US2755211A - Electric welding medium containing manganese oxide, titania, and silica - Google Patents
Electric welding medium containing manganese oxide, titania, and silica Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2755211A US2755211A US476055A US47605554A US2755211A US 2755211 A US2755211 A US 2755211A US 476055 A US476055 A US 476055A US 47605554 A US47605554 A US 47605554A US 2755211 A US2755211 A US 2755211A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- manganese oxide
- silica
- titania
- medium containing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 20
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
Definitions
- the welding process referred to was originally developed for the welding of heavy sections and has found its greatest utility in the production of welds in plate ranging in thickness from about 4 inch to 4 inches.
- the sound, strong welds made automatically and quickly by this welding process have made it attractive for everwidening fields of application.
- Much time and effort have been expended in an endeavor to adapt the process for use in automatic high speed welding of thin sheet metal. While good welds have been made with conventional welding media in such thin sheet at rates up to about 150 inches per minute, the demand for higher and higher production rates has led to a continuing demand for a medium which would permit welding such material at higher rates of speed than have been heretofore possible.
- the invention comprises a granulated electric welding medium containing as essential constituents manganese oxide, titania, and silica and which may also contain, and preferably does, small quantities of alumina and vanadium oxide. Oxides of iron (FeO), calcium (CaO) and magnesium (MgO) are also generally present.
- the welding medium of the invention contains 15% to 28% silica; 20% to 35% titania; up to 7.5% alumina; up to about 7.5 total of iron oxide (FeO), lime (CaO) and magnesia (MgO), iron oxide and lime preferably not exceeding about 3% each in the presence of each other, and magnesia generally not exceeding 2%; up to 1% vanadium pentoxide; up to calcium fluoride; the remainder manganese oxide, the manganese oxide content being 40% to 50%.
- a preferred range of composition is: 17% to 20% silica; 20% to 24% titania; 2% to 3% calcium fluoride; 3.5% to 5.5% alumina; 0.3% to 0.7% vanadium pentoxide; up to 3% iron oxide (FeO); up to 1% lime; up to 1% magnesia; the remainder, manganese oxide, the manganese oxide content being 44% to 48%. It is particularly pointed out that the composition is not predominantly a silicate as are conventional media and that the silica content must be within the ranges defined herein to achieve the desired results.
- the welding medium of the invention is preferably pre-fused and is prepared in conventional manner as by fusing raw materials such as silica, rutile and manganese ores.
- the molten mixture is then cast onto chills for solidification.
- the solidified mass is crushed to size, for instance to 12 x 200, that is, so that all will pass a 12-mesh screen (1.397 mm. openings) and will be retained on a 200-mesh screen (.074 mm. openings) and is ready for use.
- the welding medium of the invention has proved to be satisfactory in all respects when used in producing welds in light gage sheet metal at high speeds.
- each of the tabulated compositions was used in making welds at speeds of 100, 150, and 200 inches per minute in a series of tests.
- square edged butt welds were made in S. A. E. 1010 14-gage steel sheet.
- the welding current used was 325 amperes, the voltage 21 volts.
- welding current was 400 amperes, voltage 22, and at 200 inches per minute, the welding current was 490 amperes, the voltage 22 volts.
- the welding medium of the invention has also been proved useful in welding plate up to one inch thick in a single pass, single-pass welds in one inch plate being produced at a speed of about 11 inches per minute under appropriate welding conditions.
- composition of the invention is the fact that it may be used on dirty, oily, or rusty sheet metal without producing inferior welds.
- a granulated welding medium containing 15% to 28% silica; 20% to 35% titania; up to 7.5% alumina; up to about 7.5 in the aggregate of at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of iron oxide (FeO), lime (CaO) and magnesia (MgO); up to 1% vanadium pentoxide; up to 5% calcium fluoride; the remainder manganese oxide (MnO) and incidental impurities, the composition of the medium being so balanced that the manganese oxide content is 40% to 50%.
- FeO iron oxide
- CaO lime
- MgO magnesia
- MnO manganese oxide
- incidental impurities the composition of the medium being so balanced that the manganese oxide content is 40% to 50%.
- a granulated welding medium containing 17% to 20% silica; 20% to 24% titania; 2% to 3% calcium fluoride; 3.5% to 5.5% alumina; 0.3% to 0.7% vanadium pentoxide; up to 3% iron oxide (FeO); up to 1% lime; up to 1% magnesia; the remainder manganese oxide and incidental impurities, the composition of the medium being so balanced that the manganese oxide content is 44% to 48%.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Description
Patented July 17, 1956 ELECTRIC WELDING MEDIUM CONTAlNlNG MANGANESE OXIDE, TITANIA, AND SILICA Clarence E. Jackson and Arthur E. Shrubsall, Niagara Falls, N. Y., assignors to Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application December 17, 1954, Serial No. 476,055 2 Claims. (Cl. 148-26) This invention relates to that type of electric welding process in which metal is deposited from a bare welding electrode while the welding zone is covered with a deep layer of a granulated Welding medium; it is directly concerned with a novel welding medium which makes possible the welding of light gage sheet metal at high rates of speed.
