US2782136A - Process for the production of a hard metal of increased toughness - Google Patents
Process for the production of a hard metal of increased toughness Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2782136A US2782136A US262883A US26288351A US2782136A US 2782136 A US2782136 A US 2782136A US 262883 A US262883 A US 262883A US 26288351 A US26288351 A US 26288351A US 2782136 A US2782136 A US 2782136A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hard
- hard metal
- toughness
- production
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical class C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
Definitions
- Hard metals used for machining are required to possess a high toughness in addition to a high hardness mostly exceeding 1500 Vickers DPH units.
- Several methods have already been proposed to enhance the toughness of hard metals. Such are methods of alloying, e. g. the partial substitution of titanium carbide by the carbides of niobium and tantalum in hard metals composed of tungsten carbide and titanium carbide or an increase in the amount of auxiliary metal added, which, however, may be used to a certain limit only without decreasing the hardness to a disadvantageous extent.
- Another method of increasing the toughness comprises the use of two or more grain sizes of hard component instead of a uniformly fine grain, by these means increasing the thickness of the films of auxiliary metal between the individual grains of the hard component.
- This method has, however, equally limitations as an excessive increase of these films leads to a decrease of the hardness even without increasing the amount of auxiliary metal present.
- extensive investigations in each individual case are required to establish the method of production and the composition of the hard metal best suited.
- the present invention proposes an additional method of increasing the toughness of hard metals. Whereas it was hitherto thought impossible to influence the properties of hard metals by heat treatment, a close study of the phenomena occurring during cooling from the sintering temperature revealed that the toughness of the auxiliary metal phase was by no means unchangeable. This, however, is of course of extreme importance for the toughness of the hard metal.
- the auxiliary metal phase hard components as e. g. the carbides of tungsten, titaniurn etc. are dissolved during sintering. These may be caused to precipitate by a suitable heat treatment. Under conditions of cooling from sintering temperature normally prevailing this precipitation is not complete and considerable amounts of hard components such as carbides remain dissolved in the binder phase and increase the hardness with simultaneously decreasing its toughness.
- the heat treatment to follow the sintering process according to the present invention intended to precipitate the dissolved hard components out of the binder phase consists in annealing at temperatures between 600 and "ice i000 C., preferably between 800 and 900 C. for 2 to 10'hours.
- the hardness of the binder phase normally attains approximately RC units whereas the hardness has decreased to 38 RC after annealing for 2 hours at a temperature of 900 C.
- the progress of heat treatment can be determined by measuring the amount of alteration of the specific magnetisation of the cobalt, the specific magnetisation amounting to approximately in the as sintered and without heat treatment state and exceeding cgs. units after the heat treatment according to the present invention.
- the heat treatment of the present invention can be favourably applied to hard metals having an increased toughness obtained by grading the grain size of the hard component in a known Way. It should, however, be remembered that a binder phase of decreased hardness and increased toughness will be obtained, consequently it will mostly be suitable to consider this fact prior to selecting the grain size.
- the grain size of the hard component should preferably consist of a fine portion of a grain size of 0.5 to 2 and a coarse portion of 2 to 5 the respective amounts being selected in the ratio of 1:3 to 3:1. 7
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
United States Patent PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A HARD METAL 0F INCREASED TOUGHNESS Victor Berg, Kapfenberg, Austria No Drawing. Appiication December 21, 1951, Serial No. 262,883
Claims priority, application Austria December 27, 1950 2 Claims. (Ci. 148--13) Hard metals used for machining are required to possess a high toughness in addition to a high hardness mostly exceeding 1500 Vickers DPH units. Several methods have already been proposed to enhance the toughness of hard metals. Such are methods of alloying, e. g. the partial substitution of titanium carbide by the carbides of niobium and tantalum in hard metals composed of tungsten carbide and titanium carbide or an increase in the amount of auxiliary metal added, which, however, may be used to a certain limit only without decreasing the hardness to a disadvantageous extent. Another method of increasing the toughness comprises the use of two or more grain sizes of hard component instead of a uniformly fine grain, by these means increasing the thickness of the films of auxiliary metal between the individual grains of the hard component. This method has, however, equally limitations as an excessive increase of these films leads to a decrease of the hardness even without increasing the amount of auxiliary metal present. Thus extensive investigations in each individual case are required to establish the method of production and the composition of the hard metal best suited.
The present invention proposes an additional method of increasing the toughness of hard metals. Whereas it was hitherto thought impossible to influence the properties of hard metals by heat treatment, a close study of the phenomena occurring during cooling from the sintering temperature revealed that the toughness of the auxiliary metal phase was by no means unchangeable. This, however, is of course of extreme importance for the toughness of the hard metal. In the auxiliary metal phase hard components as e. g. the carbides of tungsten, titaniurn etc. are dissolved during sintering. These may be caused to precipitate by a suitable heat treatment. Under conditions of cooling from sintering temperature normally prevailing this precipitation is not complete and considerable amounts of hard components such as carbides remain dissolved in the binder phase and increase the hardness with simultaneously decreasing its toughness.
The heat treatment to follow the sintering process according to the present invention intended to precipitate the dissolved hard components out of the binder phase consists in annealing at temperatures between 600 and "ice i000 C., preferably between 800 and 900 C. for 2 to 10'hours.
In the case of cobalt being used as an auxiliary metal and tungsten carbide for a hard component the hardness of the binder phase normally attains approximately RC units whereas the hardness has decreased to 38 RC after annealing for 2 hours at a temperature of 900 C. The progress of heat treatment can be determined by measuring the amount of alteration of the specific magnetisation of the cobalt, the specific magnetisation amounting to approximately in the as sintered and without heat treatment state and exceeding cgs. units after the heat treatment according to the present invention.
