aids the distribution of the aluminum throughout the molten steel, increasing its deoxidizing efiiciency and materially reducing the occurrence of slivers in the sheets rolled from the steel.
- the solution of the aluminum in the steel and its reaction therewith are more thorough than when low-grade aluminum of the usual composition is used, so that there is less chance for small masses of aluminum to remain segregated and cause slivers in the rolled sheets.
- A'method of making low-carbon steel comprising preparing a heat of such steel, and after tapping the heat, deoxidizing the steel while it is molten with a deoxidizing agent consisting essentially of from '3 to 5% zincg frioin 1,75 to 3% 'n' agnesiurn "and the balance substantially aluminum v
- a method of making low-carbon steel comprising greoaring a heat of steel, and after tapping the heat;
- deoxidizing the steel while it is molten with a deoxidizing alloy consisting essentially of about 4% zinc, about 2% magnesium, and the balance substantially aluminum.
- a method as defined by claim 1 characterized by adding said agent in the amount of from three to six pounds per ton of steel.
- a method as defined by claim 2 characterized by adding said alloy in the amount of from three to six pounds per ton of steel.
- the method of deoxidizing steel comprising the steps of heating the steel to a molten state and thenhdding to the molten steel a deoxidi'zing all-0y comprising at least aluminum, about 3. to 5% gains, and about 1.75 to 3% magnesium.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Description
METHOD OF DEOXIDIZING STEEL WITH ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY Earl W. Pierce, Chicago, 11]., assignor, by mesne assignments, to U. S. Reduction (30., East Chicago, Ind, a corporation of Illinois No Drawing. Application April 14, 1953, Serial No. 348,803
Claims. (Cl. 75-58) This invention relates to steel making and, in particular, to the deoxidation practice in the making of killed, low-carbon steel intended specially for deep-drawing operations. The invention may, however, be applied also in making semi-killed or rimmed steel.
Conventional practice in making killed, low-carbon steel (under 0.15% carbon) involves the addition to the molten steel in the ladle of from three to six pounds of aluminum per ton of steel. For this purpose, it is customary to use low-grade aluminum such as that designated grade 4 in currently published reports of the market prices of non-ferrous metals, e. g., those found in the magazine Iron Age. Grade 4 contains a minimum of 85% aluminum, the balance being made up of small percentages of several other metals present as impurities.
Killed low-carbon steel is particularly adapted by its physical properties for making sheet stock used in deepdrawing operations. Sheets rolled from low-carbon steel killed in the conventional manner, however, are subject to a high percentage of rejections caused by the presence of defects designated slivers. These slivers are generally associated with patches of the aluminum added to the steel for the purpose of deoxidation, which remain segregated instead of dissolving in the steel and becoming uniformly distributed therein. Spectrographic analysis shows definitely that the aluminum content of the slivers is substantially higher than that of the surrounding metal. The slivers usually show up during rolling or final inspection but sometimes not until deep-drawing of the sheets in the customers plant. In the latter case, the rejections entailed thereby represent a substantial loss, not only because of the cost of the material which must be scrapped, but also the added cost of shipping and handling and the labor and machine time consumed unproductively.
I have invented an improved practice for the deoxidation of steel whereby the occurrence of slivers in sheets rolled from the steel is materially reduced. Speaking generally, my invention contemplates the addition to molten steel of a deoxidizing agent composed largely of aluminum, which reacts therewith somewhat explosively and thus causes a more uniform distribution and solution of the aluminum. I have found that use of an alloy of aluminum containing zinc and magnesium within certain ranges,
instead of commercial grade 4 aluminum, produces this result. This alloy is added to the molten steel while in the ladle or after it has been teemed into the ingot molds or the addition may be divided between the ladle and molds. Alternatively, it may be added to the stream in the spout from the furnace to the ladle as the tapping proceeds.
The percentages of zinc and magnesium in the alloy addition may vary between certain limits. The zinc may be from 3 to 5%, and the magnesium from 1.75 to 3%. Greater amounts make the reaction too violent while smaller amounts do not cause the desired distribution of the aluminum. The balance of the alloy is aluminum plus the impurities normally present in a commercial grade thereof. That is to say, the aluminum need not be of 2,808,327 Patented Oct. 1, 1957 high purity. (other than aluminum, zinc and magnesium) may be in the neighborhood of 10%. Preferably, the aluminum content is from to 92% or more. The impurities in aluminum of this quality include iron, silicon and copper in amounts as high as 3% of each, as well as smaller amounts of manganese, lead, tin and molybdenum. Sili-' con is usually the largest impurity in low-grade aluminum. The silicon, of course, acts as adeoxidizer the same as the aluminum, and the presence of a substantial percentage thereof is unobjectionable. In fact, the low-grade aluminum which I prefer to employ in preparing my novel addition alloy may contain as much as 3.5% silicon.
The addition alloy described above may easily be made by adding to a commercial grade of aluminum such as grade 4, sufiicient zinc and magnesium to provide the percentages thereof stated above, and fusing the metals together in accordance with known practice in making aluminum alloys.
centages by weight):
Table I Percent Aluminum 8092 Zinc 3-5 Magnesium 1.75-3 Impurities (e. g., silicon, copper, iron) 15.25-0
A preferred composition is given below (percentages by weight) It is to be understood, of course, that, so long as 4% zinc and 2% magnesium are present, the remainder may be aluminum exclusively (i. e., up to 94%), but it is not necessary for the purpose of the invention to use pure aluminum in making the alloy addition and the use of low-grade aluminum is desirable because of its lower cost.
