US2771355A - Agglomerating ores in the blast furnace - Google Patents
Agglomerating ores in the blast furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2771355A US2771355A US473469A US47346954A US2771355A US 2771355 A US2771355 A US 2771355A US 473469 A US473469 A US 473469A US 47346954 A US47346954 A US 47346954A US 2771355 A US2771355 A US 2771355A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blast furnace
- iron ore
- ore
- charged
- agglomerating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 ores Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/02—Making special pig-iron, e.g. by applying additives, e.g. oxides of other metals
Definitions
- This invention relates to the use of a cementing agent in the blast furnace for the purpose of keeping down the quantity of fine iron ore which is blown out the top of the furnace by the exit furnace gases. It is obvious that the cementing action can also be used to cut down on the amount of other fine materials, such as coke breeze and flux material, which are also blown out the top. In most installations the fines which are blown out are caught in a dust catcher, sintered at a high temperature to increase the particle size, and subsequently re-charged into the furnace. The extra handling, fuel used, and capital investment are expensive items.
- the percentage of ore normally blown out the top of the furnace by the gases amounts to five percent or more of the charge when ordinary hematite ore is charged and as much as sixty percent when finely ground concentrated taconite ores are charged. Water is normally sprayed on the ore in an attempt to cut down on the blow over. It has very little effect. Thus it can be seen that the fine ores are not a satisfactory charge. Of course this fine ore can be sintered or briquetted to make it coarse. In both cases extra handling, extra capital investment in equipment, and fuel are necessary to do the coarsening job.
- My invention relates to the adding of a cementing agent, either in suspension, emulsion or solution to the water which is sprayed on the ore.
- the percentage of cementing agent needed will vary with the amount of fines in the ore being charged into the furnace.
- a sodium silicate solution such as water glass, approximately 40 Baum, is used, as little as .1 to 10% may be used.
- the amount used is not critical.
- Other cementing agents might be starch, flour, molasses, or bituminous emulsions, etc.
- a surface tension depressant or so-called wetting agent can be added to the aqueous solution to improve the wettability of the ore. This will raise the efiiciency of the cementing agent.
- the amount of surface tension depressant used will of course vary with the individual chemical used, but an amount of .01 to .2% of the aqueous solution used is generally satisfactory.
- the temperature in the top of a blast furnace is of the magnitude of 500 F. At this temperature, the moisture content of the charge is rapidly evaporated. Merely watering down the ore is of little advantage because of the rapid evaporation. However when a cementing compound is added to the Water used to wet down the ore, the cementing compound is left in the ore and acts to agglomerate the fines, thus cutting down on the blow over.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
United States Patent AGGLOMERATING ORES IN THE BLAST FURNACE Harry Cohen, Chicago, 111.
No Drawing. Application December 6, 1954, Serial No. 473,469
6 Claims. (CI. 75-41) This invention relates to the use of a cementing agent in the blast furnace for the purpose of keeping down the quantity of fine iron ore which is blown out the top of the furnace by the exit furnace gases. It is obvious that the cementing action can also be used to cut down on the amount of other fine materials, such as coke breeze and flux material, which are also blown out the top. In most installations the fines which are blown out are caught in a dust catcher, sintered at a high temperature to increase the particle size, and subsequently re-charged into the furnace. The extra handling, fuel used, and capital investment are expensive items.
The percentage of ore normally blown out the top of the furnace by the gases amounts to five percent or more of the charge when ordinary hematite ore is charged and as much as sixty percent when finely ground concentrated taconite ores are charged. Water is normally sprayed on the ore in an attempt to cut down on the blow over. It has very little effect. Thus it can be seen that the fine ores are not a satisfactory charge. Of course this fine ore can be sintered or briquetted to make it coarse. In both cases extra handling, extra capital investment in equipment, and fuel are necessary to do the coarsening job.
My invention relates to the adding of a cementing agent, either in suspension, emulsion or solution to the water which is sprayed on the ore. The percentage of cementing agent needed will vary with the amount of fines in the ore being charged into the furnace. When a sodium silicate solution such as water glass, approximately 40 Baum, is used, as little as .1 to 10% may be used. The amount used is not critical. Other cementing agents might be starch, flour, molasses, or bituminous emulsions, etc. A surface tension depressant or so-called wetting agent can be added to the aqueous solution to improve the wettability of the ore. This will raise the efiiciency of the cementing agent. The amount of surface tension depressant used will of course vary with the individual chemical used, but an amount of .01 to .2% of the aqueous solution used is generally satisfactory.
