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US2767464A - Composite metallic bodies and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Composite metallic bodies and method of producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2767464A
US2767464A US316695A US31669552A US2767464A US 2767464 A US2767464 A US 2767464A US 316695 A US316695 A US 316695A US 31669552 A US31669552 A US 31669552A US 2767464 A US2767464 A US 2767464A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nickel
chromium
steel
plating
producing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US316695A
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English (en)
Inventor
Herman R Nack
John R Whitacre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE552004D priority Critical patent/BE552004A/fr
Application filed by Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio filed Critical Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio
Priority to US316695A priority patent/US2767464A/en
Priority to DEC13852A priority patent/DE1095619B/de
Priority to FR1161776D priority patent/FR1161776A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2767464A publication Critical patent/US2767464A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
    • C23C16/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metal carbonyl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C16/0209—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C16/0272—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating
    • C23C16/0281—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating of metallic sub-layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
    • Y10T428/12854—Next to Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12937—Co- or Ni-base component next to Fe-base component

Definitions

  • FIG-3 ⁇ iMwML L M f' INVENTOR I HERMAN.
  • This invention relates to composite metallic bodies and to methods of producing the same. More particularly the invention relates to the coating of steel with chromium through the intermediary of a nickel tie ply or bonding layer.
  • Chromium is a rust-defying metal, hard but relatively brittle;- in the plated condition whether attained by electrolytic or gas plating methods it shows adherence to some degree for steels. This adherence however, probably due to the brittle characteristic is not entirely satisfactory for applications involving high stresses and temperatures such as may occur in gun barrels.
  • the product attained by the generally described method comprises abase layer, a thin nickel layer preferably having a thickness of less than one mil, and a heavy chromium layer.
  • the chromium is thus supported on nickel which is considerably more ductile and malleable than the chromium. Accordingly under the application of stress the nickel will have a-slight tendency to yield and take up the effects of the applied forces relieving to a degree the strains in theupper more brittle chromium layer.
  • the thickness of the nickellayer may be important in connection with some applications butis not to be consideredas critical; it should however be thin relative to the chromium and the onlylimitationis that the nickel underthe applied stresses should not flow to an extent that permanent deformation occurs. A layei of nickel which approaches the monomolecular. is considered to be satisfactory. t
  • the thickness of the chromium coat is preferably at least several-times thatof the-nickel layer and the ratio may be as muchas. 10:1. With greater ratios the ability of the nickel to absorb stresses sufficiently quickly will be impaired.
  • the process of invention is particularly adapted for the plating of steelobjects of substantially all qualities and characteristics and the invention will accordingly be described withparticular referencethereto. However other materials capable of withstanding the temperature involved may be similarly treated and .the inventive concept is not to be considered as limited to steel and various iron alloys.
  • the steel surface is first cleaned and activated as described hereinafter and is then brought to a suitable temperature range capable of promoting the thermal decomposition of the selected nickel bearing gaseous compound.
  • Adherence of the nickel plate to the steel is promoted by maintaining the initial deposition rate low. While high plating gas flow rates and high plating gas concentrations produce acceptable results it is presently considered that adherence and uniformity of coating are improved by first securing a microscopic coating over which additional nickel deposition may suitably take place at a relatively fast rate. This microscopic or monomolecular coating is favorably attained as described with particularity hereinafter when both the gas concentration and plating gas flow rates are maintained relatively low.
  • the plating gas is to be understood as the metal bearing gas; the process is conducted with the aid of a carrier gas and While hydrogen is preferred for such purpose due to its tendency towards a reducing action others such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide may be suitably employed in the practice of this invention.
  • the airtight plating chamber Upon attainment of the required nickel coating the airtight plating chamber is preferably swept free of all gases, and to insure of a completely free nickel surface the same may be subjected to heating to evolve all gases. Thereafter the gaseous chromium compound is introduced with the aid of a carrier gas. Apparently adhesion will also be facilitated if the initial chromium plating is performed slowly therate being increased after an initial chromium layer has been deposited.
  • the nickel coated body may be removed from the plating chamber before the chromium is applied, but if this procedure is followed thOl'Ollgr deoxidation with hydrogen or other reducing agent should take place prior to chromium deposition.
  • the gaseous sources of the nickel and chromium are not critical to this invention; however nickel carbonyl and chromium hexacarbonyl are preferred as the sources of nickel and chromium respectively.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of an object coated with chromium and nickel in accord with the precepts of this invention