The heat treatment of the present invention can be favourably applied to hard metals having an increased toughness obtained by grading the grain size of the hard component in a known Way. It should, however, be remembered that a binder phase of decreased hardness and increased toughness will be obtained, consequently it will mostly be suitable to consider this fact prior to selecting the grain size.
According to the present invention the grain size of the hard component should preferably consist of a fine portion of a grain size of 0.5 to 2 and a coarse portion of 2 to 5 the respective amounts being selected in the ratio of 1:3 to 3:1. 7
On using the principles embodied in the present invention hard metals are obtained with a considerably increased resistance to shock.
. I claim:
1. The process of toughening the binding matrix of a hard metal carbide selected from the group consisting'of titanium, columbium, tantalum and tungsten, sintered in a matrix of cobalt metal as a mixture of fine particles having an average grain size of 0.5 to 2 microns and coarse particles having an average particle size of 2 to 5 microns, the ratio of fine to coarse particles being in the range of 1:3 to 3: 1, comprising heating the sintered product at a temperature in the range of 800 to 900 C. for a period of two to ten hours to allow dissolved hard carbide to precipitate.
2. The process of toughening the binding matrix of a hard metal carbide selected from the group consisting of titanium, columbium, tantalum and tungsten, sintered in a matrix of cobalt metal as a mixture of fine particles less than about 5 microns in size, comprising heating the sintered product at a temperature in the range of 800 to 900 C. for a period of tWo to ten hours to allow dissolved hard carbide to precipitate.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,066,515 Bishop Jan. 5, 1937 2,285,909 Dawihl June 9, 1942 2,313,070 Henzel Mar. 9, 1943 2,349,052 Ollier May 16, 1944 2,486,576 Savage Nov. 1, 1949
Claims (1)
1. THE PROCESS OF TOUGHENING THE BINDING MATRIX OF A HARD METAL CARBIDE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF TITANIUM, COLUMBIUM, TANTALUM AND TUNGSTEN, SINTERED IN A MATRIX OF COBALT METAL AS A MIXTURE OF FINE PARTICLES HAVING AN AVERAGE GRAIN SIZE OF 0.5 TO 2 MICRONS AND COARSE PARTICLES HAVING AN AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE OF 2 T 5 MICRONS, THE RATIO OF FINE TO COARSE PARTICLES BEING IN THE RANGE OF 1:3 TO 3:1, COMPRISING HEATING THE SINTERED PRODUCT AT A TEMPERATURE IN THE RANGE OF 800 TO 900*C. FOR A PERIOD OF TWO TO TEN HOURS TO ALLOW DISSOLVED HARD CARBIDE TO PRECIPITATE.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT702101X | 1950-12-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2782136A true US2782136A (en) | 1957-02-19 |
Family
ID=3679467
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US262883A Expired - Lifetime US2782136A (en) | 1950-12-27 | 1951-12-21 | Process for the production of a hard metal of increased toughness |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2782136A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE508041A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE915987C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1047293A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB702101A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL85264C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3141768A (en) * | 1958-01-13 | 1964-07-21 | Armco Steel Corp | Abrasive grinding balls and method of manufacturing same |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2066515A (en) * | 1934-07-06 | 1937-01-05 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Method of heat treating magnetic materials |
| US2285909A (en) * | 1939-05-20 | 1942-06-09 | Gen Electric | Cutting and grinding tools |
| US2313070A (en) * | 1940-06-22 | 1943-03-09 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Metal composition |
| US2349052A (en) * | 1941-12-15 | 1944-05-16 | Joseph O Ollier | Manufacture of cemented hard metals, in particular for tool elements |
| US2486576A (en) * | 1946-04-13 | 1949-11-01 | Crucible Steel Company | Heat-treatment of cobalt base alloys and products |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR756523A (en) * | 1932-09-05 | 1933-12-11 | Cie Lorraine De Charbons Pour | Improvements in the manufacture of sintered hard alloys for cutting tools and similar uses |
| CH162520A (en) * | 1933-01-17 | 1933-06-30 | Wolfram & Molybdaen A G | Process for making hard tools. |
-
0
- NL NL85264D patent/NL85264C/xx active
- BE BE508041D patent/BE508041A/xx unknown
-
1951
- 1951-12-21 US US262883A patent/US2782136A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1951-12-22 DE DEB18308A patent/DE915987C/en not_active Expired
- 1951-12-26 FR FR1047293D patent/FR1047293A/en not_active Expired
- 1951-12-27 GB GB30194/51A patent/GB702101A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2066515A (en) * | 1934-07-06 | 1937-01-05 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Method of heat treating magnetic materials |
| US2285909A (en) * | 1939-05-20 | 1942-06-09 | Gen Electric | Cutting and grinding tools |
| US2313070A (en) * | 1940-06-22 | 1943-03-09 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Metal composition |
| US2349052A (en) * | 1941-12-15 | 1944-05-16 | Joseph O Ollier | Manufacture of cemented hard metals, in particular for tool elements |
| US2486576A (en) * | 1946-04-13 | 1949-11-01 | Crucible Steel Company | Heat-treatment of cobalt base alloys and products |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1047293A (en) | 1953-12-14 |
| GB702101A (en) | 1954-01-06 |
| DE915987C (en) | 1954-08-02 |
| BE508041A (en) | |
| NL85264C (en) |
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