US278119A - Dynamo-elegtric machine - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 1. G. W. FULLER.

DYNAMO. ELECTRIC MACHINE.

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(No Modl.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

C. W. FULLER. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

l) Patend Ma,y 22,1883.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

G. W. FULLER. DYNAMO BLEGTRIG MACHINE.

1|.. PV. 2, 2 rj m. o@ a e t DU M P x f 9 n, m im 2. @I L. N 7am (No Model.)

4 Sheets-Sheet. 4 G. W. FULLER.

DYNAMO ELBGTRIG MACHINE.

Patented Mey 22,1883.

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UNITED STATES ATENT einen@ GEORGE `W. FULLER, OF NURWICH, CONNEQTIGUT.

DYNAlvlO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NO. 278,119, dated May 22, 1883,

Application filed February 19, 1883. (No model.)

To ali whom t may concern.:

Be it known that I, GEORGE W. FULLER, of Norwich, Connecticut, have invented a certain Improvement in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of' which the following isa specification.

My improvements are designed to increase the steadiness of operation and to add to the efdciency of dynamo-electric machines having annular armatures. I increase the steadiness of operation by rotating the field-magnets, and

I add to the efficiency of the machine by making the armature-core independent ofthe coils which surround it,and keeping all parts of' the.

armature-core in unchanged polar relations to the held-magnets. The field-magnets, by reaf son of' their mass, serve, when in'rotation, the mechanicalpurpose of a balance-wheel. Their momentum renders the machine less sensitive in responding to sudden changes in theenergy of the force which drives it, or to sudden variations in the resistance of' the working-circuit. The unchanging positions of' the poles in the armature-core give time during the continued operation of the machine for the highest possible magnetization of-the core, which, by concentrating the magnetic lines of' force and intensifying the magnetic field or fields, adds to the energy of the electrical pulsations generated during the bisection of' the lines of force bythe armature-coils. This bisection, according to my invention, may be brought about either by rotating the armature-coils while holding the field-magnets and the armaturecore stationary, or by rotating the fieldmagnets and the armature-core in one direction while rotating the armature-coils in the opposite direction, or by holding the armaturecoils stationary while the field-magnets and armature-core are rotated, which latter method ot' operation is that which I have selected for the purposes of the present illustration oi my4 @Gase A.

is herein especially described, the iieldma-gnets are peculiarly arranged and the armaturecore is rotated by magnetic force. In view, however, of' the inclusion in the present case l of certain generic claims, I have designated it It describes the application of my invention to an alternating-current machine in which the armature-core is an annulus sub- 6o stantially triangular in cross-section, with shallow recesses extending acrossi'ts periphery and its inwardly-beveled sides., whereby are formed a series of polar prominences corresponding in number and relative positions with the number and relative positions ot' three rotating circles of field-magnets. The armaturecoils wound in triangular shape to conform to the shape of the core in cross-section, are arrang-ed radially in conveniently-close proxim- 7o ity to each other, and are stationary. Gaps of' sufficient width are left in the circle of' stationary armature-coils to permit the bearing of the annular core upon interiorly-placed friction-rollers, by means ot' which the annu- 75 lar core is supported concentrically with relavtion to the axis of the rotating magnets.

Three series ot' iield-magnets the coils of which are connected in the same circuit are arranged in circles in parallel planes, with their axes re- 8o spectively perpendicular to the periphery and `to the two beveled sides of' the annular core.