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of a cylindrical workpiece coated in accordance with this invention.
  • Figure 3 is a view taken on line 3-3 of Figure 2.
  • a steel workpiece is first heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen to a temperature of between about 800900 F. for a period of a few minutes which temperature is well above the normal plating range of nickel carbonyl; then with hydrogen flowing over the workpiece the temperature thereof is reduced to about 350-400 F. and nickel car.- bonyl is slowly bled into the apparatus, the stream of hydrogen now acting as a carrier.
  • the total gas flow at this time may be about cc./minute approximately onethird of the gaseous volume being nickel carbonyl.
  • the carbonyl upon contacting the heated workpiece decomposes to deposit nickel in a very thin coating over the steel surface. In the dilute concentration set out above a flow for about 10 to 15 minutes will deposit a sufiicient amount of nickel to serve as the intermediate bonding layer.
  • the nickel carbonyl How is halted and hydrogen is again fed through the system while the temperature is raised to approximately 500-600 F. to insure of complete removal of all nickel carbonyl and decomposition gases thereof
  • the workpiece temperature is then again reduced to 350-400 P. which is the normal plating range for chromium hexacarbonyl.
  • the concentration of the chromium hexacarbonyl may be as low as 10-15% in the initial stages of chromium metal deposition and this concentration may be increased to 40-50% by volume as plating progresses. It is not essential that the concentration be so regulated but it appears that initial plating at low concentration may result in superior bonding without blistering.
  • the plating at higher concentrations may be continued for a sufiicient length of time to acquire the necessary uniform coating a thickness of 2-3 mils being obtainable generally in about 30 minutes.
  • the interior of steel surfaces may be plated with suitable apparatus such as that described in co-pending application of Peter Pawlyk, Serial No. 250,306, filed October 8, 1951, and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention, although it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited thereto, since the process is clearly equally' adapable to the production of coatings on the exterior surfaces of articles.
  • Figure 1 shows a steel base 1 coated with a very thin layer which may be taken as substantially monomolecular, of nickel having thereon a layer 3 of chromium.
  • the steel base 5 in cylindrical form is provided with a nickel layer 7 over which is positioned the cylindrical layer 9 of chromium deposited from the vapor state.
  • the product thus produced will have, due to the noted ductility and malleability of the nickel, superior service characteristics.
  • a process of producing a gas plated composite steel body the steps of briefly heating the steel in an atmosphere of hydrogen at between about 800-900 F., cooling the steel into the plating range of nickel carbonyl, introducing the nickel carbonyl to the steel to deposit a thin substantially monomolecular film of nickel thereon, heating the steel and nickel composite to a temperature well above the normal plating range of chromium hexacarbonyl in the presence of hydrogen, cooling to the plating range of chromium hexacarbonyl, and introducing chromium hexacarbonyl to the composite body to effect deposition of chromium of a greater thickness than said deposited nickel on said nickel, said chromium deposit being on the order of between about 1 to 10 times the thickness of said nickel.
  • a process of producing a gas plated composite steel body the steps of briefly heating the steel in an atmosphere of hydrogen at between about 800900 F., cooling the steel to between about 350-400 E, introducing nickel carbonyl to the steel to deposit a thin substantially monomolecular film of nickel thereon, heating the steel and nickel composite to a temperature well above the normal plating range of chromium hexacarbonyl in the presence of hydrogen, cooling to the plating range of chromium hexacarbonyl, and introducing chromium hexacarbonyl to the composite body to effect deposition of chromium on said nickel, said chromium deposit being on the order of between about 1 .to 10 times the thickness of said nickel.
  • a process of producing a gas plated composite steel body the steps of briefly heating the steel in an atmosphere of hydrogen at between about 800-900 F., cooling the steel to between about 350-400 F., introducing nickel carbonyl to the steel to deposit a thin substantially monomolecular film of nickel thereon, heating the steel and nickel composite to between about 500-600 F. in the presence of hydrogen, cooling to between about 350-400 F., and introducing chromium hexacarbonyl to the composite body to efiect deposition of chromium of greater than a monomolecular thickness on said nickel, said chromium deposit being on the order of between about 1 to 10 times the thickness of said nickel.
  • step (a) heating a steel workpiece
  • step (b) plating from a heat decomposable gaseous nickel bearing compound a substantially monomolecular coating of nickel onto said workpiece
  • step of (c) plating from a heat decomposable gaseous chromium bearing compound a coating of chromium greater in thickness than said nickel upon said nickel, said chromium deposit being on the order of between about 1 to 10 times the thickness of said nickel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
US316695A 1952-10-24 1952-10-24 Composite metallic bodies and method of producing the same Expired - Lifetime US2767464A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE552004D BE552004A (nl) 1952-10-24
US316695A US2767464A (en) 1952-10-24 1952-10-24 Composite metallic bodies and method of producing the same
DEC13852A DE1095619B (de) 1952-10-24 1956-10-22 Verfahren zur Herstellung korrosionsfester Staehle durch UEberziehen mit Nickel und Chrom
FR1161776D FR1161776A (fr) 1952-10-24 1956-10-22 Corps métalliques composés et procédé de fabrication de ces corps