The welding process referred to was originally developed for the welding of heavy sections and has found its greatest utility in the production of welds in plate ranging in thickness from about 4 inch to 4 inches. The sound, strong welds made automatically and quickly by this welding process have made it attractive for everwidening fields of application. Much time and effort have been expended in an endeavor to adapt the process for use in automatic high speed welding of thin sheet metal. While good welds have been made with conventional welding media in such thin sheet at rates up to about 150 inches per minute, the demand for higher and higher production rates has led to a continuing demand for a medium which would permit welding such material at higher rates of speed than have been heretofore possible.
It is the principal object of this invention to provide a welding medium which makes possible the attainment of high welding speeds in light gage sheet metal.
This object is attained by the invention which comprises a granulated electric welding medium containing as essential constituents manganese oxide, titania, and silica and which may also contain, and preferably does, small quantities of alumina and vanadium oxide. Oxides of iron (FeO), calcium (CaO) and magnesium (MgO) are also generally present. More specifically, the welding medium of the invention contains 15% to 28% silica; 20% to 35% titania; up to 7.5% alumina; up to about 7.5 total of iron oxide (FeO), lime (CaO) and magnesia (MgO), iron oxide and lime preferably not exceeding about 3% each in the presence of each other, and magnesia generally not exceeding 2%; up to 1% vanadium pentoxide; up to calcium fluoride; the remainder manganese oxide, the manganese oxide content being 40% to 50%. A preferred range of composition is: 17% to 20% silica; 20% to 24% titania; 2% to 3% calcium fluoride; 3.5% to 5.5% alumina; 0.3% to 0.7% vanadium pentoxide; up to 3% iron oxide (FeO); up to 1% lime; up to 1% magnesia; the remainder, manganese oxide, the manganese oxide content being 44% to 48%. It is particularly pointed out that the composition is not predominantly a silicate as are conventional media and that the silica content must be within the ranges defined herein to achieve the desired results.
The welding medium of the invention is preferably pre-fused and is prepared in conventional manner as by fusing raw materials such as silica, rutile and manganese ores. The molten mixture is then cast onto chills for solidification. The solidified mass is crushed to size, for instance to 12 x 200, that is, so that all will pass a 12-mesh screen (1.397 mm. openings) and will be retained on a 200-mesh screen (.074 mm. openings) and is ready for use.
In the following table, a number of specific examples set forth. All of the tabulated compositions have been found to be uniformly satisfactory for welding light gage sheet metal at speeds as high as 200 inches per minute.
Percent composition-by weight 8102 T10; M110 F60 03.0 MgO A1203 08.1. 2 V205 17. 14 29. 00 43. 17 3. 15 2. 71 0.37 4. 24 N. D. N. D. 22. 50 21. 42 44. 2O 2. 25 2. 98 0.16 2. 42 N. D. N. D. 27. 60 20.13 40. 84 1. 98 1. 85 2. 05 6. 06 N. D. N D. 19. 00 21. 42 45. 64 4. 38 N. D. N. D. 5. 40 2. 52 0. 63 19. 18 22. 16 46. 09 1. 94 N. D. N. D. 4. 94 1. 98 0. 63 22. 66 17. 74 42. 42 3. 45 2. 49 1. 20 5. 4O 2. 62 0. 56 20. 0O 20. 53 46. 04 1. 93 1. 49 1. O4 4. 58 2. 30 O. 71
N. D.=not determined.
As indicated above, the welding medium of the invention has proved to be satisfactory in all respects when used in producing welds in light gage sheet metal at high speeds. For example, each of the tabulated compositions was used in making welds at speeds of 100, 150, and 200 inches per minute in a series of tests. In each case, square edged butt welds were made in S. A. E. 1010 14-gage steel sheet. At a Welding speed of 100 inches per minute, the welding current used was 325 amperes, the voltage 21 volts. At 15 inches per minute, welding current was 400 amperes, voltage 22, and at 200 inches per minute, the welding current was 490 amperes, the voltage 22 volts. In each case, direct current was employed with reverse polarity. In each case, and at every speed, sound welds were produced with complete penetration. The welds were substantially free of undercutting, pock marks, blowholes, cracks or other imperfections normally encountered with the use of former welding media at such high welding speeds. The weld deposit was about /8 inch wide in each case using a inch diameter steel welding electrode containing about 1% manganese, 0.15% carbon, and 0.2% silicon.