The field-magnets are affixed to the interior of' a suitably-formedcylinder, mounted upon and afxed to a revolving shaft provided at one end with a pulley, or preferably a crank, to which power is applied, and carrying at its opposite end a contact-maker of two parts, which are respectively' connected with the ends of the field-circuit, and make contacts, respect- 9o ively, with brushes connected with an outside machine by which the field is charged. It will be seen that the eld-magnets are arranged radially in groups of three. Their coils are so wound and so connected that the poles of' the 95 magnets composing each group are ot' like polarity to each other, but are of opposite'polarity to the poles of the next adjoining group on either side. The armature-core, being free to move, is, by reason of its polar prominences, roo dragged around by magnetic attraction as the. field-magnets revolve. By the rotation ofthe field there is excited in each of the stationary armature-coils a succession of electrical 1m e essere pulses alternating iu polarity, and each of the stationary armature-coils may, if desired, be employed to supply an outside circuit with an alternating current; or variable numbers of stationary coils, which are subjected to the same electrical conditions at the same time, may be connected together in series and made to cum ulativcly supply an outside circuit. The eld-magnets and rotating shell to which they are attached constitute a structure ot such massiveness that it serves the purpose of a balance wheel, which by its own momentum greatly promotes the steadiness of the machine, and hence the induction in the armature-coils of currents of uniform strength. By reason of the weight ot' the rotating structure the shaft may receive its motion directly from a steam-cylinder, or the machine may be aflixed to the crank-shaft et' an engine, and thus all intermediate shal'ting, belting, or gearing may be dispensed with. During the operation of the machine the magnetic attraction exerted upon all parts ot' the armature-core tends to centralize and sustain it, and as the core is free to move, I have, as a matter of conveuience, adopted for it the designation lloating core.7 It' the armature-core should be so fastened as to prevent its movement, the rotation of the lield-magnets would cause it to become heated. By permitting it to move in obedience to the magnetic forces to which it is subjected, the machine may be rotated at a high speed without heating the armature-core.,

The accompanyingdrawings,illustratingmy invention as embodied in adynamo-electric machine ot` the kind described, are as follows:

Figure l isa front elevation. Fig. 2 is a side elevation. Fig. 3 is a side elevatiomupon an enlarged scale, of the contact-maker and contiguous parts. Fig. 4 is an axial section of the contact-maker and the end of the shaft upon which the contact-malier'is mounted,and contiguous portions of the bearing of the shaft, showing the method of effecting the electrical connection with the free ends of the circuit, whichincludestherotatinglield-magnets. Fig. 5 is a side elevation ot' the` annular floating core. Fig. 6 represents a portion of live stationary coils, showing the method et' connect ing them when they are each composed of a double system of coils. Fig. 7 is an axial scction ot the machine, showing the method of constructing the revolving shell which supports the held-magnets, and the method of supporting the floating armature and the inner frame to which the stationary coils are aliixed. Fig. S is a front elevation, partly in section, of the interior ot' the machine, with one side of the revolving shell and the circle ot' field-magnets supported thereon removed. Fig. 9 is a diagram displaying the three circles of lield-magnets in the same plane, for the purpose ot' illustrating a method of appropriately connecting their coils in a single circuit.

The machine is supported upon a substantial base, A, to which are bolted the standards A', at the top of which the shaft B ofthe machine has its bearings.

The rotating shell which carries the lieldmagnets is composed of three principal parts, viz: the corrugated annular plate C, the short cylinder D, and the annularly-corrugated disk E, provided with a hub, E', which is keyed to the shaft B. The outer edges of the plate U and the disk E are secured, respectively, to the opposite ends ofthe short cylinder D by means of thev screws C' and D'. It will be seen that in cross-section the relative angles ot the inner faces c, d, and e of the shell, to which the three circles of lield-magnets F, F', and F2 are respectively affixed, are those of the sides i of an equilateral triangle. llhe field-magnets are eoncentrically arranged in equidistant groups ot' three, the members of each group occupying the saine radial plane.

The armature-coils G, which are stationary, and are wound in the l'orm ot' triangles, are concentrically arranged tlatwise in radial planes in three groups, as shown in Fig. S. The three sides of each stationary coil occupy the most intense parts of the magnetic tieldthat is, the parts immediately adjoining the paths of movement ot' the polesL/"f'f2 ofthe rotating ield-magnets. The stationary coils are supported in position by means of the screw-clamps G' G2, which conline the outer corners of the coils to the rings H and h, respectively, ofthe stationary armaturel'rame composed of the three radial arms H' H' H', the outer portions ot' which occupy the spaces between the three groups of stationary coils. The radial arms H' are united to a central hub, H2, which is secured by means ot' the screws H3 to the inner end ot' the t'rontjournalbox, B', ot' the shaft B. rlhe ring H is secured to theouter edges of the arms H', and the ring 7i is partially supported in position by be ing screwed to the rear ends of the three suitably-curved plates h', the front ends of which are secured to the ring H orto the outer ends ot' the arms H', respectively. Three arms, h2, extend radially inward from the ring la at the three points immediately opposite the arms H', to which the arms h2 are secured by means of suitably shouldered bolts inserted through the ears I, formed on the sides of the arms H', respectively, and corresponding ears formed on the arms It. The shape in cross-section of the arms H' and h2 is exhibited in Fie". 7, from which it will be seen that the bends in them are such as to afford clearance on either side for the inner circles ot' rotating eld-magnets F and F2. The arms Il' and h2 afford the bearings for the friction-rollers K K K, the peripheries of which are provided, respectively, with the grooves L', for engaging the inner edge of the lioating core L, which is an annulus, substantially triangular in cross-section, made with a removable sector, L', to permit the core L, in the process ot constructing the machine, to be inserted through the triangular armature-coils IIO 27ans l 3 G, by which the core is segmentally inclosed. The three faces ofthe core L are transversely recessed to form the equidistant polar prominences Z, which correspond in number and relative positions with the number and relative positions of the poles of the eld-magnets.