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US316695A US2767464A (en) 1952-10-24 1952-10-24 Composite metallic bodies and method of producing the same

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BE (1) BE552004A (nl)
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898234A (en) * 1953-08-14 1959-08-04 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of producing composite metallic bodies
US3050417A (en) * 1954-03-18 1962-08-21 Union Carbide Corp Chromium nickel alloy gas plating
US3152973A (en) * 1960-07-26 1964-10-13 Udylite Corp Electrodeposition of lustrous nickel
US3206326A (en) * 1961-11-27 1965-09-14 Ethyl Corp Aluminum intermittent plating process
US3890110A (en) * 1972-08-29 1975-06-17 Fansteel Inc Composite coated steel structure for corrosion resistance
US3951612A (en) * 1974-11-12 1976-04-20 Aerospace Materials Inc. Erosion resistant coatings
US4409881A (en) * 1979-09-26 1983-10-18 Fabrique Nationale Herstal Composite barrel and process for the manufacture thereof
WO1986001757A1 (en) * 1984-09-21 1986-03-27 General Electric Company Alternating segment ring structure
US6079310A (en) * 1996-12-05 2000-06-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Portable launcher
US6497065B1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2002-12-24 Michaels Of Oregon Co. Firearm barrel having protective sleeve
US20060265926A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-11-30 Sietsema Glen D Firearm with enhanced corrosion and wear resistance properties
US20070259192A1 (en) * 2006-05-08 2007-11-08 Eads Space Transportation Gmbh Method for producing components for rocket construction
RU2732038C1 (ru) * 2020-01-09 2020-09-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тверской государственный технический университет" (ТвГТУ) Способ нанесения хромового покрытия на прецизионные детали из низколегированных конструкционных сталей

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1578254A (en) * 1924-06-26 1926-03-30 Thomas E Murray Protection of metals against corrosion
US1615585A (en) * 1926-02-25 1927-01-25 Metals Prot Corp Process of producing corrosion-resisting coatings on iron and steel and product
US2475601A (en) * 1946-04-26 1949-07-12 Ohio Commw Eng Co Bonding of metal carbonyl deposits
US2514873A (en) * 1945-06-30 1950-07-11 Superior Steel Corp Bimetallic billet
US2516058A (en) * 1943-09-30 1950-07-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Apparatus for plating of metals
US2525831A (en) * 1944-12-01 1950-10-17 Rockweil Mfg Company Coated valve and parts thereof
US2612442A (en) * 1949-05-19 1952-09-30 Sintercast Corp America Coated composite refractory body