Inasmuch as the iron making capacity of a furnace is reduced by the amount of flue dust formation, the amount of binder or cementing material used in the original charge must be small enough to compensate for its own volume and cost, including coke and flux. This situation puts a practical limit of approximately five percent on the binder or cementing agent used. Economically, less than three percent (3%) should be sufiicient. Of course the actual amount needed is directly dependent on the percentage of fines in the ore charge and the efficiency of the mixing technique. As little as one tenth (0.1%) binder such as sodium silicate will show a measurable difference in flue dust formation. In order to take into consideration future changes in the art, I limit my invention to the use of between one tenth per- 2,771,355 Patented Nov. 20, 1956 cent (0.1%) and ten percent (10%) of cementing compound to the weight of the ore charged, excluding the water content. The use of a combination of sodium silicate with molasses or other sugary substances such as glucose has been claimed by Holz in U. S. Patent No. 2,373,244. It is not my intention to claim this specific combination of cementing agents.
The temperature in the top of a blast furnace is of the magnitude of 500 F. At this temperature, the moisture content of the charge is rapidly evaporated. Merely watering down the ore is of little advantage because of the rapid evaporation. However when a cementing compound is added to the Water used to wet down the ore, the cementing compound is left in the ore and acts to agglomerate the fines, thus cutting down on the blow over.
It is obvious that this process can help to reduce the amount of fine materials, such as ores, fluxes, and reducing agents which are blown out the top of any blast furnace used for reducing ores to the metallic state, all of which are intended to be included in the scope of my invention.
I claim:
1. The process of agglomerating iron ore inside the blast furnace which consists of adding to the iron ore being charged into the blast furnace a solution containing from one tenth to ten percent cementing agent and then charging the iron ore and cementing agent into the blast furnace.
'2. The process of agglomerating iron ore inside the blast furnace which consists of adding to the iron ore being charged into the blast furnace a solution containing from one tenth to ten percent sodium silicate and then charging the iron ore and sodium silicate into the blast furnace.
3. The process of agglomerating iron ore inside the blast furnace which consists of adding to the iron ore being charged into the blast furnace a solution containing from one tenth to ten percent molasses and then charging the iron ore and molasses into the blast furnace.
4. The process of agglomerating iron ore inside the blast furnace which consists of adding to the iron ore being charged into the blast furnace an aqueous suspension containing from one tenth to ten percent flour and then charging the iron ore and flour into the blast furnace.
5. The process of agglomerating iron ore inside the blast furnace which consists of adding to the iron ore being charged into the blast furnace an aqueous suspension containing from one tenth to ten percent starch and then charging the iron ore and starch into the blast furnace.
6. The process of agglomerating iron ore inside the blast furnace which consists of adding to the iron ore being charged into the blast furnace an aqueous emulsion containing from one tenth to ten percent bituminous material and then charging the iron ore and bituminous material into the blast furnace.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 520,377 Nienstaedt May 22, 1894 794,153 Price July 4, 1905 1,103,400 Cooper July 14, 1914 1,154,980 Exbrayat Sept. 28, 1915 1,334,331 Vogel Mar. 23, 1920 1,536,033 Stillman Apr. 28, 1925 1,680,107 Marquard Aug. 7, 1928 1,994,379 Williams et al. Mar. 12, 1935 2,363,371 Vignos Nov. 21, 1944 2,373,244 Holz Apr. 10 1945
Claims (1)
1. THE PROCESS OF AGGLOMERATING IRON ORE INSIDE THE BLAST SURFACE WHICH CONSISTS OF ADDING TO THE IRON ORE BEING CHARGED INTO THE BLAST FURNACE A SOLUTION CONTAINING FROM ONE TENTH TO TEN PERCENT CEMENTING AGENT AND THEN CHARGING THE IRON AND CEMENTING AGENT INTO THE BLAST FURNACE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US473469A US2771355A (en) | 1954-12-06 | 1954-12-06 | Agglomerating ores in the blast furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US473469A US2771355A (en) | 1954-12-06 | 1954-12-06 | Agglomerating ores in the blast furnace |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2771355A true US2771355A (en) | 1956-11-20 |
Family
ID=23879653
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US473469A Expired - Lifetime US2771355A (en) | 1954-12-06 | 1954-12-06 | Agglomerating ores in the blast furnace |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2771355A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2996372A (en) * | 1958-07-18 | 1961-08-15 | Blocked Iron Corp | Lump ores and methods of producing them |
| US3975183A (en) * | 1975-03-20 | 1976-08-17 | Nalco Chemical Company | Use of alkali metal silicates to reduce particulate emissions in sintering operations |