On reference to Fig. 8 it will be seen that the armature-coils Gr ot' each group are symmetrically placed, so that when one coil' is in terposed between the three poles ot'one group of field-magnets another coil is at the same time interposed between the three poles of the next adjoining group of eld-magnets, and so on. rIhe spaces between the members of each group of eld-magnets constitute a series of radiallyrelated magnetic tields, having an orbital motion by virtue of the rotation around a common center of the magnets by which the elds are excited. The field-magnets are so wound and connected that each eld is ofthe opposite polarity from the tield which adjoins it on either side. The polar prominences upon the faces of the oating core, by reason of their closer proximity to the poles of the eldmagnets, are more forcibly attracted than the recessed parts of the core, the resultofwhich is that the core is dragged around by the magnetic attraction ot the eld-magnets and the parts ofthe core where the polar prominences are situated are polarized by induction, vand retain their respective polarities without change during the operation of the machine. By this organization of the machine the stationary armature-coils are successively subjected to the action of magnetic fields, alternating in polarity, and a single coil may be employed to supply an outside circuit with an alternating current, or variable numbers ot' coils may be connected together and made to act cumulatively in supplying the same outside circuit. Thus, 'for example, four independent outside circuits may be supplied with alternating currents by the mode of connecting the stationary coils shown'in Fig. 8, in which the four circuit-s and the systems of coils embraced in each circuit are indicated, respectively, by the Figs. 1, 2, 3, and et. In this case each circuit includes a series of twenty-two coils, and the connections are made by joining the tirst convolution of one coil to -the first convolution of the next preceding coil of its series, and its last convolution to the last convolution ot' the next following coil of its series, the first convolution of the last-mentioned coil being joined to the tirst convolution of the next following coil of the series, and soon. The relatively-opposite polarities ofthe adjoining fields render this inode of connection necessary in order that simultaneous electrical impulses induced in opposite directions in adjoining coils of the series may be made to flow cumulatively into the outside circuit which the series supplies.

It will be obvious that eight independent circuits might be established by connecting together every other coil of each of the devnular plate G is secured in position.

scribed series, in which case the last convolution of each coil would require to be joined to the irst convolution of the next coil in its series, and so on, the principle governing the mode ot' connecting the coils in the last case being the reverse ot that previously described, because the several coils included in each of the said eight circuits would be simultaneousl acted upon by elds ot like polarity.

The stationary coils G, instead of being vformed ot' one continuons wire, may be composed ot" two independent'wires wound in similarlyshaped convolutions, and superposed, as indicated in Fig. 6, which shows one method of connecting systems of double coils. This modiication doubles the number ot' independ-L ent coils, and correspondingly increases the number of possible independent circuits which the machine is capable ot supplying with alternating currents. The field-magnets which are connected in series in a single circuit are excited by a current from an outside source, transmitted by means of the contact-maker M, composed o t' the two insulated disks m and m', carried upon the shaft B. These disks have their peripheries grooved, to respectively receive the brushes N N', supported upon the arms n n', with which the wires of the outside circuit are respectively connected.

The ends or" the tield-circuit wires O and O are connected, respectively, with the contactdisks m and 1n', as shown in Fig. 4, and are carried through a hole extending longitudinally partly through the center of the shaft B,

thence outwardly through one side ofthe shaft, I

and through the hub E to the field-'magnets in the interior of the machine, as shown in Fig. 7.. In joining the coils ot' either of the circles ofiield-tnagnets the connections must be so made that the exciting-current will dow in 011e direction through the coil of one magnet and in the opposite direction through the coil of the next adjoining magnet in the circle, and so on, as is well understood by those who are familiar with dynamo-electric machines.