The welding medium of the invention has also been proved useful in welding plate up to one inch thick in a single pass, single-pass welds in one inch plate being produced at a speed of about 11 inches per minute under appropriate welding conditions.
Among the advantages of the composition of the invention, is the fact that it may be used on dirty, oily, or rusty sheet metal without producing inferior welds.
What is claimed is:
l. A granulated welding medium containing 15% to 28% silica; 20% to 35% titania; up to 7.5% alumina; up to about 7.5 in the aggregate of at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of iron oxide (FeO), lime (CaO) and magnesia (MgO); up to 1% vanadium pentoxide; up to 5% calcium fluoride; the remainder manganese oxide (MnO) and incidental impurities, the composition of the medium being so balanced that the manganese oxide content is 40% to 50%.
2. A granulated welding medium containing 17% to 20% silica; 20% to 24% titania; 2% to 3% calcium fluoride; 3.5% to 5.5% alumina; 0.3% to 0.7% vanadium pentoxide; up to 3% iron oxide (FeO); up to 1% lime; up to 1% magnesia; the remainder manganese oxide and incidental impurities, the composition of the medium being so balanced that the manganese oxide content is 44% to 48%.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Miller Jan. 12, 1943 Smith May 30, 1950 OTHER REFERENCES Outline of Practice Relating to Markush claims. Revised May 1, 1951, prepared by M. C. Rosa, page 7.
Claims (1)
1. A GRANULATED WELDING MEDIUM CONTAINING 15% TO 28% SILICA; 20% TO 35% TITANIA; UP TO 7.5% ALUMINA; UP TO ABOUT 7.5% IN THE AGGREGATE OF AT LEAST ONE OXIDE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF IRON OXIDE (FEO), LIME (CAO) AND MAGNESIA (MGO); UP TO 1% VANADIUM PENTOXIDE; UP TO 5% CALCIUM FLUORIDE; THE REMAINDER MANGANESE OXIDE (MNO) AND INCIDENTAL IMPURITIES, THE COMPOSITION OF THE MEDIUM BEING SO BALANCED THAT THE MANGANESE OXIDE CONTENT IS 40% TO 50%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US476055A US2755211A (en) | 1954-12-17 | 1954-12-17 | Electric welding medium containing manganese oxide, titania, and silica |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US476055A US2755211A (en) | 1954-12-17 | 1954-12-17 | Electric welding medium containing manganese oxide, titania, and silica |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2755211A true US2755211A (en) | 1956-07-17 |
Family
ID=23890319
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US476055A Expired - Lifetime US2755211A (en) | 1954-12-17 | 1954-12-17 | Electric welding medium containing manganese oxide, titania, and silica |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2755211A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2951931A (en) * | 1956-04-23 | 1960-09-06 | Soudure Electr Autogene Sa | Automatic arc welding process, equipment and electrode |
| US3959031A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1976-05-25 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh | Molten basic welding fluxes low in manganese and with low moisture sensitivity |
| US3969159A (en) * | 1973-09-06 | 1976-07-13 | Eitel Heinz Joachim | Casting powder |
| US4338142A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-07-06 | Kobe Steel, Limited | Melting flux composition for submerged arc welding |
| US4683011A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1987-07-28 | The Lincoln Electric Company | High penetration, high speed, agglomerated welding flux |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2308194A (en) * | 1941-03-21 | 1943-01-12 | Linde Air Prod Co | Electric welding |
| US2509654A (en) * | 1947-08-14 | 1950-05-30 | Lincoln Electric Co | Fluxes for use in arc welding |
-
1954
- 1954-12-17 US US476055A patent/US2755211A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2308194A (en) * | 1941-03-21 | 1943-01-12 | Linde Air Prod Co | Electric welding |
| US2509654A (en) * | 1947-08-14 | 1950-05-30 | Lincoln Electric Co | Fluxes for use in arc welding |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2951931A (en) * | 1956-04-23 | 1960-09-06 | Soudure Electr Autogene Sa | Automatic arc welding process, equipment and electrode |
| US3969159A (en) * | 1973-09-06 | 1976-07-13 | Eitel Heinz Joachim | Casting powder |
| US3959031A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1976-05-25 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh | Molten basic welding fluxes low in manganese and with low moisture sensitivity |
| US4338142A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-07-06 | Kobe Steel, Limited | Melting flux composition for submerged arc welding |
| US4683011A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1987-07-28 | The Lincoln Electric Company | High penetration, high speed, agglomerated welding flux |
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