| US4197115A (en) * | 1977-04-18 | 1980-04-08 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for manufacturing pellets |
| US4695315A (en) * | 1982-11-13 | 1987-09-22 | Studiengesellschaft Fur Eisenerzaufbereitung | Method of minimizing reduction disintegration of iron ores and iron ore agglomerates to be used as blast furnace burden |
| US5000783A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1991-03-19 | Oriox Technologies, Inc. | Modified native starch base binder for pelletizing mineral material |
| US5112391A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1992-05-12 | Nalco Chemical Company | Method of forming ore pellets with superabsorbent polymer |
| US5171361A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1992-12-15 | Oriox Technologies, Inc. | Modified native starch base binder for pelletizing mineral material |
| US5306327A (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1994-04-26 | Oriox Technologies, Inc. | Modified native starch base binder for pelletizing mineral material |
| US20110232420A1 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-09-29 | Vale S.A. | Ore fine agglomerate to be used in sintering process and production process of ore fines agglomerate |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US520377A (en) * | 1894-05-22 | Ernest nienstaedt | ||
| US794153A (en) * | 1904-05-31 | 1905-07-04 | Charles S Price | Utilization of flue-dust. |
| US1103400A (en) * | 1914-04-20 | 1914-07-14 | William Cooper | Process for preparing ore-dust for smelting. |
| US1154980A (en) * | 1914-06-22 | 1915-09-28 | Alphonse Exbrayat | Process for the manufacture of agglomerates. |
| US1334331A (en) * | 1918-10-26 | 1920-03-23 | Gen Briquetting Company | Briqueting of ores |
| US1536033A (en) * | 1922-10-03 | 1925-04-28 | Smelters General Briquette Cor | Process of agglomerating loose materials |
| US1680107A (en) * | 1927-10-15 | 1928-08-07 | Frank F Marquard | Process for preparing flue dust for smelting in blast furnaces |
| US1994379A (en) * | 1934-01-06 | 1935-03-12 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Iron-bearing briquette and method of making the same |
| US2363371A (en) * | 1942-04-23 | 1944-11-21 | Ohio Feero Alloys Corp | Process of forming briquettes, bricks, or solid agglomerates |
| US2373244A (en) * | 1943-08-19 | 1945-04-10 | Holz Frank | Blast furnace process |
-
1954
- 1954-12-06 US US473469A patent/US2771355A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US520377A (en) * | 1894-05-22 | Ernest nienstaedt | ||
| US794153A (en) * | 1904-05-31 | 1905-07-04 | Charles S Price | Utilization of flue-dust. |
| US1103400A (en) * | 1914-04-20 | 1914-07-14 | William Cooper | Process for preparing ore-dust for smelting. |
| US1154980A (en) * | 1914-06-22 | 1915-09-28 | Alphonse Exbrayat | Process for the manufacture of agglomerates. |
| US1334331A (en) * | 1918-10-26 | 1920-03-23 | Gen Briquetting Company | Briqueting of ores |
| US1536033A (en) * | 1922-10-03 | 1925-04-28 | Smelters General Briquette Cor | Process of agglomerating loose materials |
| US1680107A (en) * | 1927-10-15 | 1928-08-07 | Frank F Marquard | Process for preparing flue dust for smelting in blast furnaces |
| US1994379A (en) * | 1934-01-06 | 1935-03-12 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Iron-bearing briquette and method of making the same |
| US2363371A (en) * | 1942-04-23 | 1944-11-21 | Ohio Feero Alloys Corp | Process of forming briquettes, bricks, or solid agglomerates |
| US2373244A (en) * | 1943-08-19 | 1945-04-10 | Holz Frank | Blast furnace process |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2996372A (en) * | 1958-07-18 | 1961-08-15 | Blocked Iron Corp | Lump ores and methods of producing them |
| US3975183A (en) * | 1975-03-20 | 1976-08-17 | Nalco Chemical Company | Use of alkali metal silicates to reduce particulate emissions in sintering operations |
| US4197115A (en) * | 1977-04-18 | 1980-04-08 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for manufacturing pellets |
| US4695315A (en) * | 1982-11-13 | 1987-09-22 | Studiengesellschaft Fur Eisenerzaufbereitung | Method of minimizing reduction disintegration of iron ores and iron ore agglomerates to be used as blast furnace burden |
| US5000783A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1991-03-19 | Oriox Technologies, Inc. | Modified native starch base binder for pelletizing mineral material |
| US5171361A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1992-12-15 | Oriox Technologies, Inc. | Modified native starch base binder for pelletizing mineral material |
| US5112391A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1992-05-12 | Nalco Chemical Company | Method of forming ore pellets with superabsorbent polymer |
| US5306327A (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1994-04-26 | Oriox Technologies, Inc. | Modified native starch base binder for pelletizing mineral material |
| US20110232420A1 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-09-29 | Vale S.A. | Ore fine agglomerate to be used in sintering process and production process of ore fines agglomerate |
| US9175364B2 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2015-11-03 | Vale S.A. | Ore fine agglomerate to be used in sintering process and production process of ore fines agglomerate |
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