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1578254A (en) * 1924-06-26 1926-03-30 Thomas E Murray Protection of metals against corrosion
US1615585A (en) * 1926-02-25 1927-01-25 Metals Prot Corp Process of producing corrosion-resisting coatings on iron and steel and product
US2516058A (en) * 1943-09-30 1950-07-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Apparatus for plating of metals
US2525831A (en) * 1944-12-01 1950-10-17 Rockweil Mfg Company Coated valve and parts thereof
US2514873A (en) * 1945-06-30 1950-07-11 Superior Steel Corp Bimetallic billet
US2475601A (en) * 1946-04-26 1949-07-12 Ohio Commw Eng Co Bonding of metal carbonyl deposits
US2612442A (en) * 1949-05-19 1952-09-30 Sintercast Corp America Coated composite refractory body

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898234A (en) * 1953-08-14 1959-08-04 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of producing composite metallic bodies
US3050417A (en) * 1954-03-18 1962-08-21 Union Carbide Corp Chromium nickel alloy gas plating
US3152973A (en) * 1960-07-26 1964-10-13 Udylite Corp Electrodeposition of lustrous nickel
US3152972A (en) * 1960-07-26 1964-10-13 Udylite Corp Electrodeposition of lustrous satin nickel
US3152971A (en) * 1960-07-26 1964-10-13 Udylite Corp Electrodeposition of fine-grained lustrous nickel
US3206326A (en) * 1961-11-27 1965-09-14 Ethyl Corp Aluminum intermittent plating process
US3890110A (en) * 1972-08-29 1975-06-17 Fansteel Inc Composite coated steel structure for corrosion resistance
US3951612A (en) * 1974-11-12 1976-04-20 Aerospace Materials Inc. Erosion resistant coatings
US4409881A (en) * 1979-09-26 1983-10-18 Fabrique Nationale Herstal Composite barrel and process for the manufacture thereof
US4657823A (en) * 1984-09-21 1987-04-14 General Electric Company Alternating segment ring structure
WO1986001757A1 (en) * 1984-09-21 1986-03-27 General Electric Company Alternating segment ring structure
US4726962A (en) * 1984-09-21 1988-02-23 General Electric Company Alternating segment ring structure
US6079310A (en) * 1996-12-05 2000-06-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Portable launcher
US6497065B1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2002-12-24 Michaels Of Oregon Co. Firearm barrel having protective sleeve
US6758004B2 (en) * 1999-05-14 2004-07-06 Michaels Of Oregon Co. Firearm barrel manufacturing methods and barrel assemblies
US20040216350A1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2004-11-04 Michaels Of Oregon Co. Composite firearm barrel assemblies
US7152357B2 (en) 1999-05-14 2006-12-26 Michaels Of Oregon Co. Composite firearm barrel assemblies
US20060265926A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-11-30 Sietsema Glen D Firearm with enhanced corrosion and wear resistance properties
US8112930B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2012-02-14 Ra Brands, L.L.C. Firearm with enhanced corrosion and wear resistance properties
US20070259192A1 (en) * 2006-05-08 2007-11-08 Eads Space Transportation Gmbh Method for producing components for rocket construction
DE102006021539A1 (de) * 2006-05-08 2007-11-15 Eads Space Transportation Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen für den Raketenbau
RU2732038C1 (ru) * 2020-01-09 2020-09-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тверской государственный технический университет" (ТвГТУ) Способ нанесения хромового покрытия на прецизионные детали из низколегированных конструкционных сталей

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE552004A (nl)
FR1161776A (fr) 1958-09-04

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