As has already been observed, the several circles of eld-magnets must be so connected that the magnets of each group will present poles of like polarity to each other, but ot' opposite polarity to that of the adjoininggroups on either side. The connection between the ICU IIO

IIS

rear circle of field-magnets supported upon the disk E and the middle or outer circle of magnets supported upon the cylinder D, and the connection with the wires leading to the contact-maker, can easily be made before the an- To effect the connection with the front circle of fieldmagnets supported upon the annular plate C, an aperture, O2, is provided in the edge of the plate C, or at any other convenient point through or near which the ends Q gof the wires leading from the middle circle of magnets are led, so that they can loe appropriately coupled to the ends Q g ot the wires leading ISO from the front circle ot' Held-magnets after the l magnets, andan armature-core capable of roplate C is aftixed in place.

A inode ot' connecting the held-magnets is illustrated in Fic. 9, which is a diagram representing as projected on the same plane the three series ot' field-magnets, which in the machine are arranged in circles in parallel vertical planes. It is not deemed necessary to show the entire number of magnets contained in each circle, inasmuch as eightthe number shown-sutices to illustrate the mode of connection. The coils of each series of field-mag. nets are connected together in the same way as the stationary coils of a series are connected together-that is, byjoining the iirst convolution ot' one coil to the first convolution ofthe next preceding coil of its series and its last convolution to the last convolution ot' thenext following coil ot' its series, the first convolution of the last-mentioned coil being joined to the iirst convolution ofthe next followingcoil,

and so on.

In the diagram the three parts C D E ot' the rotating shell upon which the -lieldmagnets are supported are not represented, and the letters G D E appearingulwon the diagram serve merely to indicate the circle of iicldmagnets which the three parts of the rotating shell respectively support.

The shell carrying the field-magnets may be rotated by means of a belt acting upon a pulley affixed to the shai't B; or a crank may be ixed on the rear end of the shat't B for engagementby thepitman of a steam-engine by which the machine may be driven.

In the present machine the oating armature-core is an annulus, and the stationary armature-coils surround it segmentally.

My invention ot' the tloating armature-core is also applicable to armatures of cylindrical form which are traversed exteriorly by the armatureecoils. rIhis inode of applying my invention I intend to make the subject of specilic claim in another application l'or patent.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of the external system of annularlyarranged field-magnets with armature-coils the convolntions of which loosely surround an annular core of magnetic material which passes through all the armature-coils, and all the parts of which core sustain unchanging polar relations to the field-magnets, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. rlhe combination, iu a dynamo-electric machine, of armature-coils with rotating fieldtation independently of the said armaturecoils, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, in a dynamo-electric machine, of systems ot' rotating field-magnets and stationary armature-coils with au annular arm attire-core adapted to rotate independently of the coils which surround it, and having formed upon its face or faces transverse polar prominences, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In an alternating-current dynamo-electric machine, three systems ot' tield-maguets supported, respectively, in three circles upon the interior of' a rotating shell, and forming a series of radially-arranged groups, each coinposed ot' three magnets, the three magnets of each group being of like polarity to each other, but of opposite polarity to that ofthe adjoining groups, and presenting their poles in close proximity to and parallel With the three sides, respectively, of triangular coils t'ansversely surrounding an endless bar or annular core, and supported upon a stationary frame, and connected with one or more operative cir cuits, in combination with contact-makersand brushes electrically connected with the coils of the held-magnets for conducting a current from an outside source to excite the tield-mag nets.'

5. In combination with the described systems ot' rotating field-magnets and stationary armature-coils, an annular armature-core so supported or suspended as to be free to rotate, and having formed upon its faces transverse polar promiuences, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In combination with parallel systems of rotating ield-magnets, and with stationary armature-coils, the `floating armature-core L, supported upon and centralized by the interiorly-placed friction-rollers K K K, journaled iu the stationary armature-frame suitably connected to and held in position by the front IOC standard, A', of the machine, as and for the l purpose set forth.

7. The stationary armaturelcoils G, aliixed to the rings H' and h of the stationary armature-frame secured to or forming` a part ot' the central hub, H2, as and for the purpose set forth.

GEO. W. FULLER.

Witnesses:

Jos. G. EARLE, J. H. SHUMWAY.

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