The addition agent is used in the same manner as aluminum is used at present for deoxidizing low-carbon steel. The steel is tapped from an open-hearth furnace, for example, at the desired carbon content, and the alloy of aluminum, zinc and magnesium is added to the steel in the ladle in the amount of from three to six pounds of alloy per ton of steel, preferably in the form of shot. A vigorous reaction approaching the character of a minor explosion ensues almost immediately. The explosive character of the reaction aids the distribution of the aluminum throughout the molten steel, increasing its deoxidizing efiiciency and materially reducing the occurrence of slivers in the sheets rolled from the steel. In other words, the solution of the aluminum in the steel and its reaction therewith are more thorough than when low-grade aluminum of the usual composition is used, so that there is less chance for small masses of aluminum to remain segregated and cause slivers in the rolled sheets.
When the reaction is complete, the steel is killed and it is then cast into ingots which are subjected to conventional processing for the production of deep-drawing sheets. The rejection of such sheets because of the presence of slivers has been less than 1% compared to 6% or more for sheets of steel killed by the conventional deoxidizing agent. This obviously represents a substantial In fact, the residual metallic constituents The following table gives the permis-, sible ranges of the several elements and impurities (per saving on the large tonnages of low-carbon sheets used ford eeliaraiyifigj fimwuw M WW I v A While the invention is concerned particularly with the mak ng of k lled steeL- he a oy ad i i i l sed h rfi anyone be tissue; rimmed steel and s'mi%killd steel of carbon content up to 0.2 4%." The amount of the addition is less, however, being only about one ounce poi-ton, in order not to arrest the rimming action bretnatur ely'. amount ispref erably added toithe molten steel after it has been teemed into the mold. i
Although I haye'disclosed herein the preferred practice Q hYI invention, I intend to cover as Well any change or modification the rein'whic h may be made without departingrmm me spirit and scope of the invention.
.l la m n r 1. A'method of making low-carbon steel comprising preparing a heat of such steel, and after tapping the heat, deoxidizing the steel while it is molten with a deoxidizing agent consisting essentially of from '3 to 5% zincg frioin 1,75 to 3% 'n' agnesiurn "and the balance substantially aluminum v A method of making low-carbon steel comprising greoaring a heat of steel, and after tapping the heat;
deoxidizing the steel while it is molten with a deoxidizing alloy consisting essentially of about 4% zinc, about 2% magnesium, and the balance substantially aluminum.
3. A method as defined by claim 1 characterized by adding said agent in the amount of from three to six pounds per ton of steel. i
4. A method as defined by claim 2 characterized by adding said alloy in the amount of from three to six pounds per ton of steel.
5. The method of deoxidizing steel comprising the steps of heating the steel to a molten state and thenhdding to the molten steel a deoxidi'zing all-0y comprising at least aluminum, about 3. to 5% gains, and about 1.75 to 3% magnesium.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
Claims (1)
- 5. THE METHOD OF DEOXIDIZING STEEL COMPRISING THE STEPS OF HEATING THE STEEL TO A MOLTEN STATE AND THEN ADDING TO THE MOLTEN STEEL A DEOXIDING ALLOY COMPRISING AT LEAST 80% ALUMINUM, ABOUT 3 TO 5% ZINC, AND ABOUT 1.75 TO 3% MAGNESIUM.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US348803A US2808327A (en) | 1953-04-14 | 1953-04-14 | Method of deoxidizing steel with aluminum base alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US348803A US2808327A (en) | 1953-04-14 | 1953-04-14 | Method of deoxidizing steel with aluminum base alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2808327A true US2808327A (en) | 1957-10-01 |
Family
ID=23369604
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US348803A Expired - Lifetime US2808327A (en) | 1953-04-14 | 1953-04-14 | Method of deoxidizing steel with aluminum base alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2808327A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3257201A (en) * | 1963-12-05 | 1966-06-21 | Soc Gen Magnesium | Aluminum alloy |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US580131A (en) * | 1897-04-06 | Manufacture of steel | ||
| US684707A (en) * | 1900-11-23 | 1901-10-15 | Ernst Murmann | Alloy. |
| US1273762A (en) * | 1917-05-24 | 1918-07-23 | Gen Electric | Alloy. |
| US1460830A (en) * | 1918-10-04 | 1923-07-03 | Donald H Mclean | Metallurgical process |
| US1578979A (en) * | 1924-12-18 | 1926-03-30 | Gen Electric | Aluminum alloy |
-
1953
- 1953-04-14 US US348803A patent/US2808327A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US580131A (en) * | 1897-04-06 | Manufacture of steel | ||
| US684707A (en) * | 1900-11-23 | 1901-10-15 | Ernst Murmann | Alloy. |
| US1273762A (en) * | 1917-05-24 | 1918-07-23 | Gen Electric | Alloy. |
| US1460830A (en) * | 1918-10-04 | 1923-07-03 | Donald H Mclean | Metallurgical process |
| US1578979A (en) * | 1924-12-18 | 1926-03-30 | Gen Electric | Aluminum alloy |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3257201A (en) * | 1963-12-05 | 1966-06-21 | Soc Gen Magnesium | Aluminum alloy |
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